Many thinkers suggest that if a phenomenon is by definition outside of the realm of science, it therefore cannot be experienced and has by definition no impact on our lives.
1.Our knowledge of the world is continuously increasing. Some occurrences, once assumed supernatural, can today be explained by scientific theories. 2.Many suggested supernatural phenomena vanish when they are examined closely. There have been, for example, various studies on astrology, most of them with negative results(a single positive result cannot outweigh many negative ones, as it can be expected by mere chance). 3.Supernaturality may be a remnant of a static world view. It comes from a time when the growth of human knowledge was appreciably slower than at present. As another example, the Aristotelian Mechanics were considered valid for more than a thousand years. 4.Some naturalists argue that the process of observing an event contradicts the definition of "supernatural", therefore, no event that can be observed can actually be described as supernatural. This leads to the conclusion that if there were supernatural events and beings, we would not be able to know about them. 5.A majority of supernaturalists of any given supernatural religion only believe in a very narrow subset of all supernatural explanations of reality when all the supernatural beliefs of all supernatural religions, past and present, are taken together. The vast majority of Christians today do not think that we are reincarnated, nor do the vast majority of today’s Hindus think that everyone permanently goes to heaven or hell when they die. This differentiates a Hindu from a Christian. Since for both groups in this example the reasons for their particular choices do not differ in any discernible way, to then make claims about the "truth" of their own beliefs and the "untruth" of the opposing beliefs would not be fair and honest. Thus some[who?] say either accept all religious claims for the same reasons or reject all religious claims for the same reasons. 6.Humans are capable of having delusions that cannot be recognized.
For believers, ghosts are generally seen to be the spirit or soul of a deceased person. Alternative theories expand on that idea and include belief in the ghosts of deceased animals. Sometimes the term "ghost" is used synonymously with any spirit or demon, however in popular usage the term typically refers to a deceased person.
The belief in ghosts as souls of the departed is closely tied to the concept of animism, an ancient belief which attributed souls to everything in nature. As the nineteenth-century anthropologist James Frazer explained in his classic work, The Golden Bough, souls were seen as the creature within that animated the body. Although the human soul was sometimes symbolically or literally depicted in ancient cultures as a bird or other animal, it was widely held that the soul was an exact reproduction of the body in every feature, even down to clothing the person wore. This is depicted in artwork from various ancient cultures, including such works as the Egyptian Book of the Dead, which shows deceased people in the afterlife appearing much as they did before death, including the style of dress.
A widespread belief concerning ghosts is that they are composed of a misty, airy, or subtle material. Anthropologists speculate that this may also stem from early beliefs that ghosts were the person within the person, most noticeable in ancient cultures as a person's breath, which upon exhaling in colder climates appears visibly as a white mist. This belief may have also fostered the metaphorical meaning of "breath" in certain languages, such as the Latin spiritus and the Greek pneuma, which by analogy became extended to mean the soul. In the Bible, God is depicted as animating Adam with a breath.
Numerous theories have been proposed by skeptics to provide non-paranormal explanations for ghosts sightings. Although the evidence for ghosts is largely anecdotal, the belief in ghosts throughout history has remained widespread and persistent.
UFOs
The possibility of extraterrestrial life is not, by itself, a paranormal subject. Many scientists are actively engaged in the search for unicellular life within the solar system, carrying out studies on the surface of Mars and examining meteors that have fallen to Earth. Projects such as SETI are conducting an astronomical search for radio activity that would show evidence of intelligent life outside the solar system. Scientific theories of how life developed on Earth allow for the possibility that life developed on other planets as well. The paranormal aspect of extraterrestrial life centers largely around the belief in unidentified flying objects and the phenomena said to be associated with them.
Early in the history of UFO culture, believers divided themselves into two camps. The first held a rather conservative view of the phenomena, interpreting it as unexplained occurrences that merited serious study. They began calling themselves "ufologists" in the 1950s and felt that logical analysis of sighting reports would validate the notion of extraterrestrial visitation.
The second camp consisted of individuals who coupled ideas of extraterrestrial visitation with beliefs from existing quasi-religious movements. These individuals typically were enthusiasts of occultism and the paranormal. Many had backgrounds as active Theosophists, Spiritualists, or were followers of other esoteric doctrines. In contemporary times, many of these beliefs have coalesced into New Age spiritual movements.
Both secular and spiritual believers describe UFOs as having abilities beyond what is considered possible according to aerodynamics and physical laws. The transitory events surrounding many UFO sightings also limits the opportunity for repeat testing required by the scientific method. Acceptance of UFO theories by the larger scientific community is further hindered by the many possible hoaxes associated with UFO culture.
Wrestling disciplines defined by FILA, are broken down into two categories; International wrestling disciplines and folk wrestling disciplines. According to the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, there are five current International wrestling disciplines acknowledged throughout the world. They are Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Grappling, Beach wrestling and Sambo. A Greco-Roman wrestling match in the United States A Greco-Roman wrestling match in the United States
Main article: Greco-Roman wrestling
Greco-Roman is an international discipline and an Olympic sport. "In Greco-Roman style, it is forbidden to hold the opponent below the belt, to make trips, and to actively use the legs in the execution of any action." Recent rule changes in Greco-Roman increase opportunities for and place greater emphasis on explosive, 'high amplitude' throws. One of the most well known Greco-Roman wrestlers is Alexander Karelin from Russia.
Main article: Submission Wrestling
"Grappling is a wrestling style also called submission wrestling or “submission grappling” which consists of controlling the opponent without using striking, in standing position or on the ground after a throw, and to make him or her abandon thanks to immobilisation techniques such as locks. Grappling plays an important role in the practice of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) and can be used as a self-defence technique. It brings together techniques from Brazilian jiu-jitsu (no-Gi), Freestyle Wrestling, Folk American Wrestling (catch-as-catch-can), Sambo and judo.".[17] Grappling is also used to describe the skills used in mixed martial arts competitions, differing from the FILA definition. Grappling can be trained for self defense, sport and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition. Female wrestling Female wrestling
Apparently in a bid to give wrestling greater appeal to television audiences, FILA adopted beach wrestling as an official discipline during 2004-2005. Beach wrestling is standing wrestling done by wrestlers, male or female, inside a sand-filled circle measuring 6 meters (20 ft) in diameter. There are only two weight categories, heavy and light. The objective is to throw your opponent or take your opponent to his or her back. The wrestlers wear swimsuits rather than special wrestling uniforms. Wrestlers may also wear spandex or athletic shorts.
Main article: Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a martial art that originated in the Soviet Union (particular Russia) in the 20th century. It is an acronym for "self-defence without weapons" in Russian and had its origins in the Soviet armed forces. Its influences are varied, with techniques borrowed from sports ranging from the two international styles of Greco-Roman and freestyle to judo, jujutsu, European styles of folk wrestling, and even fencing. The rules for sport sambo are similar to those allowed in competitive judo, with a variety of leglocks and defense holds from the various national wrestling styles in the Soviet Union, while not allowing chokeholds.
The habit of people continually changing the style of clothing worn, which is now worldwide, at least among urban populations, is generally held by historians to be a distinctively Western one.[dubious – discuss] At other periods in Ancient Rome and other cultures changes in costume occurred, often at times of economic or social change, but then a long period without large changes followed. In 8th century Cordoba, Spain, Ziryab, a famous musician - a star in modern terms - is said to have introduced sophisticated clothing styles based on seasonal and daily timings from his native Baghdad and his own inspiration. English caricature of Tippies of 1796 English caricature of Tippies of 1796
The beginnings of the habit in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in styles can be fairly clearly dated to the middle of the 14th century, to which historians including James Laver and Fernand Braudel date the start of Western fashion in clothing.[2][3] The most dramatic manifestation was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment, from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing on the chest to look bigger. This created the distinctive Western male outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers which is still with us today.
The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and men's fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing. Art historians are therefore able to use fashion in dating images with increasing confidence and precision, often within five years in the case of 15th century images. Initially changes in fashion led to a fragmentation of what had previously been very similar styles of dressing across the upper classes of Europe, and the development of distinctive national styles, which remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, finally those from Ancien Régime in France.[4] Though fashion was always led by the rich, the increasing affluence of early modern Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance sometimes uncomfortably close for the elites - a factor Braudel regards as one of the main motors of changing fashion.
The fashions of the West are generally unparalleled either in antiquity or in the other great civilizations of the world. Early Western travellers, whether to Persia, Turkey, Japan or China frequently remark on the absence of changes in fashion there, and observers from these other cultures comment on the unseemly pace of Western fashion, which many felt suggested an instability and lack of order in Western culture. The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years. However in Ming China, for example, there is considerable evidence for rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing, Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her taller. Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her taller.
Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, and at this period national differences were at their most pronounced, as Albrecht Dürer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). The "Spanish style" of the end of the century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid 17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.
Though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year, the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut changed more slowly. Men's fashions largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat or necktie.
The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the increased publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles; though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France as patterns since the 16th century, and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion from the 1620s. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike (or thought they were): local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant.
Although tailors and dressmakers were no doubt responsible for many innovations before, and the textile industry certainly led many trends, the history of fashion design is normally taken to date from 1858, when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute couture house in Paris. Since then the professional designer has become a progressively more dominant figure, despite the origins of many fashions in street fashion.
Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect that person's personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a fashion trend may start. People who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style.
Fashions may vary considerably within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation sexual orientation, and geography as well as over time. If, for example, an older person dresses according to the fashion of young people, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people. The terms "fashionista" or "fashion victim" refer to someone who slavishly follows the current fashions
One can regard the system of sporting various fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.)
Far field Means for long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit. (U.S. Patent 1,309,031 ) Means for long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit. (U.S. Patent 1,309,031 )
These methods achieve longer ranges, often multiple kilometre ranges, where the distance is much greater than the diameter of the device(s).
Radio and microwave
Main article: Microwave power transmission
The earliest work in the area of wireless transmission via radio waves was performed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1888. A later Guglielmo Marconi worked with a modified form of Hertz's transmitter. Nikola Tesla also investigated radio transmission and reception.
Japanese researcher Hidetsugu Yagi also investigated wireless energy transmission using a directional array antenna that he designed. In February 1926, Yagi and Uda published their first paper on the tuned high-gain directional array now known as the Yagi antenna. While it did not prove to be particularly useful for power transmission, this beam antenna has been widely adopted throughout the broadcasting and wireless telecommunications industries due to its excellent performance characteristics.
Power transmission via radio waves can be made more directional, allowing longer distance power beaming, with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in the microwave range. A rectenna may be used to convert the microwave energy back into electricity. Rectenna conversion efficiencies exceeding 95% have been realized. Power beaming using microwaves has been proposed for the transmission of energy from orbiting solar power satellites to Earth and the beaming of power to spacecraft leaving orbit has been considered.
Power beaming by microwaves has the difficulty that for most space applications the required aperture sizes are very large. For example, the 1978 NASA Study of solar power satellites required a 1-km diameter transmitting antenna, and a 10 km diameter receiving rectenna, for a microwave beam at 2.45 GHz. These sizes can be somewhat decreased by using shorter wavelengths, although short wavelengths may have difficulties with atmospheric absorption and beam blockage by rain or water droplets. Because of the Thinned array curse, it is not possible to make a narrower beam by combining the beams of several smaller satellites.
For earthbound applications a large area 10 km diameter receiving array allows large total power levels to be used while operating at the low power density suggested for human electromagnetic exposure safety. A human safe power density of 1 mW/cm2 distributed across a 10 km diameter area corresponds to 750 megawatts total power level. This is the power level found in many modern electric power plants.
High power
Wireless Power Transmission (using microwaves) is well proven. Experiments in the tens of kilowatts have been performed at Goldstone in California in 1975[6][7][19] and more recently (1997) at Grand Bassin on Reunion Island.
These methods achieve distances on the order of a kilometer.
Low power
A new company, Powercast introduced wireless power transfer technology using RF energy at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show, winning best Emerging Technology. The Powercast system is applicable for a number of devices with low power requirements. This could include LEDs, computer peripherals, wireless sensors, and medical implants. Currently, it achieves a maximum output of 6 volts for a little over one meter. It is expected for arrival late 2007.
A different low-power wireless power technology has been proposed by Landis.
[edit] Laser With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight of an aircraft powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight of an aircraft powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.
In the case of light, power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam that is then fired at a solar cell receiver. This is generally known as "powerbeaming". Its drawbacks are:
1. Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is moderately inefficient (although quantum cascade lasers improve this) 2. Conversion back into electricity is moderately inefficient, with photovoltaic cells achieving 40%-50% efficiency.[24] (Note that conversion efficiency is rather higher with monochromatic light than with insolation of solar panels). 3. Atmospheric absorption causes losses. 4. As with microwave beaming, this method requires a direct line of sight with the target.
NASA has demonstrated flight of a lightweight model plane powered by a laser beam.
Electrical conduction
Main article: Electrical conduction
Electrical energy can also be transmitted by means of electrical currents made to flow through naturally existing conductors, specifically the earth, lakes and oceans, and through the atmosphere — a natural medium that can be made conducting if the breakdown voltage is exceeded and the gas becomes ionized. For example, when a high voltage is applied across a neon tube the gas becomes ionized and a current passes between the two internal electrodes. In a practical wireless energy transmission system using this principle, a high-power ultraviolet beam might be used to form a vertical ionized channel in the air directly above the transmitter-receiver stations. The same concept is used in virtual lightning rods, the electrolaser electroshock weapon and has been proposed for disabling vehicles. The Tesla effect. The Tesla effect.
A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity was proposed by Nikola Tesla as early as 1904. The Tesla effect is the application of a type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter; not just the production of voltage across a conductor).
Instead of depending on induction at a distance to light the tube [... the] ideal way of lighting a hall or room would [...] be to produce such a condition in it that an illuminating device could be moved and put anywhere, and that it is lighted, no matter where it is put and without being electrically connected to anything. I have been able to produce such a condition by creating in the room a powerful, rapidly alternating electrostatic field. For this purpose I suspend a sheet of metal a distance from the ceiling on insulating cords and connect it to one terminal of the induction coil, the other terminal being preferably connected to the ground. Or else I suspend two sheets as [...] each sheet being connected with one of the terminals of the coil, and their size being carefully determined. An exhausted tube may then be carried in the hand anywhere between the sheets or placed anywhere, even a certain distance beyond them; it remains always luminous.
Through longitudinal waves, an operator uses the Tesla effect in the wireless transfer of energy to a receiving device. The Tesla effect is a type of high field gradient between electrode plates for wireless energy transfer. Wireless transmission of power and energy demonstration during his high frequency and potential lecture of 1891. Wireless transmission of power and energy demonstration during his high frequency and potential lecture of 1891.
The Tesla effect uses high frequency alternating current potential differences transmitted between two plates or nodes. The electrostatic forces through natural media across a conductor situated in the changing magnetic flux can transfer power to the conducting receiving device (such as Tesla's wireless bulbs).
Currently, the effect has been appropriated by some in the fringe scientific community as an effect which purportedly causes man-made earthquakes from electromagnetic standing waves, related to Tesla's telegeodynamics mechanical earth-resonance concepts. A number of modern writers have "reinterpreted" and expanded upon Tesla's original writings. In the process, they have sometimes invoked behavior and phenomena that are inconsistent with experimental observation. On the other hand, a number of researchers have experimented with Tesla's basic wireless energy transmission system design and made physical observations that are inconsistent with some basic tenets of mainstream science[citation needed].
The Tesla world wireless system would combine electrical power transmission along with broadcasting and wireless telecommunications, allowing for the elimination of many existing high-tension power transmission lines and facilitate the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale. However, a close reading of Tesla's patents suggests that he may have misinterpreted the 25-70 km nodal structures associated with lightning that he observed during his 1899 Colorado Springs experiments in terms of circumglobally propagating standing waves instead of as the well known local interference between direct and reflected waves between the ground and the ionosphere (not known to exist at the time). Many of the properties of the real earth-ionosphere cavity that have subsequently been mapped in great detail were unknown to Tesla, and a consideration of the earth-ionosphere waveguide propagation parameters as they are known today shows that Tesla's concept of a global wireless power grid is not practically realizable.
The petroleum industry is involved in the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often with oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.
Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrialized civilization itself, and thus is critical concern to many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. Other geographic regions’ consumption patterns are as follows: South and Central America (44%), Africa (41%), and North America (40%). The world at large consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil per year, and the top oil consumers largely consist of developed nations. In fact, 24% of the oil consumed in 2004 went to the United States alone.[15] The production, distribution, refining, and retailing of petroleum taken as a whole represent the single largest industry in terms of dollar value on earth.
See also: Price of petroleum, Oil price increases since 2003, and Gasoline usage and pricing
Petroleum exploration
Main article: Hydrocarbon exploration
Extraction
Main article: Extraction of petroleum
The most common method of obtaining petroleum is extracting it from oil wells found in oil fields. With improved technologies and higher demand for hydrocarbons various methods are applied in petroleum exploration and development to optimize the recovery of oil and gas (Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR). Primary recovery methods are used to extract oil that is brought to the surface by underground pressure, and can generally recover about 20% of the oil present. The natural pressure can come from several different sources; where it is provided by an underlying water layer it is called a water drive reservoir and where it is from the gas cap above it is called gas drive. After the reservoir pressure has depleted to the point that the oil is no longer brought to the surface, secondary recovery methods draw another 5 to 10% of the oil in the well to the surface. In a water drive oil field, water can be injected into the water layer below the oil, and in a gas drive field it can be injected into the gas cap above to repressurize the reservoir. Finally, when secondary oil recovery methods are no longer viable, tertiary recovery methods reduce the viscosity of the oil in order to bring more to the surface. These may involve the injection of heat, vapor, surfactants, solvents, or miscible gases as in carbon dioxide flooding.
Alternative methods
During the oil price increases since 2003, alternative methods of producing oil gained importance. The most widely known alternatives involve extracting oil from sources such as oil shale or tar sands. These resources exist in large quantities; however, extracting the oil at low cost without excessively harming the environment remains a challenge.
It is also possible to chemically transform methane or coal into the various hydrocarbons found in oil. The best-known such method is the Fischer-Tropsch process. It was a concept pioneered during the 1920s in Germany to extract oil from coal and became central to Nazi Germany's war efforts when imports of petroleum were restricted due to war. It was known as Ersatz (English:"substitute") oil, and accounted for nearly half the total oil used in WWII by Germany. However, the process was used only as a last resort as naturally occurring oil was much cheaper. As crude oil prices increase, the cost of coal to oil conversion becomes comparatively cheaper. The method involves converting high ash coal into synthetic oil in a multi-stage process.[citation needed]
Currently, two companies have commercialised their Fischer-Tropsch technology. Shell Oil in Bintulu, Malaysia, uses natural gas as a feedstock, and produces primarily low-sulfur diesel fuels.[16] Sasol[17] in South Africa uses coal as a feedstock, and produces a variety of synthetic petroleum products.
The process is today used in South Africa to produce most of the country's diesel fuel from coal by the company Sasol. The process was used in South Africa to meet its energy needs during its isolation under Apartheid. This process produces low sulfur diesel fuel but also produces large amounts of greenhouse gases.
An alternative method of converting coal into petroleum is the Karrick process, which was pioneered in the 1930s in the United States. It uses low temperatures in the absence of ambient air, to distill the short-chain hydrocarbons out of coal instead of petroleum.
Destructive distillation
Oil shale can also be used to produce oil, either through mining and processing, or in more modern methods, with in-situ thermal conversion.
Conventional crude can be extracted from unconventional reservoirs, such as the Bakken Formation. The formation is about two miles (3 km) underground but only a few meters thick, stretching across hundreds of thousands of square miles. It further has very poor extraction characteristics. Recovery at Elm Coulee has involved extensive use of horizontal drilling, solvents, and proppants.
More recently explored is thermal depolymerization (TDP), a process for the reduction of complex organic materials into light crude oil. Using pressure and heat, long chain polymers of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon decompose into short-chain hydrocarbons. This mimics the natural geological processes thought to be involved in the production of fossil fuels. In theory, thermal depolymerization can convert any organic waste into petroleum substitutes.
Arguably, the first motorcycle was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt (since 1905 a city district of Stuttgart) in 1885. The first petroleum-powered vehicle, it was essentially a motorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). However, if a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first one may have been American. One such machine was demonstrated at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867, built by Sylvester Howard Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts.
In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first motorcycle available for purchase.In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. As the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased. An historic 1941 Crocker An historic 1941 Crocker
Until the First World War, the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world was Indian, producing over 20,000 bikes per year. By 1920, this honour went to Harley-Davidson, with their motorcycles being sold by dealers in 67 countries. In 1928, DKW took over as the largest manufacturer.
After the Second World War, the BSA Group became the largest producer of motorcycles in the world, producing up to 75,000 bikes per year in the 1950s. The German company NSU Motorenwerke AG held the position of largest manufacturer from 1955 until the 1970s. NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season
In the 1950s, streamlining began to play an increasing part in the development of racing motorcycles and held out the possibility of radical changes to motorcycle design. NSU and Moto-Guzzi were in the vanguard of this development both producing very radical designs well ahead of their time. NSU produced the most advanced design, but because of the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing.ace machines, and by 1957 nearly all the Grand Prix races were being won by streamlined machines.[citation needed]
From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular worldwide, partly as a result of East German Walter Kaaden's engine work in the 1950s. Today, the Japanese manufacturers, Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha dominate the motorcycle industry, although Harley-Davidson still maintains a high degree of popularity in the United States. Apart from these high capacity motorcycles, there is a very huge market for low capacity (less then 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries. This area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero Honda being the world's largest manufacturer of two wheelers. Its Hero Honda Splendor model is the highest selling motorcycle in automotive history, having sold more then 8.5 million to date. A 2006 Honda Hero A 2006 Honda Hero
Recent years have also seen a resurgence in the popularity of several other brands sold in the U.S. market, including BMW, KTM, Triumph, Aprilia, Moto-Guzzi, MV Agusta and Ducati.
Outside of the U.S., these brands have enjoyed continued and sustained success, although Triumph, for example, has been re-incarnated from its former self into a modern world-class manufacturer. In overall numbers, however, the Chinese currently manufacture and sell more motorcycles than any other country and exports are rising.[citation needed]
Additionally, the small-capacity scooter is very popular through most of the world. The Piaggio group of Italy, for example, is one of the world's largest producers of two-wheeled vehicles.
The major distinction in aircraft types is between military aircraft, which includes not just combat types but many types of supporting aircraft, and civil aircraft, which include all non-military types.
Military aircraft
Combat aircraft divide broadly into fighters and bombers, with several in-between types such as fighter-bombers and ground-attack aircraft (including attack helicopters).
Other supporting roles are carried out by specialist patrol, search and rescue, reconnaissance, observation, transport, training and Tanker aircraft among others.
Many civil aircraft, both fixed wing and rotary, have been produced in separate models for military use, such as the civil Douglas DC-3 airliner, which became the military C-47/C-53/R4D transport in the U.S. military and the "Dakota" in the UK and the Commonwealth. Even the small fabric-covered two-seater Piper J3 Cub had a military version, the L-4 liaison, observation and trainer aircraft. Gliders and balloons have also been used as military aircraft; for example, balloons were used for observation during the American Civil War and World War I, and cargo gliders were used during World War II to land troops.
Civil aircraft Interior of Qatar Airways flight Interior of Qatar Airways flight
Civil aircraft divide into commercial and general types, however in practice there is some overlap.
Commercial aircraft
Commercial aircraft include types designed for scheduled and charter airline flights, carrying both passengers and cargo. The larger passenger-carrying types are often referred to as airliners. Some of the smaller types are also used in general aviation. General aviation
General aviation is a catch-all covering other kinds of private and commercial use, and involving a wide range of aircraft types such as business jets (bizjets), trainers, homebuilt, aerobatic types, racers, firefighters, medical transports (medevac), and cargo transports, to name a few. The vast majority of aircraft today are general aviation types.
Within general aviation, there is a further distinction between private aircraft (where the pilot is not paid for time or expenses) and commercial aircraft (where the pilot is paid by a client or employer). Private aircraft are usually light passenger, business, or recreational types. Usually the pilot owns or rents the aircraft. Commercial types in general aviation may be put to a wide range of tasks, such as flight training, pipeline surveying, passenger and freight transport, policing, crop dusting, and medevac flights.
Piston-powered propeller aircraft (single-engine or twin-engine) are especially common for both private and commercial general aviation, but even private pilots occasionally own and operate helicopters like the Bell JetRanger or turboprops like the Beechcraft King Air. Business jets are typically flown by commercial pilots, although there is a new generation of small jets arriving soon for private pilots. Another small but important class of private aircraft are the historical warbirds.
Experimental aircraft
Experimental aircraft are one-off specials, built to explore some aspect of aircraft design and with no other useful purpose. The Bell X-1 rocket plane, which first broke the sound barrier in level flight, is a famous example.
The formal designation of "experimental aircraft" also includes other types which are "not certified for commercial applications", including one-off modifications of existing aircraft such as the modified Boeing 747 which NASA uses to ferry the space shuttle from landing site to launch site, and aircraft homebuilt by amateurs for their own personal use.
If you like hiking, biking, or walking, these spots are for you
Retirees who love the outdoors get more than just enjoyment out of hiking, bird-watching, and kayaking. They also get exercise that improves their quality of life.
"As we age, we stop doing things that used to be fun, like partying all night and other carnal pleasures. So we have to find other things that are fun, and competition is so much fun," says Ruth Heidrich, author of A Race for Life. At 73, Heidrich spends up to three hours a day swimming, running, and biking. She recently won a 10K in her age group (she was the only competitor) and has finished six Ironman triathlons.
To help other retirees find outdoor havens, U.S. News drilled into our Best Places to Retire database and came up with a top 10 list, which includes the watersport-friendly Hilo, Hawaii, not far from Heidrich's home in Honolulu.
Many of the picks are located near national and state parks. Winchester, Va., for example, is near Shenandoah National Park. Bill Jones, 84, and his wife chose to live in Winchester partly because of its proximity to the park, where Jones volunteers to maintain trails and camps with his grandchildren. The retired chemist and World War II veteran also volunteers with local groups dedicated to cleaning up local streams and helped establish a walking trail that highlights native plants.
Seniors age 62 and over are eligible for a $10 lifetime pass to national parks. The pass provides free access for the holder and three accompanying adults. Many parks also welcome volunteers to staff information desks, serve as campground hosts, and monitor trails, as Jones does.
Bob Kuhns, 65, enjoyed volunteering at the information desk at Shenandoah National Park so much that he now works as a seasonal staff member. He lives inside the park for part of the year alongside younger workers and also serves as a volunteer photographer of the park's trails and events. "It's a lifetime dream," the former IBM employee says. He first visited the park back in 1956. He can remember wanting to be a ranger even then. "I love helping people be happy in the park," Kuhns says.
Further south, hiking paths, waterfalls, and caves at Rickwood Caverns are a short drive from Center Point, Ala. Visitors can get close to stalactite and stalagmite formations while looking at fossils inside the caverns, or take a leisurely stroll around one of the hiking trails.
Juneau, Alaska, provides a jumping-off point for hiking, rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing. And Juneau isn't far from Glacier Bay National Park, home to massive glaciers. Those looking to stay in the lower 48 can consider taking up surfing and scuba diving at Carlsbad State Beach near Carlsbad, Calif. Over on the East Coast, South Burlington, Vt., near Adirondack Park and the Green Mountains, offers hiking and colorful New England autumns.
In Montana, Glacier National Park offers scenic day hikes and, for the more ambitious, mountainous backpacking trips. The park is just north of Kalispell. Further south, two big national parks, Bryce Canyon and Zion, are easy day-trip destinations from Cedar City, Utah. Those who appreciate the dry air and mountains of the Southwest might enjoy Tanque Verde, Ariz., located near Saguaro National Park. The park is home to a diverse range of plants and wildlife, including its namesake, the saguaro cactus. Canyon Lake, Texas, hosts a variety of water activities, like boating and fishing, as well as relaxing walks along the shore.
Many cities, including those not on the top 10 list, have hiking and outdoors groups that organize activities for retirees. John Bregar, 60, lives in Durango, Colo., where he spends time bird-watching, mountain climbing, and skiing. He does many of the activities with Seniors Outdoors!, a group with over 400 members that helps organize trips.
Heidrich recommends biking and swimming as among the best exercises for seniors. Both, she says, are most fun when done outside.
Ten Great Outdoorsy Places to Retire:
* Canyon Lake, Texas * Carlsbad, Calif. * Cedar City, Utah * Center Point, Ala. * Hilo, Hawaii * Juneau, Alaska * Kalispell, Mont. * South Burlington, Vt. * Tanque Verde, Ariz. * Winchester, Va.
ELKIN, N.C. - David Hayes' granddaughter just asked him to hold her Barbie rod and reel while she went to the bathroom. He did. And seconds later he landed the state record channel catfish at 21 pounds, 1 ounce.
Alyssa's father had bought the pink Barbie fishing rod for Christmas and she had caught a few bluegill before her grandfather hauled in the catfish.
The Winston-Salem Journal reported the catch Aug. 5 in eastern Wilkes County has been certified as a record by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
Hayes and his granddaughter have been fishing in the pond behind his house since she was big enough to hold a pole.
Hayes said his granddaughter worried he would break her rod. He landed the 21-pound fish on a 6-pound test line. It was 32 inches long, 2 inches longer than the rod.
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - A stillborn Israeli baby who was pronounced dead by doctors "came back to life" on Monday after spending hours in a hospital refrigerator.
The baby, weighing only 600 grams at birth, spent at least five hours inside one of the hospital's refrigerated storage units, before her parents, who had taken her to be buried, began noticing some movement.
"We unwrapped her and felt she was moving. We didn't believe it at first. Then she began holding my mother's hand, and then we saw her open her mouth," said 26-year-old Faiza Magdoub, the baby's mother.
The baby was pronounced dead several hours earlier, after doctors at Western Galilee hospital in northern Israel were forced to abort her mother's pregnancy because of internal bleeding. Magdoub was 23 weeks into her pregnancy.
"We don't know how to explain this, so when we don't know how to explain things in the medical world we call it a miracle, and this is probably what happened," hospital deputy director Moshe Daniel said.
The baby was then taken to the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit for further treatment, but doctors were not sure how long she will live.
Motti Ravid, a professor of internal medicine, told Israel's Channel 10 that the low temperature inside the cooler had slowed down the baby's metabolism and likely helped her survive.
(Writing by Avida Landau, Editing by Mike Collett-White)
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - A stillborn Israeli baby who was pronounced dead by doctors "came back to life" on Monday after spending hours in a hospital refrigerator.
The baby, weighing only 600 grams at birth, spent at least five hours inside one of the hospital's refrigerated storage units, before her parents, who had taken her to be buried, began noticing some movement.
"We unwrapped her and felt she was moving. We didn't believe it at first. Then she began holding my mother's hand, and then we saw her open her mouth," said 26-year-old Faiza Magdoub, the baby's mother.
The baby was pronounced dead several hours earlier, after doctors at Western Galilee hospital in northern Israel were forced to abort her mother's pregnancy because of internal bleeding. Magdoub was 23 weeks into her pregnancy.
"We don't know how to explain this, so when we don't know how to explain things in the medical world we call it a miracle, and this is probably what happened," hospital deputy director Moshe Daniel said.
The baby was then taken to the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit for further treatment, but doctors were not sure how long she will live.
Motti Ravid, a professor of internal medicine, told Israel's Channel 10 that the low temperature inside the cooler had slowed down the baby's metabolism and likely helped her survive.
(Writing by Avida Landau, Editing by Mike Collett-White)
As Adam Sandler proved in the movie Anger Management,emotions can present themselves in odd ways.Read on and curb your anger issues before you lost control:
What is anger?We've all felt it..when the day didn't go as planned,or when that annoying driver got in your way.Anger itself is normal and innate human emotion.It can vary in intensity,from just being annoyed to full fledge rage.What's worrying is not the emotion itself but what accompanies that emotion.Because anger is such a powerful emotion,when it gets out of control it can lead to destructive paths involving your work,relationship or your everyday life.If anger's a ormal emotion how do you know you've got anger that's going overboard?We all argue,or at least disagree with our parents sometimes.We get angry,when we feel we've been treated unfairly.That anger is normal..but if you see your parents every day and feel like you want to hit or yell at them because they just seem to enrage you by being..you should make a pit stop at the psych's office.Professionals use different tests to measure the intensity of tour anger,gauge how prone to anger you are,anf how you handle it.Even so,someone with anger issues may already know it but won't seek help for their problem.
What is anger management?
We can't go through life avoiding anything that may trigger us but we can leaen to manage our reactions to situations or people.Anger management teaches you how to control your anger instead of letting it control you.This therapy hepls you express that anger in a controlled and healthy manner. 1.Find your trigger-Figure out what make you lash out.Sometimes we blow up,when we reach our "last straw",which means that you've already got pent up your anger. 2.Therapy-Therapists work with you to re-programme the way you react when you feel angry.A lot of the time,calming stategies or assertive training i used.These tactics allow you to express your anger in a controlled environment. 3.Hypnosis-Hypnosis bypasses the subconscious to get to the root of your problem.It can also place suggestions in your psyche to help you remain calm in difficult situations.Some people believe this to be a good way to deal with anger,as you can plant good habits with lesss resistance to the change. 4.Walk away-It requires a lot of conscious effort and will power but it will stop you from reacting instinctively in the moment. 5.Yoga or meditation-Develop some kind of breathing technique that will calm your senses and keep you from blowing your top. 6.Visualise a tranquil place for two minutes-By shifting your focus especially to something soothing you give yourself time to compose and express your feelings positively. 7.Assertive training-Assertive training is a behavioural technique that helps individuals develop skills and courage to express themselves without becoming overly aggresive or passive.
What can you do if you're confronted by someone whose anger is out of control? The best thing to do is walk away.Someone who's enraged is not acting reasonably.You sticking around,even if it's to defend your rights might land in a dangerous position.If you can't walk away,silence is your next best answer.Don't try to convince the other person otherwise or stoop to their level by lashing out-it will only fuel the fury!Do however try,to step out of harm's way.
Cinderella is the much-loved only child of a widowed aristocrat. After deciding that his beloved daughter needs a mother's care, Cinderella's father marries a proud and haughty woman named Lady Tremaine. She too has been married before, and has two daughters by her first marriage, Anastasia and Drizella, who are just Cinderella's age. Plain and socially awkward, these "Ugly Stepsisters" are bitterly envious of the beautiful and charming Cinderella.
The family lives in happiness for several years, until the untimely death of Cinderella's father. After that, Lady Tremaine's true nature is revealed, and she and her spiteful daughters take over the estate, and begin to abuse and maltreat Cinderella, envious of her beauty. She is forced into housekeeping responsibilities and made to wait upon her jealous stepsisters like a maid. As Cinderella blossoms into a beautiful young woman who is kind despite her hardships, she befriends the animals living in the barn, including Bruno the Bloodhound, Major the horse, and many of the mice and birds who live in and around the chateau. Cinderella finds a mouse inside a trap, releases him, and names him Octavius, "Gus" for short. She is also friends with a mouse named Jacques ("Jaq" for short), the leader of a mouse-pack.
At the royal palace, the King is angry that his son does not intend to marry. The King is determined to see grandchildren, so he and the Duke organize a ball for the Prince in an effort to cause his son to fall in love and marry, with every eligible maiden in the kingdom ordered to attend.
When the invitation to the ball arrives, Cinderella asks her stepmother if she can attend. Her stepmother tells her she may go to the ball, if she finishes her work and can find a suitable gown. To consume her time, her stepmother sets Cinderella with a mountain of chores. Her mouse friends Jaq and Gus use Cinderella's stepsister's discarded sash and beads to fix an old gown that belonged to Cinderella's mother. When Cinderella wears her dress before the ball, Lady Tremaine points out her daughters' beads and sash, and the sisters tear the gown to shreds, leaving Cinderella to run to the back of the garden in tears while her stepfamily attends the royal ball.
Cinderella's Fairy Godmother appears to her in the garden, and transforms her appearance for the ball. She transforms the mice into horses, Bruno the dog into a footman, Major the horse into a coachman, a pumpkin into the carriage, and transforms her torn dress into a beautiful blue dress with glass slippers. Cinderella departs for the ball after the godmother warns her that the spell will expire at the stroke of midnight.
At the ball, the Prince rejects every girl, until he sees Cinderella, with whom he is immediately smitten. The two dance throughout the castle grounds until the clock starts to chime midnight. Cinderella flees to her coach and away from the castle, accidentally dropping one of her glass slippers. After the Duke tells the King of the disaster, they plan to find Cinderella with the slipper they found during her escape.
The next morning, a royal proclamation is issued, stating the Grand Duke will visit every house in the kingdom to find the girl who fits the glass slipper, so that she can be married to the Prince. When this news reaches Cinderella's household, her stepmother and stepsisters begin hurriedly preparing for the Grand Duke's arrival. Cinderella, overhearing, begins dreamily humming the song from the palace ball the previous night. Realizing Cinderella was the girl who danced with the Prince, her stepmother follows Cinderella up to her attic bedroom and locks her inside.
When the Grand Duke arrives, the mice steal the key to Cinderella's room from Lady Tremaine's pocket and laboriously drag the key up the stairs to her room, only barely managing to free her after another fight with Lucifer, in which Bruno comes to their rescue and scares the evil cat out of the house. Meanwhile, Anastasia tries on the slipper, but her foot is too big. Drizella tries on the slipper, and finds her foot is also too large. As the Duke prepares to leave, Cinderella appears at the top of the stairs, asking to try on the slipper. Knowing that the slipper will fit and that Cinderella will marry the Prince, her stepmother insists she's just a servant girl. The Grand Duke sharply reminds her that every maiden is to try on the slipper. As the footman bring the slipper to Cinderella, her stepmother trips him, causing the slipper to drop and shatter on the floor. Cinderella then reveals she has the other glass slipper. Delighted at this indisputable proof of the maiden's identity, the Duke slides the slipper onto her foot, which fits perfectly.
At the wedding, Cinderella and the Prince descend the church's staircase, surrounded by confetti tossed by the King and the Grand Duke. Cinderella loses a slipper and retrieves it with the aid of the King. As the film ends on a scene of the two newly-weds kissing, the narrator concludes "...and they lived happily ever after".
In his late 30s, Marquis M. Converse, who was previously a respected manager at a footwear manufacturing firm, opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company (also known as the Boston Rubber Shoe Company) in Malden, Massachusetts in 1908. The company was a rubber shoe manufacturer, providing winterized rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By 1910, Converse was producing 4,000 shoes daily, but it wasn't until 1915 that the company began manufacturing athletic shoes for tennis. The company's main turning point came in 1917 when the Converse All-Star basketball shoe was introduced. Then in 1921, a basketball player named Charles H. or "Chuck" Taylor walked into Converse complaining of sore feet. Converse gave him a job. He worked as a salesman and ambassador, promoting the shoes around the United States, and in 1923 his signature was added to the All Star patch. He tirelessly continued this work until shortly before his death in 1969. Converse also customized shoes for the New York Renaissance (the "Rens"), basketball's first all African American pro basketball team.
1941–Present: War, bankruptcy, and new management Red Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe. Red Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe.
When the United States entered World War II in 1941, Converse shifted production to manufacturing footwear, apparel, boots, parkas, rubber protective suits, and ponchos for pilots and troops. Widely popular during the 1950s and 1960s, Converse promoted a distinctly American image with its Converse Yearbook. Artist Charles Kerins created cover art that celebrated Converse's role in the lives of High School and College athletes, as the essential sports shoe.
Converse lost much of its apparent near-monopoly from the 1970s onward, with the surge of new competitors, including Adidas, then Nike, then a decade later Reebok, who introduced radical new designs to the market. Converse found themselves no longer the official shoe of the National Basketball Association, a title they had relished for many years. This loss of market share, combined with poor business decisions forced Converse to file for bankruptcy on January 22, 2001. When the company subsequently changed hands that year, the last factory in the United States was closed. Thereafter, manufacturing for the American market was no longer performed in the United States, but instead in a number of Asian and European countries, including China, Indonesia, Italy, Lithuania and Vietnam.
On July 9, 2003, the company accepted a $305 million purchase offer from rival Nike.
Current NBA players wearing Converse include Dwyane Wade, Kirk Hinrich, Jameer Nelson, Andre Miller, Kyle Korver, Alando Tucker, Acie Law, Udonis Haslem, Maurice Evans, Orien Greene and Mike Sweetney.
Style Converse fashion in Paris Converse fashion in Paris Joshua Mueller, Guinness Book of World Records holder for largest collection of "Chucks" Joshua Mueller, Guinness Book of World Records holder for largest collection of "Chucks"
Chuck Taylors are a legendary brand of shoe known as the Converse shoe, also referred to as gym boots.
Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe
For more details on this topic, see Chuck Taylor All Star.
The Chuck Taylor All Star shoe has developed a number of nicknames over the years, such as: "Cons", "Connies", "Convies", "Verses", "Chuckers", "Chucks", "Converse", "Chuckies", "Chuckie T's", or "Chucker Boots" for the higher styles. For decades the Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe only came in black, with a white variant released in 1947. Under pressure from basketball teams it was decided in 1966 to manufacture other colors. Different materials also began to be used, starting in the 1970s, including leather, suede and vinyl, and even hemp, rather than just canvas. Besides high-tops, low-cuts and later knee-high versions were produced. After Converse was bought by Nike, operations were moved from the United States to overseas, although the design has had few alterations. The fabric is no longer 2-ply cotton canvas but 1-ply "textile" and many wearers have noticed different patterns of wear.
The Weapon
In 1986, Converse released "The Weapon" basketball shoe. Manufactured in many color schemes to match the kit colors of basketball teams, it has been available in both high-top and low cut varieties. The unique aspect of this shoe is the leather construction throughout, including the inside heel which is also heavily padded for comfort. Converse re-released "The Weapon" in 2002 and "The Loaded Weapon" in 2003. The Weapon, manufactured in many different color schemes The Weapon, manufactured in many different color schemes
Special editions
There have been made several special editions of Converse shoes, such as the Kurt Cobain and the Sailor Jerry gren or brown edition, which only 2000 or so have been made.
Colgate University is a private liberal arts college located in the Village of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, USA. It was founded in 1819 as a Baptist seminary, but has since become non-denominational.
As of 2008, Colgate is ranked 18th in the U.S. News and World Report ranking of liberal arts colleges in the United States and 44th in the Forbes ranking of all U.S. universities. It is also listed as one of thirty Hidden Ivies. Colgate students compete in 23 NCAA Division I sports.
Colgate has a distinct architectural style. Its first building, West Hall, was built by students and faculty from stones from Colgate's own rock quarry, and a majority of the newer buildings are built in a similar fashion. The most distinctive building on campus is the Chapel (Colgate Memorial Chapel), which is used for lectures, performances, concerts, and religious services. Contents
History
In 1817, the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York was founded by thirteen men (six clergymen and seven laymen). Two years later, in 1819, the state granted the school's charter, and in 1820, the school was opened. In 1823, Baptists in New York City (including soap maker William Colgate, who created Colgate-Palmolive) moved their seminary to Hamilton, NY to form the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. This was the beginning of the Colgate family's involvement with the school.
The school changed its name to Madison University in 1846. In 1850, the Baptist Education Society planned to move the university to Rochester, but was halted by legal action. Dissenting trustees, faculty, and students founded the University of Rochester.
After seven decades of the Colgate family's involvement with the school, Madison University changed its name to Colgate University in 1890 in honor of William Colgate and his two sons, one of whom, J. B. Colgate, established the Dodge Memorial Fund of $1,000,000. The theological side of Colgate merged with the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1928 to become the Colgate Rochester Divinity School, leaving Colgate to become non-denominational. In 1970, Colgate became coeducational.
Academics
Colgate offers 51 undergraduate concentrations leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree, all of which are registered officially with the New York State Department of Education. The three most common majors are biology, economics, and political science. In addition, Colgate has strong foreign language, physics, history, psychology/neuroscience and geology departments.
The University has a small graduate (Master of Arts) program for Education, which graduates 3-7 students each year.
In addition to regular campus courses, the university offers 22 semester-long off-campus study groups each year, including programs in Australia, China, Japan, India, several Western European countries, Washington, DC, and the National Institutes of Health. Approximately two-thirds of Colgate undergraduates study abroad, which is a high proportion considering other colleges and universities in the United States. About 95% of seniors graduate and most alumni proceed to graduate schools in law, administration, engineering, medicine, the arts and the sciences, as well as to financial, administrative or scientific occupations. There is hardly a walk of life where alumni of Colgate University are not represented. However, a significant clustering occurs in business, the media, and the life and earth sciences.
Initiatives
Colgate founded the Upstate Institute in 2003. The Institute was created to be a center of information and knowledge about upstate New York. Currently, they do research on counties in the area, as well as support outreach and volunteer organizations.
The school has also provided assistance to the town of Hamilton in its attempts to revitalize and renovate its buildings and businesses. Colgate was one of the initial sponsors of the Partnership for Community Development, which seeks economic development and growth in the area.
1.War and Peace begins in 1805 with a soirée in Petersburg held by Anna Pavlovna Scherer. Prince Vasili is present and Anna Pavlovna makes it clear that she does not like his youngest child, Anatole, but says she will try match-making for him. Pierre Bezuhov is also present and it is made clear that he does not know how to behave in this sort of environment. Other central characters are then introduced. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and his wife Lisa, for example, are referred to and it is emphasized that he is bored with her.Furthermore, allusions to the impending war are made, as when Anna Pavlovna asks Prince Andrei if he has enlisted.
2.Princess Drubetskoy (Anna Mihalovna) asks a favor of Prince Vasili as she wants her son, Boris, to be transferred to the Guards. Another discussion about Bonaparte follows this request and Pierre defends him. Anna Pavlovna regards Pierre as too opinionated for this type of social gathering. After the soirée, Pierre makes it clear that he does not want to fight against Napoleon, who he thinks is the 'greatest man in the world'.
3.When Pierre and Prince Andrei are alone, Prince Andrei warns him against marrying as he feels as though he has lost his freedom. He then goes on to criticize women.
4.The action shifts to Moscow, in Chapter VII, where Anna Mihalovna is visiting the Rostovs. There is conversation regarding Pierre - how he is the illegitimate son of Count Bezuhov and also how he (Pierre) has been sent to Moscow for being part of a group who tied a bear to a policeman. The Rostovs are also introduced to the reader and Boris tells Natasha Rostov he will ask her to marry him when she is 16.
5.Count Bezuhov is dying and Boris and his mother visit him in order to ask for money. Because this attempt is of no avail, Countess Rostov finally gives her financial assistance. Pierre then attends a dinner at the home of the Rostovs and meets Natasha.
6.In Chapter XVIII, Pierre's father has now had his sixth stroke. Prince Vasili is anxious that there is a will that leaves everything to Pierre and wants it destroyed. Anna Mihalovna assists Pierre in teaching him how to conduct himself at this time of his father's illness and death as she tries to look after his interests (which are also evidently her own too). Pierre's father finally dies as those around him (not including Pierre) have a physical struggle over his last will.
7.The last chapters of Book One (XXII to XXV) are set in Bald Hills, which is the estate belonging to the Bolkonskys. Through a letter which Princess Maria (the sister of Prince Andrei) receives from Julie Karagin, it is related that Pierre has been recognized as the legitimate son of Count Bezuhov and he has inherited everything. This Book ends with Prince Andrei departing for war and having left his wife Lisa with his sister and father.
Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska and punk rock. Ska-core is a subgenre of ska punk, blending ska with hardcore punk.
The characteristics of ska punk vary, due to the fusion of contrasting genres. The more punk influenced style often features faster tempos, guitar distortion, onbeat punk-style interludes (usually the chorus), and nasal, gruff, or shouted vocals. The more ska-influenced style of ska punk features a more developed instrumentation and a cleaner vocal and musical sound. The common instrumentation includes electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, saxophones, trombones, trumpets and/or other brass instruments, and sometimes an organ.
Punk rock (often referred to simply as punk) is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-government lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it yourself) ethic, with many bands self-producing their recordings and distributing them through informal channels.
By late 1976, bands such as the Ramones, in New York City, and the Sex Pistols and The Clash, in London, were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world. Punk quickly, though briefly, became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive clothing styles and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.
By the beginning of the 1980s, even faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the alternative rock movement. By the turn of the century, new pop punk bands such as Green Day were bringing the genre widespread popularity decades after its inception.
Screamo is a subgenre of rock music which evolved from hardcore punk and emo in the early 1990s. The term "screamo" was initially applied to a more aggressive offshoot of emo that developed in San Diego in 1991, which used short, chaotically executed songs which grafted "spastic intensity to willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics,"often with a political message. Some groups had an even harder edge that put them closer to the noise rock and grindcore styles.
In the early 2000s, the genre name began to describe a different, slower and less dissonant style that borrowed from alternative rock, most notably in a 2003 New York Times article.The term's application to the "second wave" is controversial among fans and practitioners of the earlier style.One musician observed that the term "has been kind of tainted in a way, especially in the States".
The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture above) and this race logo on the side. On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward. Count Francesco Baracca A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart. This horse motif comes from the origins of the city's name: it comes from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the modern German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. Stuttgart is the home of Porsche, which also uses the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of Württemberg.
Coat of arms of Stuttgart, Germany Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (even if not part of Baracca's squadron, as is mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies.
Austrian Fuel Stations The cavallino rampante is now a trademark of Ferrari. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's. Many aspects of the cover design of the third Jamiroquai album, Travelling Without Moving, as well as the single Virtual Insanity and some single promos pay homage to the Ferrari logo.
What is Lampe Berger? Lampe Berger is an oil lamp that was developed over 100 years ago by Maurice Berger. Maurice was a pharmaceutical chemist that patented the catalytic burner that destroys odors and helps purify the air. The lamp can eliminate up to 68% of any airborne bacteria before it disperses a fragrance in the air. For those that are fragrance sensitive, there is a neutral lamp oil just for you. No fragrance required to make the lamp operate. Lampe Berger can successfully destroy a range of odors at the molecular level, including cigarette smoke; cooking odors; pet odors; paint fumes, basement odors and many other forms of household odors.
How does it operate? Lampe Berger comes with operating instructions, a lamp, catalytic wick/burner, funnel and 10 hour size of test fuel. There is only one lamp that is not packed with extra fuel and that is the new Ondine lamp at $32.00. Extra fuel is available in the fuel section of our website with 40 choices of fragranced oil available. Just take out the funnel and pour the lamp 3/4 full with Lampe Berger fuel. Soak the wick/burner 20 minutes. Light the burner for two minutes and extinguish the flame before putting on the open grill top. Leave the lamp on for 45 minutes. This will eliminate odors in a room up to 300 square feet. To stop fragrancing, simply cap with the solid cap. This is stop the action of the lamp.
history of lampe berger!!! Lampe Berger lamps were named after Maurice Berger. Maurice Berger worked on his patented catalytic converter between 1890-1900. Maurice's invention was the only one that was patented even though other like Louis Muller and Andre Guasco also tried to create a similiar invention. Maurice was developing a product that would ultimately clean and purify the air. Lampe Berger lamps were originally used in hospitals in Europe to clean the air of germs. Maurice was born in Paris, on December 2, 1866. When he was nineteen he entered a professional career in the pharmacial field. During 1905 to 1909 Maurice work as a Delouche chemist-store employee in Paris and worked to commercialize his hygience lamp. In 1910, Maurice Berger opened a shop known as L'Ozosenteur where his business was to commercialize his Berger lamp. He ran his business until he retired in 1927. At age 64, Maurice passed away.
Maurice Berger sold his business to Jean-Jacques Failliot a former industrial manager. The Failliot family took the Lampe Berger lamp to new heights from 1927 to 1973. From 1973 to present, the Auvray's succeeded the Failliot as the head of Lampe Berger.
Today, the story continues and Lampe Berger history is now over 100 old. Not many products on the market today can say that.
Barbie is a best-selling fashion doll launched in 1959. The doll is produced by Mattel, Inc., and is a major source of revenue for the company. The American businesswoman Ruth Handler (1916-2002) is regarded as the creator of Barbie, and the doll's design was inspired by a German doll called Bild Lilli.
Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for nearly fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle. In recent years, Barbie has faced increasing competition from the Bratz range of dolls.
History
The original Barbie was launched in March 1959Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara at play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors.
During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across German toy doll called Bild Lilli.[1] The adult-figured Lilli doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Die Bild-Zeitung. Lilli was a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.
Upon her return to the United States, Handler reworked the design of the doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan) and the doll was given a new name, Barbie, after Handler's daughter Barbara. The doll made its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York on March 9, 1959. This date is also used as Barbie's official birthday. Mattel acquired the rights to the Bild Lilli doll in 1964 and production of Lilli was stopped. The first Barbie doll wore a black and white zebra striped swimsuit and signature topknot ponytail, and was available as either a blonde or brunette. The doll was marketed as a "Teen-age Fashion Model," with her clothes created by Mattel fashion designer Charlotte Johnson. The first Barbie dolls were manufactured in Japan, with their clothes hand-stitched by Japanese homeworkers. Around 350,000 Barbie dolls were sold during the first year of production.
Ruth Handler believed that it was important for Barbie to have an adult appearance, and early market research showed that some parents were unhappy about the doll's chest, which had distinct breasts. Barbie's appearance has been changed many times, most notably in 1971 when the doll's eyes were adjusted to look forwards rather than having the demure sideways glance of the original model.
Barbie was one of the first toys to have a marketing strategy based extensively on television advertising, which has been copied widely by other toys. It is estimated that over a billion Barbie dolls have been sold worldwide in over 150 countries, with Mattel claiming that three Barbie dolls are sold every second.[2]
The standard range of Barbie dolls and related accessories are manufactured to approximately 1/6th scale, which is also known as playscale.[3] Barbie products include not only the range of dolls with their clothes and accessories, but also a huge range of Barbie branded goods such as books, fashion items and video games. Barbie has appeared in a series of animated films and makes a brief guest appearance in the 1999 film Toy Story 2.
Almost uniquely for a toy fashion doll, Barbie has become a cultural icon and has been given honors that are rare in the toy world. In 1974 a section of Times Square in New York City was renamed Barbie Boulevard for a week, while in 1985 the artist Andy Warhol created a painting of Barbie.[4][5]
Biography Barbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. In a series of novels published by Random House in the 1960s, her parents' names are given as George and Margaret Roberts from the fictional town of Willows, Wisconsin. Barbie has been said to attend Willows High School and Manhattan International High School in New York City, based on the real-life Stuyvesant High School. She has an on-off romantic relationship with her beau Ken (Ken Carson), who first appeared in 1961. Like Barbie, Ken shares his name with one of Ruth Handler's children. A news release from Mattel in February 2004 announced that Barbie and Ken had decided to split up, but in February 2006 they were back together again.[6][7]
Barbie has had over forty pets including cats and dogs, horses, a panda, a lion cub, and a zebra. She has owned a wide range of vehicles, including pink convertibles, trailers and jeeps. She also holds a pilot's license, and operates commercial airliners in addition to serving as a flight attendant. Barbie's careers are designed to show that women can take on a variety of roles in life, and the doll has been sold with a wide range of titles including Miss Astronaut Barbie (1965), Doctor Barbie (1988) and Nascar Barbie (1998).[8]
Mattel has created a range of companions for Barbie, including Hispanic Teresa, Midge, African American Christie and Steven (Christie's boyfriend). Barbie's siblings and cousins were also created including Skipper, Tutti (Todd's twin sister), Todd (Tutti's and Stacie's twin brother), Stacie (Todd's twin sister), Kelly, Krissy, Francie, and Jazzie. For more details, see the List of Barbie's friends and family.
missions Malaysia are to move the economy up the value chain, to raise capacity for knowledge and innovation and nurture first class, to address persistent socio-economy inequalities constructively, to improve the standard and sustainability of quality of life, to strengthen the institution and implementation.
visions Malaysia are to form a nation that stands as one, to produce a Malaysian community that has freedom, strength, full of self confidence, to develop mature democratic community, to form a community that has high morale, ethics and religious strength, to cultivate a community that is matured and tolerant, to form a progressive science community, to cultivate a community rich in values and loving culture, to ensure the formation of a community with a fair economy, and to cultivate a prosperous community.
so, we must proud to be Malaysian that have leader such Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad. He always wants to give us the best and ensure that our country stands with another country.
Happy National Day-51th.. Congratulation... _husnul_
This article is about religious observances during the month of Ramadan. For the actual calendar month, see Ramadan (calendar month).
Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان, Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, believed to be the month in which the Qur'an was revealed to Angel Gabriel, who later revealed it to the Prophet Muhammad. It is the Islamic month of fasting (sawm), in which participating Muslims do not eat or drink anything from dawn until sunset. Fasting is meant to teach the person patience, sacrifice and humility. Ramadan is a time to fast for the sake of God, and to offer even more prayer than usual. In Ramadan Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance into the future, ask for help in refrain from everyday evils and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds. Name origin
The name "Ramadan" is the name of the ninth month; the word itself derived from an Arabic word *rmd as in "ramida" or "ar-ramad" denoting intense heat, scorched ground, and shortness of rations. It is considered the most venerated and blessed month of the Islamic year. Prayers, sawm (fasting), charity, and self-accountability are especially stressed at this time; religious observances associated with Ramadan are kept throughout the month.
Laylat al-Qadr, which is thought most probable to occur during an odd night in the last 10 days of Ramadan, so it might be the 21, 23, 25, 27, or the 29 of Ramadan, is considered the most holy night of the year. It is the night in which the Quran was sent down to Muhammad. Ramadan ends with the holiday Eid ul-Fitr, on which feasts are held. During the month following Ramadan, called Shawwal, Muslims are encouraged to fast for a further six days (known as "El sitta el beyd" or "the white silk."
[edit] Practices during Ramadan
Fasting
Main article: Sawm
The most prominent event of this month is the fasting (sawm) practiced by observant Muslims. Every day during the month of Ramadan Muslims around the world get up before dawn to eat Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, and perform the fajr prayer. They do not eat or drink anything after this prayer is said, until the fourth prayer of the day, Maghrib (sunset), is due. Muslims may continue to eat and drink after the sun has set, until the next morning's fajr prayer.
During Ramadan, Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam and to avoid obscene and irreligious sights and sounds. Sexual thoughts and activities during fasting hours are also forbidden.[Qur'an 2:187] Purity of both thought and action is important. The fast is intended to be an exacting act of deep personal worship in which Muslims seek a raised level of closeness to God Almighty. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the inner soul and free it from harm. Properly observing the fast is supposed to induce a comfortable feeling of peace and calm. It also allows Muslims to practice self-discipline, sacrifice, and sympathy for those who are less fortunate. It is also intended to make Muslims more generous and charitable.
Those with severe health problems related to eating are exempt from fasting. One reason for this could be that lack of food and liquid in these situations could be detrimental to one's health. While fasting is not considered compulsory in childhood,(which ends at puberty), many children endeavour to complete as many fasts as possible as practice for later life.
Many observant Muslims anticipate which part of the sidereal year (as opposed to the Islamic Calendar) Ramadan will fall on. A summer Ramadan requires much longer fasting and shorter overnight periods of recovery than a winter one.
Paradoxically studies have shown that some populations actually gain weight during Ramadan. In their research Frost and Price(2) showed it was due to compensatory increased calorie intake overnight.
Prayer and reading of the Qur'an Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Istanbul in Ramadan (the writing with lights called mahya) Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Istanbul in Ramadan (the writing with lights called mahya) Fanoos Ramadan, Cairo Fanoos Ramadan, Cairo Eid Ul-Fitr meal, Malaysia Eid Ul-Fitr meal, Malaysia
In addition to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Qur'an.
Sunni Muslims tend to perform the recitation of the entire Qur'an by means of special prayers, called Tarawih, which are held in the mosques every night of the month, during which a whole section of the Qur'an (juz, which is 1/30 of the Qur'an) is recited.Therefore the entire Quran would be completed at the end of the month.Tarawih is an Arabic phrase referring to those extra prayers. This prayer is performed after prayer salah of the night Isha'a, but before the witr rakat. Tarawih are not practiced by Shia Muslims.
Muslims also pay Zakat during the month.It is only applicable if one can afford it. For those who qualify to pay Zakaat, as per the Islamic Nisab (that is those whose wealth exceeds their necessities), of the leftover of their wealth earned in that Islamic calendar year. Although Zakat can be paid any time of the year, it has to be calculated on a year to year basis, and many Muslims use Ramadan as the month for calculation and disbursement.
Ramadan is also a time when Muslims are to slow down from worldly affairs and focus on self reformation, spiritual cleansing and enlightenment, establishing a link between God Almighty and themselves by prayer, supplication, charity, good deeds, kindness and helping others.
Since it is a festival of giving and sharing, Muslims prepare special foods and buy gifts for their family and friends and for giving to the poor and needy who cannot afford it; this can involve buying new clothes, shoes and other items of need. There is also a social aspect involved – the preparing of special foods and inviting people for the Iftar meal (the meal to break the Fast).
In many Muslim and non-Muslim countries with large Muslim populations, markets close down in the evening to enable people to perform prayers and consume the Iftar meal (the meal to end the fast) – these markets then re-open and stay open for a good part of the night. Muslims can be seen shopping, eating, spending time with their friends and family during the evening hours. During the whole Ramadan season (about 29 to 30 days) , Muslims will not eat or drink from the brink of dawn (about 1 hour and 20 minutes before sunrise) until sunset.
Events of Ramadan
Laylat al-Qadr (Arabic: لیلة القدر) literally the "Night of Decrees" or "Night of Measures", is the anniversary of two very important dates in Islam that occurred in the month of Ramadan.[citation needed] Muslims believe that it was the night in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that any acts of worship undertaken on this night are rewarded in multiple thousands in comparison to the same act of worship done on any other day. There are two schools of thought on date of this event. Some Muslims are of the opinion that it lands on the 27th night of Ramadan while others believe that it may be any one of the last odd nights.
The Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر) marks the end of the fasting period of Ramadan and the first day of the following month, after another new moon has been sighted. The Eid falls after 29 or 30 days of fasting, as per the lunar sighting. Eid ul-Fitr means the Festival of Breaking the Fast; a special celebration is made. Food is donated to the poor (‘Zakat al-Fitr’), everyone puts on their best, preferably new, clothes, and communal prayers are held in the early morning, followed by feasting and visiting relatives and friends. The prayer is two rakaahs only, and it is an optional prayer as opposed to the compulsory five daily prayers.
Muslims are encouraged to fast six days in Shawwal, the month following Ramadan that begins after Eid ul-Fitr; these days need not be consecutive.[1] According to hadith, one who fasts the month of Ramadan and six days during Shawwal will be rewarded as though he fasted the entire year.
Hai everybody i would like to share about an article from Reader's Digest entitled CHOCTALK.....
The impact of chocolate's luxurious taste on the senses has been compared to the feeling of falling in love..
'Chocolate as Meditation' Studies has shown that chocolate triggers the release of feel-good endorphins(natural opiates) in the brain. Researchers at Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, California, have been reported that chocolate contains pharmacologically active substances that have the same effect on the brain as marijuana. Chocolate also contain caffeine,theobromine(a mild stimulant) and phenylethylamine, which can raise levels of endorphins...
'Chocolate as a Health a Food' Chocolate contains very high levels of catechins-compounds that act as antioxidants. Chocolate is a significant source of essential nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, niacin and riboflavin...
'Limit your Intake' Chocolate can be included in a healthy diet, as long as you are active and are having plenty of fruit and vegetables. To obtain the benefits without adding too much fat to your diet, limit yourself to 25g a day-and savour the flavour. The dark variety has the highest cocoa content.Look for at least 70% cocoa solids...
Hai i would like to share about an article from Reader's Digest entitled ALL THAT NOISE...
NOISE is also a form of pollution, not unlike smog, exhaust smoke and trash in the water system. BEING A TYPICAL TEENAGER, i can almost feel my own ears deafening as i blast punk music on my head-phone. Then again, it really doesn't take much to damage one's hearing over time. In our everyday lives, from workplace banter to daily use of mobile phones to loud traffic honking, all that noise contributes to the speedy deterioration of one's hearing....
Top ten so-called diet faux pas that I read from an article:
some of diet that can be followed but there are some of them might effect our health..these are the diet that you should avoid..
10. Drinking my calories. Something tells me that the smoothies I've come to depend on during the summer months for cool portable meals are not contributing to an unhealthy lifestyle.
9. Eating dinner in front of the television. I was considering spending a nice evening at home, eating dinner and talking to the imaginary family of five I have, but they were watching TV too and asked that I please shut up.
8. Preferring the treadmill to the great outdoors. The benefits of outdoor running are touted everywhere, but uh, it's not air conditioned outside, and it's hot out, and there's no TV floating in front of me to distract me from the fact that I am running.
7. Actually putting the salad dressing on my salad. I like food to be easy. I really don't want to have to spend my mealtime creating some sort of salad dressing dipping dance. But if it will make the diet gods happy, I promise I will use good fats in my salad dressing.
6. Thinking coconut water is nasty. Okay, so this stuff is nature's Gatorade, or whatever, but as far as I'm concerned, it tastes like dirty gym sock water. I'm way keener on the chocolate-milk-as-thirst-quencher idea. 5. Eating my food on normal-sized plates. It's just so sad...a wee little meal. I want to look at my food and think, this is going to nourish me, not I'm going to starve to death. If I want to utilize my salad plates, I'll eat a salad.
4. Salt. Apparently salt makes you retain water and is therefore evil. But wait, aren't we comprised of 61.8% water? What's amazing about the human body is that it totally knows how to regulate itself and water retention is generally short lived due to our handy-dandy excretory system. Nature, you so crazy; I think I wanna have yo baby.
3. Egg Yolks. I eat them. They taste good. The yolk is actually where most of the nutrients in the egg are. The vitamins choline and boitin are found in egg yolks and are vital in maintaining neurotransmitter health, which helps you concentrate and can actually help regulate cholesterol. So there.
2. Eating lunch during my lunch break. Yes, I could use this one hour break I have during the day to burn a couple hundred calories on a stroll around the city but I'd rather use it to EAT MY LUNCH.
1. Carbohydrates. When did carbs become the Darth Vader of food? Carbs are great. Carbs release serotonin into your blood stream: carbs are nature's happy pill.
I don't know who Harvey Steiman is, but apparently he said, "Everything in moderation--including moderation," and that's pretty much how I feel about diet advice. There's validity in everything, but all advice should be taken with a grain of salt, and without fear of bloating.
8 hours per day is enough for a person to sleep... our sleeping time is between 10pm to 6am.. at 1am to 3am,our body transpiration work when we r sleeping..some of the student,worker they sleep at very late then will have some problem when they old.. and some of the people can sleeping in a very long time..can sleep twelve hours per days..they no need to do anything in their life n juz sleep..their life are no meaningful at all..beside this some of the people who work at night,their life is opposite with a normal people..when we sleep they work but when we sleep then they work..actually is also no good for our health... As conclusion,every day we need arranged the time to sleep...at least 8 hours per day..it can make us everyday in a health look..
I have read an article about a survey conducted by the Hygiene Council,a global panel of medical experts, found that Malaysian house is among the dirtiest right after India and Malaysian kitchens were more bacteria-infested than bathrooms among seven countries-United Kingdom, United States, Germany, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, India and Malaysia.
SO,is it better for us Malaysian to cook in the toilet????
As a Malaysian we have to do something with our hygiene as we don't wish foreigner to think that we are very dirty and will spoil our country's good name. And what is more important is in 1900 microorganisms were the number one killer of men worldwide!!!
so,dear friends...let us keep our homes clean especially in this period without cleaner!!!!
I read about our politic today in the local paper. From the article, I was realized that there are so many problem occurred among our leader, such as bribe or corruption. So many ways had been tried by the government to solve this problem as the problem haunting us everyday and to be honest, our country's future are seem s to be worst if the leader today still keep continue those bad attitude. I hope someday there will be a efficient way to overcome this problem.
Last week i already read about the price of petrol in world,as oil prices reached an all-time high, experts forecast the cost of petrol could hit an average of £1.21 per litre within months.Over the next two years it could even climb as high as £1.46, they said.Petrol currently costs an average of £1.13 per litre following a month of almost daily price rises.There is already anecdotal evidence that motorists are "downsizing" their vehicles because fuel costs for family cars are now so high. Some face bills of more than £70 when filling up popular saloons and there is little prospect of price cuts.Ministers are also facing a wave of disruptive fuel protests organised by hauliers struggling to cope with the rising cost of diesel.Around 260 petrol stations, many in far-flung parts of Scotland and Wales, have already broken through the £6-a-gallon (£1.31-a-litre) barrier for diesel.Yesterday, oil hit a new record high of more than $130 a barrel – almost double the cost last year. It has risen sixfold since 2002 and the recent increase is thought to be the biggest since the oil crisis of the 1970s.However, future prices of oil, which are usually lower than current prices, have also hit a record high of $140 a barrel. This is the price being paid for oil to be delivered in months or even several years' time, up to 2016.Goldman Sachs, one of the world's most influential investment banks, is advising its clients – including airlines and haulage firms – to buy oil supplies now for delivery as far ahead as eight years to insulate themselves from further increases.This move has led to the warning that petrol prices will stay at record levels for much of the next decade.Some City experts, including Goldman Sachs, believe that there will be a major shortage of oil over the next 10 years which could see the price soar to $200 a barrel.Last night Edmund King, the president of the AA, said the Government urgently needed to address the problem by scrapping future motoring tax rises."For the consumer it is very worrying that you have got financiers taking a punt on the price of oil which then becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy," he said."This is now affecting the daily lives of millions of people and ministers should be looking at a range of options to deal with the rising cost of petrol."According to an analysis by the accountants Grant Thornton, if oil prices hit $140 a barrel the average cost of a litre of petrol would rise from £1.13 to £1.21. In the event of oil costing $200 a barrel, petrol could cost £1.46 a litre.Economists blame the sharp increases on growing demand for oil in developing countries such as India and China which is not being met by rising production. It is also alleged that speculators have been buying up oil in an attempt to make a quick profit at the expense of motorists.Kevin Norrish, a commodities analyst at Barclays Capital, said: "I've never witnessed anything like it before. The only thing that seems instantly comparable is the first Gulf war in 1991 when prices fell sharply after the US invasion; this move is on a par with that, but in the opposite direction."Our long-term forecast had been for oil to rise to $137 a barrel but we didn't expect it to get there quite so soon."Earlier this month The Daily Telegraph launched a campaign calling on the Government to offer drivers a fairer deal by scrapping planned tax increases.Alistair Darling, the Chancellor, is planning to bring in a 2p rise in fuel duty this autumn and an increase in vehicle excise duty next year, which means some popular family cars will see their road tax bills double.However, the Treasury will pick up a windfall of more than £1 billion from the higher oil price and is now under pressure to abandon the tax rises. From this article,i like to say that we must know how to budget our money and know how to spent it in right way so that we can manage our life properly in today's situation.
Last 2 days,i already read about the using of cell phone and their technology,the article said"Telephone users are teleological or future-oriented — temporarily apart, anticipatory, they articulate and appropriate meaning. Often, gender and generational cultures are held to differ in their accessing of phone formats and functions (call, data download, email, internet, multimedia and short message services). Drawing upon hermeneutic theory of understanding, the article argues that despite this diversity, there are four underlying universal cognitive moments characterizing the process of receiving and responding to handphone content: (1) perceiving and simultaneously (2) projecting potential narrative; (3) producing a coherent call, message or text; and (4) positioning the significance of cellphone meaning for a life-world. Referring to this fourfold ludology of immersion and inferring content allows us to consider in conceptual detail Malaysian corporate and consumer narratives of employing handphone technology. Philosophically grounded theory shows how culturally concrete experiences of cellphone use during work and leisure instantiate abstract patterns of understanding in reception and response."So,from this article,we can know more about the technology of the cell phone and we can used this technology in easy way..
This article is about the musical genre. For the 1982 Venom album, see Black MetalBlack metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, double-kick drumming, and unconventional song structure.
During the first half of the 1980s, certain thrash metal bands established a prototype for black metal. This First Wave includes bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost.[1] A Second Wave emerged in the early 1990s, which consisted primarily of Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Burzum, Darkthrone, Immortal and Emperor. This scene developed the black metal style into a distinct genre.
Black metal has been met with considerable hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the misanthropic and anti-Christian ideology of many bands. Additionally, some musicians have been associated with church burnings, murder and/or National Socialism.[2] For these reasons and others, black metal is often viewed as an underground form of music (album).
MY COMMENT Black metal mucis is a hard music in fast tempos,shrieked vocals,highly guitar and unconventional song structures .It considerable hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the misanthropic and anti-Christian ideology of many bands....and for this reason ,it's alwayss called as underground music bands.
Chewing gum is available in a wide variety of flavors, including mint, wintergreen, cinnamon and various types of fruit. Mintier flavors are often chewed for fresher breath. There is no standard type of gum, as it can be formed in many different shapes and sizes. Some examples include:
-Ball gum - shaped like a ball and coated. These are most often sold in gum ball machines. In the United Kingdom, these are often referred to as 'Screwballs', as they are found at the bottom of a 'Screwball' ice cream treat. In the US, they are known as "gum balls". -Bubble gum - formulated with film-forming characteristics for blowing bubbles. -Sugarfree gum - made with artificial sweeteners. -Candy & Gum combinations - predominantly bubble gum found in the end of some types of lollipop, such as Charms Blow Pops. -Center-filled gum - milk and candy- a colloquialism for candy-coated chewing gum. -Cut & Wrap gum - refers to the name of the machine that wraps this type of gum, usually in the form of a chunk, cube or cylindrical shape. -Dragée gum - a pillow-shaped coated pellet, often packed in blister packs. -Functional gum - a chewing gum with a practical function. Zoft Gum, for example, specializes in herbal chewing gum products using gum as the delivery system for vitamins, minerals and other stuffs. -Medicated gum - a chewing gum acting as a delivery system to introduce medicinal substances into the saliva and thus into the bloodstream faster than pills. -Powdered gum - free-flowing powder form or powders compressed into unique shapes. -Stick gum - a thin, flat slab of gum. -Ribbon gum - very similar to stick gum in shape, but much longer, coiled up in a cylindrical container often shaped like a hockey puck. The chewer tears off a piece of the desired size. (See Bubble Tape) -Tube gum or Spaghetti gum - very soft bubble gum which can be squeezed from a tube.
Rough (Paddy) Rice Kernels still within the hull. Before the rice can be packaged or cooked, the outer hull or husk must be removed.
Brown Rice Kernels of rice from which only the hull has been removed. Brown rice may be eaten as is or milled into white rice. Cooked brown rice has a slightly chewy texture and a nut-like flavor. The light brown color of brown rice is caused by the presence of bran layers which are rich in minerals and vitamins, especially the B-complex group.
Regular Milled White Rice Regular-milled white rice, often referred to as “white” or “polished” rice is the most common form of rice. The outer husk is removed, and the layers of bran are milled until the grain is white.
Parboiled Rice Rough rice that has gone through a steam-pressure process before milling. This procedure gelatinizes the starch in the grain, and ensures a firmer, more separate grain. Parboiled rice is favored by consumers and chefs who desire an extra fluffy and separate cooked rice.
Precooked Rice White or brown rice that has been completely cooked and dehydrated after milling. This process reduces time required for cooking.
ypically, guys like fights when they're at a hockey game, or watching reality TV. But guys don't particularly like fights when they happen in relationships.
We shy away from confrontation for several reasons: first, men win arguments with women about as often as Dennis Kucinich wins presidential primaries.
Second, we don't have that much we want to argue about. When Rodney King asked, "Can't we all just get along?" there were millions of guys nodding their heads, asking the same thing. For the vast majority of guys, fighting is failure, and quite possibly a violation of local noise ordinances.
We may have a few little things to quibble about (Where in the world did you put my Strokes concert T-shirt?), but for the most part, we'll do anything to avoid conflict, especially these types of conflict:
The "Blackberry" Fight
You look at it too much. Does that thing always have to be on? You work way too much! You're right, you're right, and you're right. When a man's work is pitted against his relationship for time and attention, he can feel utterly conflicted.
Many men feel an intense pressure to succeed, to be the one who's counted on, to be hardwired into whatever's happening, even if it's not much. And when you tell him that he should feel that way about you rather than the job, he retreats.
That's because he'd rather make a choice between right and wrong than the choice you're asking him to make: The choice between two things that are both important, but vastly different.
The "Ex" Fight
You want to know what she's like, what she does, why your man was into her, and why they broke up. Him? He wants to stay as tight-lipped as the CIA's man in Moscow.
Which only fuels the speculation - she must've been great, she must've broken up with him, she must've been the love of his life. The truth may be none of those things, but he wants to reveal as little as possible because there's no upside.
If he recalls any positives about her, he's afraid you'll compare, and think poorly of yourself. If he says nasty things about his ex, he loses two ways: you'll think badly of him for unchivalrous behavior, and wonder why he was with such a no-good girlfriend in the first place.
The "Finale" Fight
When a break-up is inevitable, a guy doesn't want to go out with shouts, insults, crying, and random appliance tossing. Even though this relationship may have not worked out entirely the way either of you had pictured, he doesn't want it to end badly.
Why? Because there's a big part of him that cares very much about his rep; he doesn't want to be perceived as a bad guy, or a mean one, or some jerk who deserves to be hit by the cross-town bus next time he crosses the street.
Even if he wants an ending, he doesn't want it to be a bad one - which is why many breakup-minded men try to make a soft landing back in the singles world: Slowly, gently, and perhaps unfairly as well.
The "Wedding" Fights
Not the wedding fight, as in whether or not to have one. But fights, as in plural, the kind that happen between the first ring he puts on your finger, and the second. He knows you want him involved in all the decisions big (who to invite) and small (what style napkins). He knows that "It's up to you" is usually one of the "Five Things You Should Never Say to a Woman," as this article artfully instructs (hint: make sure he reads and heeds it!).
But in this case, his acquiescence isn't because he's uninterested; it's because he respects that this is your (and possibly your mother's) big day, so enjoy it, do what you want, and don't get mad because he won't tell you if he prefers the butter cream icing or the marzipan.
As for other kinds of fights, here's a great list of common face-offs and how men will try to defuse them. See if you recognize any of his tactics.
Hai, i would like to share an article from internet: http://landing.netmyne.com.index. carrot&code=&mode=search... This article is about "The nutrition of carrot"
Carrots are nutritional heroes, they store a goldmine of nutrients. No other vegetable or fruit contains as much carotene as carrots, which the body converts to vitamin A. This is a truly versatile vegetable and an excellent source of vitamins B and C as well as calcium pectate, an extraordinary pectin fibre that has been found to have cholesterol-lowering properties. The carrot is an herbaceous plant containing about 87% water, rich in mineral salts and vitamins (B,C,D,E). Raw carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A and potassium; they contain vitamin C, vitamin B6, thiamine, folic acid, and magnesium. Cooked carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A, a good source of potassium, and contain vitamin B6, copper, folic acid, and magnesium. The high level of beta-carotene is very important and gives carrots their distinctive orange colour. Carrots also contain, in smaller amounts, essential oils, carbohydrates and nitrogenous composites. They are well-known for their sweetening, antianaemic, healing, diuretic, remineralizing and sedative properties. In order to assimilate the greatest quantity of the nutrients present in carrots, it is important to chew them well - they are the exception to the rule - they are more nutritious cooked than raw.
My Comment; CARROT mmmmmm is a nutritious vegetables..Carrot have many important vitamins and minerals. Carrot mainly contain vitamin A that helps to improve our vision. Moreover it also plays a big role in protecting as well as nourishing the skin..so guys to have a smooth skin, all of you must start to eat carrot regularly. Besides carrot contain a form of calcium which easily absorbed by the body..Finally I hope that all of you gain information from this article.
Hello… here is the synopsis of the novel `Silent sisters`
Jenny Tomlin and Kim Challinor had a brutal childhood, growing up in a house where no one was safe and violent beatings and sexual abuse were part of daily life. these are the two silent sisters who i admire when i read the 'silent sister' novel written by themselves. This is a true story where two sisters who shared a nightmare and survived. bothe girls escaped the family home as soon as possible but in a sickening pattern of violence. jenny went on to suffer unimaginable degradations at the hands of her violent partner and kim had cope with the agony of watching history repeat itself. through all the horror, what kept the sister going was the extraordinarilly powerful bond between the two of them, which has survived terrifying pain and given them the strength to thriumph over the past. This is a profoundly courageous tale of the strength of the human spirit and the redemptive power of love. everyone if got chance must read this superb novel to gain some experience of a tough life gone through by the two sisters.
My legend Do you know a person who got the principles : TRUTH SIMPLICITY NON-VIOLENCE VEGETARIANISM BRAHMACHARYA & FAITH Well, this is the one person who I admire the most and wanted him to be my lifetime legend … Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Some of many things that I love about this honourable man is : - Gandhi practiced non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same. - He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha. - He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and social protest. I am really proud to have MAHATMA GANDHI as my lifetime legend.
hello… this is an article of the benefit of jogging in the website of http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Benefits-Of-Jogging&id=588626
There are actually so many benefits to jogging that it would be impossible to list them all. At the top of the list would have to be how great jogging is for losing weight. Now, let me say right off, if you are obese, jogging is something that you want to do slowly as it can be very taxing on an extremely overweight person. But there is no better way, over time, to lose those pounds than with a good two mile jog in the park. If you're first starting out, try a mile or even a half mile. Start slow, but get started. Another benefit to jogging is that is tones the muscles and bones. This is critical in preventing muscle and bone loss. You will find very few joggers who end up suffering from osteoporosis later on in life. Then of course there are the cardiovascular benefits from jogging. A good jog really gets the heart pumping and the blood flowing. You won't find too many people who jog dying from heart disease or stroke. The circulatory systems are usually in tip-top shape. But the one benefit of jogging that most people are totally unaware of is the mental benefit. Studies have shown conclusively that people who jog simply have a better outlook on life and are generally a lot happier. A lot of it has to do with the great feeling you get from getting out there and running a couple of miles. It's the sense of accomplishment that makes people feel good. I personally know that after I'm done with my morning jog (1 mile everyday) I feel like a new person. And when I can't jog outside due to the weather, I hit the treadmill downstairs and really ramp it up.
Comment: Based on the above article, the are many benefit of jogging. One of the benefit is loss weight. To reduce weight, a person should jog atleast 2 mile per day. Other than that jogging able to tones the muscle and bones. This can avoid from the disease of osteoporosis. Jogging also can benefit cardiovascular and ensure the circular system at a good stage. The last benefit of jogging is mental relaxness. Each person that used to jog always look happy and having a dignity life… thanks…
Futsal is an indoor version of association football. Its name is derived from the Portuguese futebol de salão and the Spanish fútbol sala/de salón, which can be translated as 'indoor football'. Futsal is played between two teams of five players, one of whom is the goalkeeper, and up to seven substitutes per team. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller ball with less bounce than a regulation football.[1] The rules create an emphasis on improvisation, creativity and technique as well as ball control and passing in small spaces.[2] Other forms of indoor football games, which are played by somewhat different rules, exist and may be referred to as indoor football, five-a-side football or indoor soccer. Many of these codes predate FIFA's adoption and endorsement of futsal rules; the American indoor soccer variant, with a regulation-sized ball, larger artificial turf-covered court, and walls off which the ball may be rebounded, has sustained professional leagues in that country for over thirty years.
Fashion Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine, literature, art, architecture, and general comportment) that are popular in a culture at any given time. Such styles may change quickly, and "fashion" in the more colloquial sense refers to the latest version of these styles. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole. The terms "fashionable" and "unfashionable" are employed to describe whether someone or something fits in with the current or even not so current, popular mode of expression. The term "fashion" is frequently used in a positive sense, as a synonym for glamour, beauty and style. In this sense, fashions are a sort of communal art, through which a culture examines its notions of beauty and goodness. The term "fashion" is also sometimes used in a negative sense, as a synonym for fads and trends, and materialism. A number of cities are recognized as global fashion centers and are recognized for their fashion weeks, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. These cities are Paris, Milan, New York City, and London. Other cities, mainly Los Angeles, Berlin, Tokyo, Rome, Miami, Hong Kong, São Paulo, Sydney, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Madrid, Montreal, Mumbai, Vienna, Auckland, Moscow, New Delhi , San Juan, Dubai and Dallas also hold fashion weeks and are better recognized every year
Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with low quality preparation and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam-Webster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. The capital requirements involved in opening up a fast food restaurant are relatively low. Smaller, individually-owned fast food restaurants are becoming much more common throughout the world. Restaurants with much higher sit-in ratios, where customers tend to sit and have their orders brought to them in a seemingly more upscale atmosphere, are known as fast casual restaurants
Life in the 90's can be stressful. Doctors are seeing more and more people suffering from stress-related symptoms. These include worsening relationships with people, breathlessness, weight loss or comfort-eating, lack of sleep, and depression.
Stress can start, or make worse, many physical illnesses. One of the main reasons for stress is work and work-related problems. People are often pressured into working harder, and for longer hours. But stress can also result from studying at school or college, or from any difficult situation. How to beat stress
Not always easy! As with any other problem, it is important to find someone to talk to. If the symptoms are bad, then you should get help as quickly as possible from a doctor, health professional or other advisor. But there is a lot you can do yourself: 1) Sit down with a friend if you can, and talk about the problem. Find out what things in your work or life are causing stress. Even just talking to someone can bring relief from stress. It will help you to see the picture more clearly if you write a list of all the things that seem to be problems. Are there ways of removing any of these problem areas from your life? 2) Consider - are there responsibilities in your work or life, which you do not need to have, and can be laid down? Are you the sort of person who takes on more things than you should? 3) Can you work out better ways of handling stressful things in your life? Perhaps they are not as important as they seem? Perhaps it is your reaction to the things that is the problem, not the things themselves? 5) These things seem bigger than they really are, but it may be possible to work out ways of keeping them to their real size. 6) Learn to find ways of relaxing and thinking of other things.
Work tips Learn to make priorities (ie to put the most important things first) How? At the beginning of the day, write down everything you plan to do that day, on a piece of paper, a "TO DO"list. List the jobs according to importance.
1. "A" must be done today. 2. "B" can be left until tomorrow. 3. "C" can be left for some days. 4. "D" is it really necessary?
Then carry out the tasks according to your list of importance, with "A" tasks being done immediately. At the end of the day, don't worry about things that have not been done. Write them down on the list for the next day, perhaps giving them a different priority. Then forget them till the next day! (This little idea is so effective that many businesses pay big money to Work Advice Companies, who suggested this as a way of improving efficiency!)
# Remember you are not perfect - you will always make mistakes
# Learn to say 'no' politely to extra work
# Always take time for a proper meal break. Maybe it will help to take a quiet meal break away from everyone else.
# Don't leave things till the last minute. Allow spare time for travel, for appointments, for the unexpected.
# Don't drive yourself hard all the time. No one is Superman or Superwoman. Everybody has a breaking point. Recognise where yours is. If it is less than for other people in your place of work, don't worry. You must not always try to live up to what others expect of you, or even what you demand from yourself. You can only do your own best.
What else?
* Learn to relax at home - do things you enjoy. Take time out to do other relaxing things or hobbies. Take days off, and go somewhere completely different.
* Get plenty of exercise - our bodies are made to be used. If your job keeps you always sitting in one place, you must get your blood circulating another way! And eat a good balanced mixture of healthy food, with plenty of fruit, fibre, and green vegetables.
* Get involved in helping other people - this always brings our own problems down to their proper size.
* Don't hold a hard feeling or resentment against anyone at work, in your family, or anywhere else. It will always damage you, and cause extra stress. Find a way quickly to forgive them, and sort out the differences.
* As a father told his son, "If you would only realise and accept the fact that life is a struggle, things would be so much easier for you." You cannot change some things! Learning to live with, and get on top of, struggles, is what helps us to grow and mature.
Is there more? Yes. You no longer need to fight these battles on your own. It is possible to find a new strength for living, and a whole new way of looking at life. We have found that God can be a personal friend, who can lead us through these difficult times.
He promises us a special peace of mind, which cannot be found anywhere else.
You don't need to be alone any more!
Note that other sections on the problem page may also help you.
Samaritans and Befrienders offices around the world, offer a telephone advice service. Look in your phone book under 'Crisis'. You can also contact them by email at Samaritans.org in UK, and Befrienders in many countries around the world. They are completely confidential - they will never tell anyone else what you have shared with them They say, "Whatever you are going through, we will go through it with you."
Even if you do not live in a country where English is a primary language, you can take advantage of many opportunities to practice reading in English. As you progress with your studies, you will come to appreciate the richness and variety of styles that individuals will use to express themselves. As with your own language, you are likely to find that you will prefer the way one author writes over others. By taking advantage of a wide variety of sources, you will also gain some insight into the boundaries that define expression of thoughts and concepts. Reading Classic Books Online
If you have never had a chance to read the works of Dickens, Poe, or other classical English writers, you can find some of their works for free online. Among other things, you can download entire novels from Project Gutenberg. You may also want to browse the internet and look for critical reviews of classical materials. This will help give you some insight into the materials you have just read, and also provide an opportunity to see if others interpret the materials in the same way. Purchasing Books on Topics of Interest
If you are not interested in classical literature, perhaps it does not make much sense to force yourself to read these materials. Fortunately, there are millions of books written in English. As an example, if you enjoy water color painting, you may want to purchase a book about it written in English. In many cases, you will be able to locate and purchase books for just a few cents per book. Subscribe to Internet Newsletters
Chances are, if there is a hobby you are interested in, there are authors writing newsletters about it in English. If you search the web, it should be fairly easy to locate websites that sponsor free newsletters. These newsletters are ideal, in part because they provide you with fresh and contemporary reading materials. In addition, because they are about a topic that you already know something about, you will be able to appreciate the information that is shared, as well as practice your reading skills. Read News Articles in English
Unlike years ago, you can have access to news in English whenever you want. If you are interested in particular area of the world, you may even want to dedicate your reading time to those sections of the news. In most cases, you can find free news resources on the internet. These may also be an excellent place for you to find the names of other websites that have additional information that you might be interested in.
Over the years, the internet has created a tremendous amount of access to materials written in English. If you want to have fun and improve your reading skills at the same time, these can provide you with hours of interesting materials to practice on. In the process, you may even uncover new information about a hobby, or meet people from around the world that share your interests.
Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection.[1] The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my girlfriend"). This diversity of meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.
As an abstract concept, love usually refers to a deep, ineffable feeling of tenderly caring for another person. Even this limited conception of love, however, encompasses a wealth of different feelings, from the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love to the nonsexual emotional closeness of familial and Platonic love[2] to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love.[3] Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts. Definitions Look up love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.The English word love can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Often, other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts which English relies mainly on love to encapsulate; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love". Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus make it doubly difficult to establish any universal definition.[4]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't "love". As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like), love is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is commonly contrasted with friendship, though other definitions of the word love may be applied to close friendships in certain contexts.
When discussed in the abstract, love usually refers to interpersonal love, an experience felt by a person for another person. Love often involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing, including oneself (cf. narcissism).
In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, though the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry.[5]
Because of the complex and abstract nature of love, discourse on love is commonly reduced to a thought-terminating cliché, and there are a number of common proverbs regarding love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All you need is love". Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value", as opposed to relative value. Theologian Thomas Jay Oord said that to love is to "act intentionally, in sympathetic response to others, to promote overall well-being".
Impersonal love A person can be said to love a country, principle, or goal if they value it greatly and are deeply committed to it. Similarly, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be borne not of interpersonal love, but impersonal love coupled with altruism and strong political convictions. People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with that item. If sexual passion is also involved, this condition is called paraphilia.[6]
Interpersonal love
Grandmother and grandchild, Sri LankaInterpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a more potent sentiment than a simple liking for another. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love which are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships. Such love might exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are also a number of psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania.
Throughout history, philosophy and religion have done the most speculation on the phenomenon of love. In the last century, the science of psychology has written a great deal on the subject. In recent years, the sciences of evolutionary psychology, evolutionary biology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have added to the understanding of the nature and function of love.
Chemical basis Main article: Love (scientific views) Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst.[7] Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love, divides the experience of love into three partly-overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust exposes people to others, romantic attraction encourages people to focus their energy on mating, and attachment involves tolerating the spouse long enough to rear a child into infancy.
Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to an individual mate forms. Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain set of chemicals, including pheromones, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which act similar to amphetamines, stimulating the brain's pleasure center and leading to side-effects such as an increased heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and an intense feeling of excitement. Research has indicated that this stage generally lasts from one and a half to three years.[8]
Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding which promotes relationships that last for many years, and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or on mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin than short-term relationships have.[8] In 2005, Italian scientists at Pavia University found that a protein molecule known as the nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year. Specifically, four neurotrophin levels, i.e. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, of 58 subjects who had recently fallen in love were compared with levels in a control group who were either single or already engaged in a long-term relationship. The results showed that NGF levels were significantly higher in the subjects in love than as compared to either of the control groups.[9]
Psychological basis Further information: Human bonding Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love and argued that love has three different components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives. Intimacy is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last and most common form of love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three components. American psychologist Zick Rubin seeks to define love by psychometrics. His work states that three factors constitute love: attachment, caring and intimacy.[10][11]
Following developments in electrical theories, such as Coulomb's law, which showed that positive and negative charges attract, analogs in human life were developed, such as "opposites attract". Over the last century, research on the nature of human mating has generally found this not to be true when it comes to character and personality; people tend to like people similar to themselves. However, in a few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems, it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves (e.g. with an orthogonal immune system), since this will lead to a baby which has the best of both worlds.[12] In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities.
Some Western authorities disaggregate into two main components, the altruistic and the narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck, whose works in the field of applied psychology explored the definitions of love and evil. Peck maintains that love is a combination of the "concern for the spiritual growth of another", and simple narcissism.[13] In combination, love is an activity, not simply a feeling.
Sacred Love Versus Profane Love (1602-1603) by Giovanni Baglione Comparison of scientific models Biological models of love tend to see it as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst.[citation needed] Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. There are probably elements of truth in both views — certainly love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin), neurotrophins (such as NGF), and pheromones, and how people think and behave in love is influenced by their conceptions of love. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major drives in love — sexual attraction and attachment. Attachment between adults is presumed to work on the same principles that lead an infant to become attached to its mother. The traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Passionate love is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate). Companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal.
Studies have shown that brain scans of those infatuated by love display a resemblance to those with a mental illness. Love creates activity in the same area of the brain that hunger, thirst, and drug cravings create activity in. New love, therefore, could possibly be more physical than emotional. Over time, this reaction to love mellows, and different areas of the brain are activated, primarily ones involving long-term commitments. Dr. Andrew Newberg, a neuroscientist, suggests that this reaction to love is so similar to that of drugs because without love, humanity would die out.
Cultural views
Persian Even after all this time
The sun never says to the earth "you owe me".
Look what happens with a Love like that!
- It lights the whole Sky. (Hafiz)
Rumi, Hafez and Sa'di are icons of the passion and love that the Persian culture and language present. The Persian word for love is eshgh, deriving from the Arabic ishq. In the Persian culture, everything is encompassed by love and all is for love, starting from loving friends and family, husbands and wives, and eventually reaching the divine love that is the ultimate goal in life. Over seven centuries ago, Sa'di wrote:
The children of Adam are limbs of each other Having been created of one essence. When the calamity of time afflicts one limb The other limbs cannot remain at rest. If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others You are not worthy to be called by the name of "man".
Chinese and other Sinic cultures
The traditional Chinese character for love (愛) consists of a heart (middle) inside of "accept", "feel", or "perceive", which shows a graceful emotion.In contemporary Chinese language and culture, several terms or root words are used for the concept of "love":
It was the Qing‘s emperor first word of name. Ai (愛) is used as a verb (e.g. Wo ai ni, "I love you") or as a noun, especially in aiqing (愛情), "love" or "romance." In mainland China since 1949, airen (愛人, originally "lover," or more literally, "love person") is the dominant word for "spouse" (with separate terms for "wife" and "husband" originally being de-emphasized); the word once had a negative connotation, which it retains among many on Taiwan. Lian (戀) is not generally used alone, but instead as part of such terms as "being in love" (談戀愛, tan lian'ai—also containing ai), "lover" (戀人, lianren) or "homosexuality" (同性戀, tongxinglian). Qing (情), commonly meaning "feeling" or "emotion," often indicates "love" in several terms. It is contained in the word aiqing (愛情); qingren (情人) is a term for "lover". In Confucianism, lian is a virtuous benevolent love. Lian should be pursued by all human beings, and reflects a moral life. The Chinese philosopher Mozi developed the concept of ai (愛) in reaction to Confucian lian. Ai, in Mohism, is universal love towards all beings, not just towards friends or family, without regard to reciprocation. Extravagance and offensive war are inimical to ai. Although Mozi's thought was influential, the Confucian lian is how most Chinese conceive of love.
Gănqíng (感情), the "feeling" of a relationship, vaguely similar to empathy. A person will express love by building good gănqíng, accomplished through helping or working for another and emotional attachment toward another person or anything.
Yuanfen (緣份) is a connection of bound destinies. A meaningful relationship is often conceived of as dependent strong yuanfen. It is very similar to serendipity. A similar conceptualization in English is, "They were made for each other," "fate," or "destiny".
Zaolian (Simplified: 早恋, Traditional: 早戀, pinyin: zǎoliàn), literally, "early love," is a contemporary term in frequent use for romantic feelings or attachments among children or adolescents. Zaolian describes both relationships among a teenaged boyfriend and girlfriend, as well as the "crushes" of early adolescence or childhood. The concept essentially indicates a prevalent belief in contemporary Chinese culture that due to the demands of their studies (especially true in the highly competitive educational system of China), youth should not form romantic attachments lest their jeopardize their chances for success in the future. Reports have appeared in Chinese newspapers and other media detailing the prevalence of the phenomenon and its perceived dangers to students and the fears of parents.
Japanese In Japanese Buddhism, ai (愛) is passionate caring love, and a fundamental desire. It can develop towards either selfishness or selflessness and enlightenment.
Amae (甘え), a Japanese word meaning "indulgent dependence", is part of the child-rearing culture of Japan. Japanese mothers are expected to hug and indulge their children, and children are expected to reward their mothers by clinging and serving. Some sociologists have suggested that Japanese social interactions in later life are modeled on the mother-child amae.
Ancient Greek Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word love is used. For example, Ancient Greek has the words philia, eros, agape, storge and xenia. However, with Greek as with many other languages, it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo being used with the same meaning as phileo.
Agape (ἀγάπη agápē) means love in modern day Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is the verb I love. It generally refers to a "pure", ideal type of love rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as "love of the soul".
Eros (ἔρως érōs) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word erota means in love. Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty, and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as "love of the body".
Philia (φιλία philía), a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. Can also mean "love of the mind".
Storge (στοργή storgē) is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.
Xenia (ξενία xenía), hospitality, was an extremely important practice in Ancient Greece. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and their guest, who could previously be strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was only expected to repay with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology, in particular Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Turkish (Shaman & Islamic) In Turkish the word "love" comes up with several meanings. A person can love the god, a person, the parents or the family. But that person can "love" just one person from the opposite sex which they call the word "aşk". Aşk is a feeling for to love, as it still is in Turkish today. The Turks used this word just for their romantic loves in a romantic or sexual sense. If a Turk says that he is in love (aşk) with somebody, it is not a love that a person can feel for his or her parents; it is just for one person and it indicates a huge infatuation. The word is also common for Turkic languages, such as Kazakh (ғашық).
Ancient Roman (Latin) The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word 'love'.
Amare is the basic word for to love, as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense, as well as in a romantic or sexual sense. From this verb come amans, a lover, amator, 'professional lover', often with the accessory notion of lechery, and amica, 'girlfriend' in the English sense, often as well being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate 'love affairs' or 'sexual adventures'. This same root also produces amicus, 'friend', and amicitia, 'friendship' (often based on mutual advantage, and corresponding sometimes more closely to 'indebtedness' or 'influence'). Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship (de Amicitia) which discusses the notion at some length. Ovid wrote a guide to dating called Ars Amatoria (The Art of Lovers), which addresses in depth everything from extramarital affairs to overprotective parents.
Complicating the picture somewhat, Latin sometimes uses amare where English would simply say to like; this notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by placere or delectare, which are used more colloquially, and the latter of which is used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus.
Diligere often has the notion 'to be affectionate for', 'to esteem', and rarely if ever is used of romantic love. This word would be appropriate to describe the friendship of two men. The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning 'diligence' 'carefulness' and has little semantic overlap with the verb.
Observare is a synonym for 'diligere'; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun 'observantia' often denote 'esteem' or 'affection'.
Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean 'charitable love'. This meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
Religious views
Christian The Christian understanding is that love comes from God. The love of man and woman, eros in Greek, and the unselfish love of others, agape, are often contrasted as 'ascending' and 'descending' love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing. [14]
There are several Greek words for Love that are regularly referred to in Christian circles.
Agape - In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is parental love seen as creating goodness in the world, it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another. Phileo - Also used in the New Testament, Phileo is a human response to something that is found to be delightful. Also known as "brotherly love". Two other words for love in the Greek language, Eros (sexual love) and Storge (child-to-parent love) were never used in the New Testament. Christians believe that to Love God with all your heart, mind, and strength and Love your neighbor as yourself are the two most important things in life (the greatest commandment of the Jewish Torah, according to Jesus - c.f. Gospel of Mark chapter 12, verses 28-34). Saint Augustine summarized this when he wrote "Love God, and do as thou wilt".
Paul the Apostle glorified love as the most important virtue of all. Describing love in the famous poem in 1 Corinthians he wrote, "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres." - 1 Cor. 13:4-7 (NIV)
John the Apostle wrote, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son." - John 3:16-18 (NIV)
John also wrote, "Dear friends, let us love one another for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." - 1 John 4:7-8 (NIV)
Saint Augustine says that one must be able to decipher the difference between love and lust. Lust, according to Saint Augustine, is an over indulgence, but to love and be loved is what he has sought for his entire life. He even says, “I was in love with love.” Finally, he does fall in love and is loved back, by God. Saint Augustine says the only one who can love you truly and fully is God, because love with a human only allows for flaws such as, “jealousy, suspicion, fear, anger, and contention.” According to Saint Augustine to love God is “to attain the peace which is yours.” (Saint Augustine Confessions)
Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is mirrored in humans and their own loving relationships. Influential Christian theologian C.S. Lewis wrote a book called The Four Loves.
Benedict XVI wrote his first encyclical on God is love. He said that a human being, created in the image of God who is love, is able to practice love: to give himself to God and others (agape), by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation (eros). This life of love, according to him, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and the Blessed Virgin Mary, and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them.[14]
Buddhist In Buddhism, Kāma is sensuous, sexual love. It is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, since it is selfish.
Karuṇā is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. It is complementary to wisdom, and is necessary for enlightenment.
Adveṣa and maitrī are benevolent love. This love is unconditional and requires considerable self-acceptance. This is quite different from ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex, and which rarely occur without self-interest. Instead, in Buddhism it refers to detachment and unselfish interest in others' welfare.
The Bodhisattva ideal in Mahayana Buddhism involves the complete renunciation of oneself in order to take on the burden of a suffering world. The strongest motivation one has in order to take the path of the Bodhisattva is the idea of salvation within unselfish, altruistic love for all sentient beings.
Indic and Hindu In Hinduism kāma is pleasurable, sexual love, personified by the god Kamadeva. For many Hindu schools it is the third end (artha) in life. Kamadeva is often pictured holding a bow of sugarcane and an arrow of flowers: he may ride upon a great parrot. He is usually accompanied by his consort Rati and his companion Vasanta, lord of the spring season. Stone images of Kaama and Rati can be seen on the door of the Chenna Keshava temple at Belur, in Karnataka, India. Maara is another name for kāma.
In contrast to kāma, prema or prem refers to elevated love. Karuna is compassion and mercy, which impels one to help reduce the suffering of others. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term meaning 'loving devotion to the supreme God'. A person who practices bhakti is called a bhakta. Hindu writers, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished nine forms of bhakti which can be found in the Bhagavatha-Purana and works by Tulsidas. The philosophical work Narada Bhakti Sutras written by an unknown author (presumed to be Narada) distinguishes eleven forms of love.
Arabic and Islamic In a sense, love does encompass the Islamic view of life as universal brotherhood which applies to all who hold the faith. There are no direct references stating that God is love, but amongst the 99 names of God (Allah), there is the name Al-Wadud or 'the Loving One', which is found in Surah 11:90 as well as Surah 85:14. It refers to God as being "full of loving kindness". All who hold the faith have God's love, but to what degree or effort he has pleased God depends on the individual itself.
Ishq, or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism. Sufis believe that love is a projection of the essence of God to the universe. God desires to recognize beauty, and as if one looks at a mirror to see oneself, God "looks" at itself within the dynamics of nature. Since everything is a reflection of God, the school of Sufism practices to see the beauty inside the apparently ugly. Sufism is often referred to as the religion of Love. God in Sufism is referred to in three main terms which are the Lover, Loved, and Beloved with the last of these terms being often seen in Sufi poetry. A common viewpoint of Sufism is that through Love humankind can get back to its inherent purity and grace. The saints of Sufism are infamous for being "drunk" due to their Love of God hence the constant reference to wine in Sufi poetry and music.
Jewish In Hebrew Ahava is the most commonly-used term for both interpersonal love and love of God. Other related but dissimilar terms are Chen (grace) and Hesed, which basically combines the meaning of "affection" and "compassion" and is sometimes rendered in English as "loving-kindness".
Judaism employs a wide definition of love, both between people and between man and the Deity. As for the former, the Torah states: "Love your neighbor like yourself" (Leviticus 19:18). As for the latter, one is commanded to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" (Deuteronomy 6:5), taken by the Mishnah (a central text of the Jewish oral law) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all one's possessions and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity (tractate Berachoth 9:5). Rabbinic literature differs how this love can be developed, e.g. by contemplating Divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature.
As for love between marital partners, this is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love" (Ecclesiastes 9:9). The Biblical book Song of Songs is considered a romantically-phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading reads like a love song.
The 20th century Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point-of-view as "giving without expecting to take" (from his Michtav me-Eliyahu, vol. 1). Romantic love per se has few echoes in Jewish literature, although the Medieval Rabbi Judah Halevi wrote romantic poetry in Arabic in his younger years (he appears to have regretted this later).
Turtle Turtles are reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the crown group Chelonia), most of whose body is shielded by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs. The Order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago,[1] making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards and snakes. About 300 species are alive today, and some are highly endangered.
Turtles cannot breathe in water, but they can hold their breath for various periods of time.
Like other reptiles, turtles are "cold-blooded" (or poikilothermic — "of varying temperature"[2]). Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic. Anatomy and morphology
Chelonia mydas in Kona, HawaiiThe largest chelonian is the great leatherback sea turtle, which reaches a shell length of 200 cm (80 inches) and can reach a weight of over 900 kg (2,000 lb, or 1 short ton). Freshwater turtles are generally smaller, but with the largest species, the Asian softshell turtle Pelochelys cantorii, a few individuals have been reported up to 200 cm or 80 in (Das, 1991). This dwarfs even the better-known Alligator Snapping Turtle, the largest chelonian in North America, which attains a shell length of up to 80 cm (31½ in) and a weight of about 60 kg (170 lb).
Giant tortoises of the genera Geochelone, Meiolania, and others were relatively widely distributed around the world into prehistoric times, and are known to have existed in North and South America, Australia, and Africa. They became extinct at the same time as the appearance of man, and it is assumed that humans hunted them for food. The only surviving giant tortoises are on the Seychelles and Galápagos Islands and can grow to over 130 cm (50 in) in length, and weigh about 300 kg (670 lb).[3]
The largest ever chelonian was Archelon ischyros, a Late Cretaceous sea turtle known to have been up to 4.6 m (15 ft) long.[4]
The smallest turtle is the Speckled Padloper Tortoise of South Africa. It measures no more than 8 cm (3 in) in length and weighs about 140 g (5 oz). Two other species of small turtles are the American mud turtles and musk turtles that live in an area that ranges from Canada to South America. The shell length of many species in this group is less than 13 cm (5 in) in length.
Neck folding Turtles are broken down into two groups, according to how they evolved a solution to the problem of withdrawing their neck into their shell (something the ancestral Proganochelys could not do): the Cryptodira, which can draw their neck in while contracting it under their spine; and the Pleurodira, which contract their neck to the side.
Head
Closeup head-on view of a common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), taken near the St. Lawrence River in northern New York State Turtle in the zoo of Sharm el-Sheikh Turtle in the zoo from Czech republic Turtle in the backyard of a Florida Resident.Most turtles that spend most of their life on land have their eyes looking down at objects in front of them. Some aquatic turtles, such as snapping turtles and soft-shelled turtles, have eyes closer to the top of the head. These species of turtles can hide from predators in shallow water where they lie entirely submerged except for their eyes and nostrils. Sea turtles possess glands near their eyes that produce salty tears that rid their body of excess salt taken in from the water they drink.
Turtles are thought to have exceptional night vision due to the unusually large number of rod cells in their retinas. Turtles have color vision with a wealth of cone subtypes with sensitivities ranging from the near Ultraviolet (UV A) to Red. Some land turtles have very poor pursuit movement abilities, which are normally reserved for predators that hunt quick moving prey, but carnivorous turtles are able to move their heads quickly to snap.
Turtles have a rigid beak. Turtles use their jaws to cut and chew food. Instead of teeth, the upper and lower jaws of the turtle are covered by horny ridges. Carnivorous turtles usually have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Herbivorous turtles have serrated-edged ridges that help them cut through tough plants. Turtles use their tongues to swallow food, but they cannot, unlike most reptiles, stick out their tongues to catch food.
Shell The upper shell of the turtle is called the carapace. The lower shell that encases the belly is called the plastron. The carapace and plastron are joined together on the turtle's sides by bony structures called bridges. The inner layer of a turtle's shell is made up of about 60 bones that includes portions of the backbone and the ribs, meaning the turtle cannot crawl out of its shell. In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis. Scutes are made up of a fibrous protein called keratin that also makes up the scales of other reptiles. These scutes overlap the seams between the shell bones and add strength to the shell. Some turtles do not have horny scutes. For example, the leatherback sea turtle and the soft-shelled turtles have shells covered with leathery skin instead.
The shape of the shell gives helpful clues to how the turtle lives. Most tortoises have a large dome-shaped shell that makes it difficult for predators to crush the shell between their jaws. One of the few exceptions is the African pancake tortoise which has a flat, flexible shell that allows it to hide in rock crevices. Most aquatic turtles have flat, streamlined shells which aid in swimming and diving. American snapping turtles and musk turtles have small, cross-shaped plastrons that give them more efficient leg movement for walking along the bottom of ponds and streams.
Baby turtle hiding in its shellThe color of a turtle's shell may vary. Shells are commonly colored brown, black, or olive green. In some species, shells may have red, orange, yellow, or grey markings and these markings are often spots, lines, or irregular blotches. One of the most colorful turtles is the eastern Painted Turtle which includes a yellow plastron and a black or olive shell with red markings around the rim.
Tortoises, being land-based, have rather heavy shells. In contrast, aquatic and soft-shelled turtles have lighter shells that help them avoid sinking in water and swim faster with more agility. These lighter shells have large spaces called fontanelles between the shell bones. The shell of a leatherback turtle is extremely light because they lack scutes and contain many fontanelles.
Skin and molting As mentioned above, the outer layer of the shell is part of the skin, each scute (or plate) on the shell corresponding to a single modified scale. The remainder of the skin is composed of skin with much smaller scales, similar to the skin of other reptiles. Turtles and terrapins do not molt their skins all in one go, as snakes do, but continuously, in small pieces. When kept in aquaria, small sheets of dead skin can be seen in the water (often appearing to be a thin piece of plastic) having been sloughed off when the animal deliberately rubs itself against a piece of wood or stone. Tortoises also shed skin, but a lot of dead skin is allowed to accumulate into thick knobs and plates that provide protection to parts of the body outside the shell.
By counting the rings formed by the stack of smaller, older scutes on top of the larger, newer ones, it is possible to estimate the age of a turtle, if you know how many scutes are produced in a year.[5] This method is not very accurate, partly because growth rate is not constant, but also because some of the scutes eventually fall away from the shell.
Limbs
Two turtles with outstretched limbs beside a Minnesota pond.Terrestrial tortoises have short, sturdy feet. Tortoises are famous for moving slowly, in part because of their heavy, cumbersome shell but also because of the relatively inefficient sprawling gait that they have, with the legs being bent, as with lizards rather than being straight and directly under the body, as is the case with mammals.
The amphibious turtles normally have limbs similar to those of tortoises except that the feet are webbed and often have long claws. These turtles swim using all four feet in a way similar to the dog paddle, with the feet on the left and right side of the body alternately providing thrust. Large turtles tend to swim less than smaller ones, and the very big species, such as alligator snapping turtles, hardly swim at all, preferring to simply walk along the bottom of the river or lake. As well as webbed feet, turtles also have very long claws, used to help them clamber onto riverbanks and floating logs, upon which they like to bask. Male turtles tend to have particularly long claws, and these appear to be used to stimulate the female while mating. While most turtles have webbed feet, some, such as the Pig-nosed Turtle, have true flippers, with the digits being fused into paddles and the claws being relatively small. These species swim in the same way as sea turtles (see below).
Sea turtles are almost entirely aquatic and have flippers instead of feet. Sea turtles "fly" through the water, using the up-and-down motion of the front flippers to generate thrust; the back feet are not used for propulsion but may be used as rudders for steering. Compared with freshwater turtles, sea turtles have very limited mobility on land, and apart from the dash from the nest to the sea as hatchlings, male sea turtles normally never leave the sea. Females must come back onto land to lay eggs. They move very slowly and laboriously, dragging themselves forwards with their flippers. .
Ecology and life history
A turtle hatchling.Although many turtles spend large amounts of their lives underwater, all turtles and tortoises breathe air, and must surface at regular intervals to refill their lungs. They can also spend much of their lives on dry land. Aquatic respiration in Australian freshwater turtles is currently being studied. Some species have large cloacal cavities that are lined with many finger-like projections. These projections, called "papillae", have a rich blood supply, and increase the surface area of the cloaca. The turtles can take up dissolved oxygen from the water using these papillae, in much the same way that fish use gills to respire.
Turtles lay eggs, like other reptiles, which are slightly soft and leathery. The eggs of the largest species are spherical, while the eggs of the rest are elongated. Their albumen is white and contains a different protein than bird eggs, such that it will not coagulate when cooked. Turtle eggs prepared to eat consist mainly of yolk. In some species, temperature determines whether an egg develops into a male or a female: a higher temperature causes a female, a lower temperature causes a male. Large numbers of eggs are deposited in holes dug into mud or sand. They are then covered and left to incubate by themselves. When the turtles hatch, they squirm their way to the surface and head toward the water. There are no known species in which the mother cares for the young.
Sea turtles lay their eggs on dry, sandy beaches. Immature sea turtles are not cared for by the adults. Turtles can take many years to reach breeding age, and in many cases breed every few years rather than annually.
Researchers have recently discovered a turtle’s organs do not gradually break down or become less efficient over time, unlike most other animals. It was found that the liver, lungs, and kidneys of a centenarian turtle are virtually indistinguishable from those of its immature counterpart. This has inspired genetic researchers to begin examining the turtle genome for longevity genes.[6]
Taxonomy Main article: Testudines
"Chelonia" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904Turtles are divided into three suborders, one of which, the Paracryptodira, is extinct. The two extant suborders are the Cryptodira and the Pleurodira. The Cryptodira is the larger of the two groups and includes all the marine turtles, the terrestrial tortoises, and many of the freshwater turtles. The Pleurodira are sometimes known as the side-necked turtles, a reference to the way they withdraw their heads into their shells. This smaller group consists primarily of various freshwater turtles.
Evolutionary history The first proto-turtles are believed to have existed in the early Triassic Period[7] of the Mesozoic era, about 200 million years ago, and their shell, which has remained a remarkably stable body plan, is thought to have evolved from rows of protective armour plates that gradually fused to one another and eventually to the reptile's ribs and vertebrae as well, creating a complete shell that offered protection at every stage of its evolution.[8] By the late Jurassic, turtles had radiated widely, and their fossil history becomes easier to read.
Their exact ancestry is disputed. It was believed that they are the only surviving branch of the ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as procolophonids, millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs. All anapsid skulls lack a temporal opening, while all other extant amniotes have temporal openings (although in mammals the hole has become the zygomatic arch). The millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs became extinct in the late Permian period, and the procolophonoids during the Triassic.[9]
However, it was recently suggested that the anapsid-like turtle skull may be due to reversion rather than to anapsid descent. More recent phylogenetic studies with this in mind placed turtles firmly within diapsids, slightly closer to Squamata than to Archosauria.[10] All molecular studies have strongly upheld this new phylogeny, though some place turtles closer to Archosauria.[11] Reanalysis of prior phylogenies suggests that they classified turtles as anapsids both because they assumed this classification (most of them studying what sort of anapsid turtles are) and because they did not sample fossil and extant taxa broadly enough for constructing the cladogram. As of 2003, the consensus is that Testudines diverged from other diapsids between 200 and 279 million years ago.[12]
The earliest known fully-shelled turtle is the late-Triassic Proganochelys, though this species already had many advanced turtle traits, and thus probably had many millions of years of preceding "turtle" evolution and species in its ancestry. It did lack the ability to pull its head into its shell (and it had a long neck), and had a long, spiked tail ending in a club, implying an ancestry occupying a similar niche to the ankylosaurs (though only through parallel evolution).
Turtle, tortoise, or terrapin?
Different animals are called turtles, tortoises, or terrapins in different varieties of EnglishAlthough the word "turtle" is widely used to describe all members of the order Testudines, it is also common to see certain members described as terrapins, tortoises or sea turtles as well. Precisely how these alternative names are used, if at all, depends on the type of English being used.
British English normally describes these reptiles as turtles if they live in the sea; terrapins if they live in fresh or brackish water; or tortoises if they live on land. However, there are exceptions to this where American or Australian common names are in wide use, as with the Fly River turtle. American English tends to use the word turtle for all freshwater species, as well as for certain land-dwelling species (e.g. box turtles). Oceanic species are usually referred to as sea turtles, and tortoise is restricted to members of the "true" tortoise family, Testudinidae. The name "terrapin" is typically reserved only for the brackish water diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin; the word terrapin being derived from the Algonquian word for this animal.[3] Australian English uses turtle for both the marine and freshwater species but tortoise for the terrestrial species. To avoid confusion, the word chelonian is popular among veterinarians, scientists, and conservationists working with these animals as a catch-all name for any member of the order Testudines. It is based on the Ancient Greek word χελώνη (chelone, modern Greek χελώνα), meaning tortoise.
As pets Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Keeping Pet TurtlesTurtles, particularly small terrestrial and freshwater turtles, are commonly kept as pets. Among the most popular are Russian Tortoises, Spur-thighed Tortoises, and Red-eared sliders (or terrapin).[13]
In the United States, due to the ease of contracting salmonella through casual contact with turtles, the FDA established a regulation in 1975 to discontinue the sale of turtles under 4 inches. It is illegal in every state in the U.S. for anyone to sell any turtles under 4 inches long. Many stores and flea markets still sell small turtles due to a loophole in the FDA regulation which allows turtles under 4 inches to be sold for "educational" purposes. [14][15]
Some states have other laws and regulations regarding possession of Red-eared Sliders (abbreviated as "RES") as pets because they are looked upon as invasive species or pests where they are not native but have been introduced through the pet trade. As of July 1, 2007 it is illegal in Florida to sell any wild type RES. Unusual color varieties such as albino and pastel RES, which are derived from captive breeding, are still allowed for sale. [16]
As food
The window of a restaurant serving guilinggao, decorated with a 龜 ('turtle') characterThe flesh of turtles was, or still is, considered a delicacy in a number of cultures. Turtle soup has been a prized dish in Anglo-American cuisine, and still remains so in some parts of the Far East.
Guilinggao jelly was a Chinese medicine preparation containing powdered shell of a certain turtle species; these days, though, it is typically made with only herbal ingredients.
"Harvesting" wild turtles is legal in Florida, and a single seafood company in Fort Lauderdale was reported (2008) as buying about 5,000 pounds of softshell turtles a week. The "harvesters" (hunters) are paid about $2 a pound; some manage to catch as many as 30-40 turtles (500 pounds) on a good day. Some of the catch gets to the local restaurants, while most of it is exported to the Far East; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission estimates (2008) that around 3,000 pounds of softshell turtles are exported each week via Tampa International Airport.
We all have our bad days but some people get agitated more often and with more intensity. A hot temper affects our work and our relationships. We can somehow justify displays of anger in the office but it really hurts the bond between two people. Intimacy is hard to regain after an explosion and no relationship advice is going to erase feelings of hurt.
A relationship entails spending a lot of time together in a closed space. If we are talking about marriage, the bond is even tighter. You and your partner will see each other everyday and deal with life as it comes. No two people are alike or perfectly compatible. It doesn’t matter how much you love each other, there will be occasions where you will disagree with one another. Any anger between two lovers can quickly multiply because they both know each other so well. That means knowing each other’s weaknesses - a handy tool at the time of an argument.
How can we put the lid on such a temper? Whatever anger management tip you abide by, it has to be a consistent effort. Otherwise pent up anger will release itself one day. If it’s you simmering away, then you have to remind yourself that you are facing off with the person you love. Focus on his good qualities and shake your mind off thoughts on his shortcomings. If your partner’s the hot tempered one, you’d want him to do the same.
Whenever there is a disagreement or a disappointing situation, try to think logically. Will anger make anything better? Won’t a mature discussion be a better solution to the problem? Can you ask him to do something so that you won’t stay mad at him? For instance, if he forgot (not for the first time, you tell yourself) to bring the must-have vegetables you had listed, it’s better to ask him calmly to go back to the grocer’s to bring the forgotten. Later you can tell him that you were disappointed about his carelessness but at that time he comes home, you’ll have to do the sensible thing. Or it’ll make the whole evening one big fight.
When anger rises in your mind, you can always try the old method of counting down and taking deep breaths. It does work! Anger means energy. You’ll find yourself breathing fast and getting all clenched up. But by controlling this physical part of anger, you can relieve yourself mentally. As your breathing becomes regulated and you relax, the strong feelings will slowly dissipate.
One way to cool down a hot temper is to avoid digging up the past for ammunition. When you are upset at something, don’t drag in all the times your man disappointed you. This will spin you out of control. If you are angry at him for not taking out the trash, don’t yell at him for having too many drinks at a party last year.
When you are angry, sometimes it’s better to not say anything. Usually, that first outburst makes things complicated. In the heat of the moment you might end up saying things you don’t mean. If you feel you just have to let the energy out, just do something vigorous. Go for a jog, throw some punches at a beanbag or squeeze your pillow hard - anything physical, just as long as you don’t become destructive.
10 WAYS TO KEEP YOUR FRIENDSHIP STRONG This is where peer pressure comes in. I learned that in wherever I go to, there will always be someone better, richer, smarter, and better looking than me. No matter what, there will always be a difference between 2 people. True friends will accept each other for who they are. Like for example, I have never been to Kenny’s (not the real name) house before. Kenny is also sort of sensitive whenever talks of visiting him in his house crops up. Well, whatever the reason was, I respected his choice of keeping it a secret and never mentioned it. We have been friends for 8 years now. • Do unto others what you want other to do unto you The golden rule. Applies to anyone anywhere everytime. Talk to them when they need you. Listen to their problems and try to solve it together. Give them space to go on dates. Don’t expect to hang out every weekend during game days. I’m sure I’d like the space to go on dates myself. • Admit it and apologize Friends will ALWAYS forgive you, no matter what. ALWAYS. I got into a huge argument over a pesky thing with Sam once and we didn’t communicate for awhile. I boycotted Nicholas when I felt pissed with his selfish character. I shared Jack’s secret with the others and he was pissed but didn’t know who spilled it. All in all, I admitted my wrong and apologized. Though it was hard on my ego, I still did it. It felt better afterwards. • Let go Move on. You have to let go. Or else you will be living in the residual of the past. That was what you were, not what you are. So don’t make the mistake of making who you will be into who you were. • Compliment them in front of others It feels good to be complimented. Do it only when you have real compliments to give. If you think the new top looks like a garbage bag, keep it to yourself. Say only things you yourself would want to hear. • Take vacations together Go to an island or beachfront somewhere. Somewhere away from the city and close to nature. The unfamiliarity of the place will keep you guys together. Going for outdoor activities like jungle trekking, snorkeling and sightseeing is healthy and low cost. • Ditch work or responsibilities to play with them This can only happen once in awhile. Like when my friends from outstation come to my neighborhood for a holiday, I’ll usually make time for them. I’ll take them to go eat mind blowing food, go hang out by the beach, watch movies or just hang out by Starbucks. Friends will feel appreciated and you will be remembered for the hospitality and attention given. • Give the benefit of the doubt Nicholas is bad tempered. He has a strong sense of controlling things and doesn’t stay in relationships long. For example, when he blames his ex for mistreating him, I’ll give him the benefit of the doubt and believe him. The relationship is between him and her, so all I can do is just lend an ear and hope that things get better between them. • Keep your promises There is a saying that I have up in my wall that goes, ‘A man is nothing in this world if he doesn’t keep his word’. Be like dark clouds. You’ll know that it will rain when you see thick, black clouds. It will improve trustworthiness and reliability between your friendships. • Let them make their own decisions Keep your expectations low. Be prepared for answers either way. For example, I wanted to join Amazing Race and in my honest opinion, Benny will make the best partner. I believe that if we got chosen, chances are high that we could make it to the finals. He’s a tough, sportive and reasonable person. I asked but he didn’t want to. I wanted to, but didn’t push him to join me. I respected his choice and moved on.
Man, to understand himself, must know how he stands in society, for public opinion is the standard of all our acts. Now to know ourselves is to see where we, as one individual, stand to the surrounding influences that act upon us. For we are mere machines in the world to be moved and regulated by the wisdom of God or science or by the opinions of mankind. These opinions are what cause all the misery in the world; so to know ourselves is to know science which proves all things. I will show where every man ought to stand and to show more clearly where I am, I must take the two extremes of man's belief. The first is the religious belief of another world. This class embraces all those who are affected by it and all false ideas based on phenomena that cannot be explained. Many of these ideas purport to come from the dead or are opinions; so it takes in all the superstitious who bow down and worship this belief. If a man believes that his power comes from another world, then all who embrace this belief are ready to acknowledge the standard. This standard of the priests had its full sway in early ages when the priests cured all diseases. At last opposition arose, as in all humbugs, and a more learned class of humbugs sprang up who led the more sober part of the people. They admitted the religious error and made a still more religious belief. So you may trace the grand scheme of humbugs from Judaism down to the present day. When new phenomena appear that affect one, they also affect the other. Just keep the two before your eyes. You will find the same reform as it is called in these two humbugs.
The spirits of the dead and all kinds of superstition have been battled by science and their standard driven from the dark ages of heathen idolatry step by step, sometimes appearing in various forms of assumed wisdom, again splitting into parties and settling down into deception. This will always be until man sees himself in the true light of reason, not of opinion. To show the two extremes of humbug, I will take one that is established and is as real to those who believe it, as that the sun rises; this is the allopathy practice of medicine. This is the very foundation of man's belief and to give it a character and standard, it must have a religious belief as erroneous as its father, the old church. These two go hand in hand and their absurdities have called out another class, the spiritualists, accompanied by their physicians. These are at war with each other and what looks absurd to one of these parties is true to the other. Each has its standard of belief to which it bows down and worships and which is as real to them as their own existence. I will show that they are the two standards of the world.
The standard of science never goes back to precedents for its proof but shows its science by its works. If it goes back, it is to show that the world has progressed, not to rake up some wisdom but to show that the world has progressed every day in science. The science of life contains the two classes above mentioned. As I have said, the spiritualist goes back into the dark ages of Judaism where the belief of heaven and hell and spirits of the dead were invented, together with every kind of heathen superstition, to seek wisdom by which to correct the errors of the age, supposing that the world was wiser then than now. And showing that any foreign intelligence purporting to come from abroad is worth more than what they get at home. Now, does science go out of the way? No. Chemistry is here just what it is everywhere and the chemist is always showing his improvements and so it is with all sciences. But that science founded on opinions is proved by referring to some one's opinions. And when you go to the opinions, you are sent to another and so on. It is like chasing a jack o'lantern to find the basis independent of an opinion. The science of health is in the hands of these blind guides. There is no difference between them. They are the two extremes of humbug. One belongs to the upper crust, the other to the lower. And if there chances to be a person not under one of these two classes, directly or indirectly, I should like to see where he stands.
Disease is one of the heathen inventions and has had as many names as any political party ever had, but is always the same thing. The serpent was its author or inventor when it made Eve eat the forbidden fruit. As that was a sin, it poisoned all the human family, as is believed. And as sin is disease, all men became diseased, for all have sinned, the Bible says. The apple that brought on the first disease could not have been eaten by the inhabitants of the world, so that they must have caught it from our first parents. Thus catching diseases originated, but Jesus condemned this idea when he said, The old proverb was done away with, that the father had eaten sour grapes and the children's teeth were set on edge, showing that it was a lie. But the people believed it. As the serpent was lost or metamorphosized into the Devil and the people were made to believe it, it became necessary to have a place for him to dwell. So hell was invented as his dwelling place. And as he still held his old grudge because he was driven out of the garden, his whole power was aimed against mankind. We next hear of him tormenting Job with boils, so that disease was his invention. He used to send out young devils or evil spirits, and sometimes the Lord employed them, as when he wanted to deceive Ahab. These devils could enter man and make him do all kinds of things. They tried it with Jesus but they could not deceive him, although he recognized their existence, for he used to cast them out. These devils had teeth and they could also talk. The Bible is full of accounts of their tormenting man and if it is true or the Christian explanation of it, then there were evil spirits at the time the Christian era commenced, eighteen-hundred years ago.
Now, where are they? If man is not affected by them, who is the author of our troubles? Man is affected more than he ever was. These same devils reigned in the time of Jesus and he sent forth his disciples to cast them out. He said that they would be destroyed at the end of the world, for then the Devil and all his works shall be destroyed and death itself. Then there should be no death nor hell. They were to be cast into the lake of fire. Jesus put the power of destroying these evil spirits in the hands of his disciples. Now let us see what they have done. First we find the priests persecuting them, hanging them and casting them into prison till all the disciples were destroyed and they got the power into their own hands. If these devils were the priests that crucified Jesus and all his disciples, then we can trace them along. But if they were evil spirits which the Devil sent into the priests and prophets, we can also follow them down. The people were divided on this point. The priests taught that they were the chosen ones to put down the evil spirits, not that such were in them. And here is where the war commenced. The priests, like the demagogues, had power over the masses and as the people believed in these evil spirits, of course there would be different opinions about their power. The most superstitious were the easiest led and as the priests had full possession of the minds of the masses, it was very easy to interest them in their favor.
So all opposition came from a more liberal quarter, but yet governed by the same belief in the spirits of the dead; so science had nothing to do with the religious quarrel. The quarrel commenced about a false opinion, existing only in the minds of political demagogues and science is as much a stranger as in any political quarrel. Still they hold out to the people that they are their friends and thus they have got the world to admit their wisdom. What do these parties propose to the people? To restore order and happiness to man. I will give their platform. They have established the fact that there is another world, which constitutes one plank. The return of spirits to earth is another. Also the Devil leading the wicked into trouble. These and a still larger number of grievances are laid down as facts. What do the leaders propose? To get up an army and attack this devil and in the name of goodness reform the world, drive the devil out of existence and establish the kingdom of heaven on earth. This is the appeal to the people and as this is a spiritual war against the devil's kingdom, it is necessary that the people should know what they are fighting for and who are their leaders, etc. The priests like the demagogues have made the people believe that they have been deceived and that it is necessary that they should do something to get out of their trouble, while the troubles are the effects of their beliefs invented by man and all the warfare is to fight down their own beliefs. So it is with the sick; the devils are the priests' opinions and the disease is the punishment of their belief. So the people pay the priests for the opinions and get the reward thereof in aches and pains.
These are the profits of the priests, for they know that the people know not the author of their misery. They offer their services to fight down the very evil they have created. In spiritual as well as in literal wars, there must be opposition parties, some for the health and some for the disease. As the war is in the minds of the people, the destruction of life is what is aimed at. Health and happiness being the land of science, the destruction of either cripples both, so all their aim is at this land. All will admit that this land is overrun with every kind of devil in the form of disease. How to destroy them is a matter of opinion, so parties spring up and make war in their peculiar way. The priests are for driving them out by prayer, while every prayer goes to create more devils. This is seen by another class called educated or more scientific, the doctors. They calculate more scientifically for their own benefit and have induced the people to give up to them all those who are killed by these devils in order that they should examine and discover the place of rendezvous.
Thus the people have given them this power over all who fall by disease. So when a person is attacked by one of these children of their own make, they commence war against it. If he attacks them in the side, the doctor claps on a blister. If he flies to the head, he also follows him there. If he goes to the stomach a dose of calomel is sent after him. This generally starts the devil and ruins the man and his house being shattered to pieces, he gives up the ghost and leaves. Then the doctor claims his prize; so he cuts up the head like a vegetable, hanging up one part and preserving the other in alcohol. They contend this is all for the benefit of the people and like the priests in Egyptian theology, instead of lessening the evil, they create ten times as many more. Finally, the people in despair, like Saul, have left their oracles and sought witches or those having familiar spirits, to enquire how to get rid of these Philistines that are overspreading the land and devouring their lives and substance. So in the darkness of night, they disguise themselves and are seen making their way to some woman having a familiar spirit to inquire of her how the battle is going on with their friends, for the doctor is fighting the battle. In a trembling voice, they ask if the spirit will respond; a faint rap is heard denoting yes. Then the communication is open and the spirits have the field. Here is war between the living and the dead. A revelation commences, but as both are in the devil's employ, it makes but little difference to the scientific man which gets the day.
actually..i'm not really believe about superstitious belief..i just heard about it from my parents,grandparents and so on.i'm sure that most of you have many story about superstitious belief..
Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine, literature, art, architecture, and general comportment) that are popular in a culture at any given time. Such styles may change quickly, and "fashion" in the more colloquial sense refers to the latest version of these styles. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole.
The terms "fashionable" and "unfashionable" are employed to describe whether someone or something fits in with the current or even not so current, popular mode of expression. The term "fashion" is frequently used in a positive sense, as a synonym for glamour, beauty and style. In this sense, fashions are a sort of communal art, through which a culture examines its notions of beauty and goodness. The term "fashion" is also sometimes used in a negative sense, as a synonym for fads and trends, and materialism. A number of cities are recognized as global fashion centers and are recognized for their fashion weeks, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. These cities are Paris, Milan, New York City, and London. Other cities, mainly Los Angeles, Berlin, Tokyo, Rome, Miami, Hong Kong, São Paulo, Sydney, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Madrid, Montreal, Mumbai, Vienna, Auckland, Moscow, New Delhi , San Juan, Dubai and Dallas also hold fashion weeks and are better recognized every year.
fahion??nowadays,have many type of fashion in this world...every country have different fashion..that's all..
Tiramisu (Italian: Tiramisù / Veneto: Tiramesù, IPA: [tirame'su]) is one of the most popular Italian desserts. It is made of savoiardi dipped in coffee and mascarpone cream. For many years, different sources (from Vin Veneto, dated 1981, to the Italian Academy of Giuseppe Maffioli and several cuisine websites) give evidence that tiramisu was born in Treviso at "Le Beccherie" restaurant in the hands of the confectioner Roberto Linguanotto, also known as Loli. Different stories report the creation of the cake to have been born in the city of Siena. Some confectioners were said to have created it in honour of Cosimo III on the occasion of his visit to the city. These days, the cake is characterised by a delicate and intense taste. In order to prepare it, according to the original recipe, the following ingredients are needed: Savoiardi biscuits, eggs, sugar, rum and cocoa. In the original recipe, there was no liquor as the cake was originally aimed at children and the elderly and the original shape was round. The name Tiramisu is Italian and means "pull-me-up" (Tirami su), a reference to the effects of the sugar and espresso, but can be translated figuratively as "cheer me up".
preparation The savoiardi are briefly soaked in espresso with the optional addition of brandy or sugar. They are layered with a mixture of mascarpone cheese and zabaglione, a custard made from egg yolks, Marsala, and sugar. Cocoa powder is then sprinkled on top.[citation needed]
Typical ingredients would be 2 cups of strong black coffee, 1/2 cup marsala, 4 eggs (separated), 1/4 cup caster sugar, 500g mascarpone, 300ml lightly whipped thickened cream (optional), 2 packets of sponge fingers (savoiardi), cocoa (for dusting), chocolate flakes, and strawberries for decoration (optional).
The tiramisu is made by pouring the coffee and marsala into a shallow dish. Set aside and keep refrigerated. Beat the egg yolks and sugar in a large bowl with electric beaters until pale and thick. Add mascarpone and mix well with an electric beater. Then add whipped cream. Using a wooden spoon, mix gently until just combined. Refrigerate the mascarpone mixture. Beat egg whites in a medium bowl with electric beaters until soft peaks form. Using a wooden spoon, gently fold egg whites into the mascarpone mixture. Dip enough biscuits into the coffee mixture to cover the base of a ceramic dish. Cover the Lady Fingers with 1/3 of the mascarpone mixture. Repeat layers 2 times, ending with the cream. Cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 6 hours. Dust generously with cocoa, decorate with chocolate flakes and serve.
Tiramisu has become one of the most popular desserts served in restaurants of all types, not just Italian restaurants. The recipe has been adapted into cakes, puddings, and other varieties of dessert.
tiramisu is my favourite food.. it's looks very nice until i feel very sad to eat it..
Music is an art form in which the medium is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses".[1]
The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.
To people in many cultures, music is inextricably intertwined into their way of life. Greek philosophers and ancient Indians defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."[2] According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez, "the border between music and noise is always culturally defined—which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus.… By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be, except that it is 'sound through time'."[3]
music??i'm sure that every one love to listen to music..it is because it is a way to release tension..
THE ANTS were spending a fine winter's day drying grain collected in the summertime. A Grasshopper, perishing with famine, passed by and earnestly begged for a little food. The Ants inquired of him, "Why did you not treasure up food during the summer?' He replied, "I had not leisure enough. I passed the days in singing." They then said in derision: "If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supperless to bed in the winter."
Comments: This is a very common and we know this fable since we are still young. This story tells us that it is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow. However, although we know this story, how many of us really take the meaning behind it? Take an example in our now campus life, we can still see many of our friends still do things in the last minute and end with copying friends’ assignments, doing tricks in the exams and also quizzes! All these really a shame! As a human being, we are given the most brilliant thinking by the god and we should know how to plan for ours tomorrow before it is too late. If we fail to plan then we are plan to fail. As an undergraduate student, we should all realise that the planning of time is very crucial since time is gold. Off course spending time sleeping, playing game in dorm are absolutely a leisure, however, please remember, after 4 years time enjoying, it will only give us the rest years of suffer. Like what i’m doing now, i’m doing my works in the last minutes! I admit that this is my fault and that is why i choose this article. I feel ashame of myself for keeping delaying this works until it disturbed my study week’s schedule! We can never know what will happen tomorrow, so , i will take this lesson and try to make myself better.
THREE BULLS for a long time pastured together. A Lion lay in ambush in the hope of making them his prey, but was afraid to attack them while they kept together. Having at last by guileful speeches succeeded in separating them, he attacked them without fear as they fed alone, and feasted on them one by one at his own leisure.
Comments: Union is strength. That’s the main moral I get from this story. In actual life, we can see many people are selfish. Nowadays, people tend to not behave like our ancestor. We feel stingy to lend our hands to others because we think that it is no need to trouble ourselves by others’ problems. That link to when we, ourselves facing hardship we will have to solve it by oneself. Our country is not really safe now. Kidnapping, raping, broke house stealing, murdering are all happen in our country now. My house has been a victim of broke house stealing, this incident happened in the noon, most my neighbours were in their house, but none of them realised my house was being intruded! The thieves had turned my house over and they gone eventually when my little brother came back from school. All the lights and fans in my house had been turned on, the gate was being cut off a part rudely, all doors of cupboards were being opened..... What a mess! My brother quickly phone my parents for help. A while later(4 hours later), the policeman came, and based on some of my helpful neighbour(they only came when they saw there was a cab car stopped in front of my house ), there was a Perdana black in colour ,(including the car window also cannot see through inside), stopped in front of my house , a man in dark coat came out and pressed our house’s bell several times, they didn’t even notice that my house was then being broke in. See , what a “helpful” neighbour. After that incident, every of my neighbour apply alarm in their house but useless, their alarms are too sensitive, ring at least once a day, haha... until every times their alarms ring we also pretend like the alarms have lost their control. Nothing happen after that incident, just we have to feel pity that we are not together even though we live very near. If the neighbour contact us as quickly as she can when she saw stranger in front our house, i wonder maybe that incident will not happen.
A Countryman's son by accident trod upon a Serpent's tail, which turned and bit him so that he died. The father in a rage got his axe, and pursuing the Serpent, cut off part of its tail. So the Serpent in revenge began stinging several of the Farmer's cattle and caused him severe loss. Well, the Farmer thought it best to make it up with the Serpent, and brought food and honey to the mouth of its lair, and said to it: "Let's forget and forgive; perhaps you were right to punish my son, and take vengeance on my cattle, but surely I was right in trying to revenge him; now that we are both satisfied why should not we be friends again?"
"No, no," said the Serpent; "take away your gifts; you can never forget the death of your son, nor I the loss of my tail."
Comment: Never ever hurt a person because injuries may be forgiven, but not forgotten. This short story link me to one of my friend, she lose her mother last year ago. Her mother passed away because of tumour, not cancer based on her speech. She claimed that the doctor has caused the death of her mother. Until today we will also behave ourselves and try our best not to talk about the word “mother” in front of her. She hate the doctor very much because his carelessness had take way her most love one. In my opinion, we as human being should behave ourselves and always think wisely before we say or do something so that our action won’t hurt other people. I have read from a book declaring in Malay that : kecuaian seorang doctor hilang satu nyawa, kecuaian seorang guru musnah satu generasi. This shows that it is very crucial to think twice before action especially those with responsibilities on them. In conclusion, the sad memory maybe hard to forgotten but i wish my friend will not give up in future time.
In countries where such birth was "fought" for, invariably with thousands of lives lost, it gave birth to a nation named after the distinct dominant community there.
After all, they were the community that laid down their lives for the noble cause. Hence, the Filipinos were "rewarded" with the Republic of Philippines. Similarly, Republik Indonesia. Despite the presence of migrant groups in these newly independent countries, they quickly became part of the homogenous demographics in almost all aspects.
They took local names, regardless of their cultural beliefs and religious practices.
They spoke the dominant local language fluently, understood the deeper cultural nuances and, to a large extent, adopted them as though they were their own.
Their mother tongue gave way in preference to the national unifying language. It followed that there were no vernacular schools within the national education system.
In other words, the newer generations of these new nations, local and migrants alike, were very conversant with this way of life as citizens of the proudly independent country.
Even the older generation did their best to adapt and seemed resigned to accept their new way of life.
It is not surprising then that to the casual outsiders, including tourists, these were perfectly homogenous countries with virtually no discernible differences among the citizens.
This, however, was not the case for Malaya, or Malaysia, as its birth gave rise to a myriad of cultural, ethnic and religious distinctions.
For Malaya, history took a significantly different route, which is not necessarily bad. Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (literally Federation of Malay-land) existed long before independence in 1957.
The dominant Malay population, which at one time made up more than 90 per cent of the inhabitants, now had Chinese and Indian immigrants for company.
Over time, the original "Malay-land" designation was dropped. The language became known as Bahasa Malaysia, rather then Bahasa Melayu. In some ways, this was felt by the Malays as a loss of Malay-ness as they believed that "bahasa jiwa bangsa" (language is the soul of a nation).
Ironically, as this happened, the other ethnic communities clung ever more tightly to their roots in several aspects.
Thus, it is hardly surprising to come across Malaysians who can hardly speak good Bahasa Malaysia, including some members of parliament.
Given the current preoccupation with the English language, not mastering the national language is no big deal any more.
So the keris, songkok, position of sultans and the usage of certain words are seen now as problematic just because a few chose to flaunt their ignorance.
As though this is not enough to keep the others happy, another sacrifice is expected of them, this time in matters of the social contract.
The pressure will be mounting, as the indigenous and local communities continue to weaken further. It all began when, as a nation, we failed to understand the subtleties of bahasa jiwa bangsa.
This is the article that i take from new straits times...
TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE IN ENGLISH: Give them options By : JANE LEE, Seremban
MUCH has been said about the pros and cons of teaching Mathematics and Science in English. Both sides have compelling arguments to support their case. Whatever the decision, there are going to be unhappy people. So I say, let's make it a win-win situation -- designate certain schools as offering both these subjects in English while the rest of the schools can use their preferred language (Bahasa Malaysia or mother tongue). There are a number of advantages to this. Firstly, parents get to choose which school to enrol their children in based on what they feel is best for their children. The parents will then have to accept the consequences of their choice and not blame the system for their children's failure. Next, since teachers who can really teach these subjects in English are in short supply, they can then be pooled in such schools so that the quality of teaching is not compromised. Those who prefer to teach in Bahasa Malaysia would be happier because they would not be forced to teach in English. If schools offering different media of instruction are located near each other, it would not be a problem to relocate these teachers. Planning by the Education Ministry also becomes easier in terms of resources and wastage can be minimised. Instead of supplying resources to all schools, they can channel the proper resources to the proper schools. The case of resources being not utilised for their set purpose (laptops being used for other purposes) would be better brought under control. The ministry also needs to ensure that heads of schools selected to use English as the medium of instruction must themselves be fluent English speakers so as to spearhead the use of English in the school environment. A non-supportive head will often close one eye if teachers choose to use "bahasa rojak" in class.
I agreed with what writer's says.just a simple solution...let everybody make their own dicision.it can make everybody will happy in their life.
I would like to share this article: Catching early
This article in honor of October being Breast Cancer Awareness month. Most of us know someone within our close social circle who has been through this terrible ordeal. This is not surprising, as the National Cancer Institute estimates that there were about 2.4 million women breast cancer survivors in 2004, with a 3.5% increase annually in the incidence of breast cancer. Unfortunately, this means more deaths in 2008 and 2009, unless women respond to the pleas for regular screening so that the disease may be detected early. The easiest method of screening is, of course, self-examination. This is easy and can be performed in the privacy of one’s home. Many reliable medical websites provide information on the step-by-step process of the breast self-examination. A new tool called Cue is being released this month — this is a small device that may be placed in the shower. It is a small disc like instrument that reminds women of the best time in the month for breast exams, and also provides reminders when it is time for a mammogram. The DCD recommend s that women above 40 years schedule a mammogram every two years in addition to regular self-exams. A newer method of screening is the breast ultrasound, using the reflective properties of sonic waves to detect lumps and areas of calcification. When used as an adjunct to mammograms, more diagnoses of Cancer can be made. MRI is the most sensitive at detecting such potentially cancerous masses at much earlier stages of the disease. However, a MRI is recommended for women who are at a high risk (due to genetic, familial and environmental factors) of developing cancer. If lumps or masses are detected, a biopsy usually follows to check if the lump is malignant or benign. Apart from these specific screening tools, a healthy daily lifestyle may also help decrease the risk of cancer. Foods high in beta-carotene and fiber such as carrots, legumes, squash, and whole grains may have anti-oxidant properties, lowering cancer risk. Foods high in saturated fats such as red meats, margarine, whole fat creams and cheeses may increase risk of all forms of cancer. Getting regular exercise and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption also contributes towards decreasing the risk of cancer. Talking to friends and family to spread awareness is more important now than ever. Print, internet and broadcast media are doing an excellent job of promoting an understanding of this condition. Little steps can go a long way, and spreading awareness and encouraging everyone to do the same will help early detection and potentially save lives.
I want to share tihs article: Dying to be a good mom-Eating Iisorders In Pregnancy.
Most people know the “typical” eating disorder patient: adolescent girl, over-achiever, perfectionist. This is an accurate description, since most patients with diagnosed eating disorders and patterns of disordered eating are females between the ages of 10 and 20. Currently, it is estimated that 1% of adolescent girls have anorexia. Nearly 30% of adolescent girls have disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, while not meeting the criteria for diagnosis of an eating disorder. Women are three times more likely to develop an eating disorder than men. Recent reports indicate that the lifetime prevalence of anorexia is 0.6%, bulimia, 1%, and binge-eating disorders, 2.8%. While most of these cases do occur during adolescence, the face of the eating disorder patient is changing. Women are now experiencing disordered eating and body image issues much later in life — through early adulthood, pregnancy and motherhood, and midlife. While all eating disorders pose serious mental and physical health risks to the patient, eating disorders throughout pregnancy and motherhood are particularly concerning, since the patterns of disordered eating may also pose health risks to the child. Some women with disordered eating may easily be able to cope with the weight gain and body changes associated with pregnancy, because they are able to put the health of the baby first. Others still may find ways to control their eating and weight gain, risking the health — and possibly life — of their unborn child. Disordered eating during pregnancy may lead to dehydration, cardiac abnormalities, diabetes, depression, and labor complications for the mother. Likewise, the baby may experience slowed development, premature birth, low birth weight, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties. Women who are able to maintain healthy eating patterns during pregnancy may still be at risk for disordered eating during the transition into new motherhood. A recent study found that some women with pre-existing eating disorders were “desperate,” according to the survey, to return to their controlled, disordered eating practices. These women chose not to breastfeed their infants, allowing them to return more quickly to restrictive eating and intense exercise routines. Still other women chose to breastfeed for entirely the same reasons; they viewed nursing as a faster way to lose weight and would permit themselves to eat treats that they would not otherwise allow. Women with a history of eating disorders were also more likely to experience depression in the postpartum period, not just a recurrence of the eating disorder. Postpartum depression, as well as eating disorders, can lead to serious complications for mothers, children, and entire families. Maternal-child bonding is impaired and the child is at risk for insufficient care and feeding. Even women who did not have symptoms of eating disorders prior to pregnancy may experience eating disorders in the postpartum period. New mothers often experience extremes of stress, emotion, and exhaustion. For many new mothers, this is the first time they have experienced any lack of control over their lives and their bodies and they may find themselves seeking to gain some control through management and manipulation of their eating habits and weight loss. The consequences of disordered eating habits can lead to obvious health problems: malnutrition, dehydration, heart failure, even death. Researchers are now finding that mothers with eating disorders may place their children at increased risk for developing an eating disorder, also. On the other hand, one study found some women whose eating practices improved after becoming a mother. This was likely due to a decrease in impulsive and self-destructive attitudes seen as women mature and become mothers. However, these same mothers did not have a satisfactory body image, even though they did not exhibit symptoms associated with disordered eating. Still, researchers found that motherhood had an overall positive effect on disordered eating. The stress of motherhood and the corresponding body changes lead to depressive symptoms for many women, including eating and body image disorders. Add to this the ever-present notion that women should have it all and be it all, and the rail-thin celebrity moms on every television show and magazine cover, and it is no wonder mothers are at risk for unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes. Health care providers routinely screen for postpartum depression, but providers are critical to the evaluation of disordered eating practices. Unfortunately, there is little research to support standard treatment regimens in pregnant and postpartum women, once diagnosed. The best treatment likely remains a multidisciplinary approach, in which women can be open and honest about their fears, concerns, and anxieties about motherhood and family members and health care providers provide support, encouragement, and education for the new mom.
I think it’s good to think outside the box. Especially when it comes to finding solutions to some pretty major problems. Let’s take depression for example. Starting in May 2007, the FDA started requiring that a warning be posted on antidepressant drugs. The warning was about the increased risk of suicide for patients in the 18-24 age range. This warning was the result of a FDA analysis of patient data. So it seems to me that depressed young people need more options besides medication. Of course, all people who suffer from depression need options but for this age group, in light of this study, it seems necessary. So, let’s look at other possible options. Therapy: This is a standard treatment and it can be a good one. But unfortunately this method of treatment requires a good therapist and this isn’t always easy to find. Not because there’s a shortage of capable therapist out there but because it can get complicated. Sometimes the therapist doesn’t practice the type of therapy that is best for your condition. Maybe you live in a very small town with only 1 or 2 practicing therapists. Many times therapists don’t accept insurance or don’t accept your insurance. In the case of depression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of the better therapy choices. But it can be hard to find a therapist that specializes in this type of therapy. Many may offer some form of it but there’s something to be said for someone who knows the intricacies of treating depression using only this therapy. Classes: This isn’t a usual treatment option but I think it’s a good one. It’s my outside the box contribution, if you will. Many people who are depressed suffer from various thinking patterns that make depression more likely to occur or enable the depression to stay around. Bringing these patterns to patients’ attention and then teaching them other ways to think can go a long way towards helping a depressed individual become healthier. Other Support Systems: There are a myriad of options available for supporting those with depression. Whether it is some type of group therapy, support group, or study group. One option that I find alluring is telephone treatment. This type of treatment was offered to over 604 employees aged 18 years and over in various U.S. companies. The treatment involved telephone assessment and facilitation to inpatient treatment, a psycho-educational workbook, support and monitoring of treatment. The results were very positive. Although medication is usually the first or second line of defense against depression, there are more options available. Since medication may not the best treatment choice for many, and since traditional therapy isn’t always accessible, I think it’s necessary to search for other ways to offer support and help so that those who need to treat their depression have a number of viable, encouraging choices at their disposal.
Lead singer/bassist Ian Lloyd (b. Ian Buonconciglio, 1947, Seattle) and keyboardist Michael Brown (b. Michael Lookofsky, April 25, 1949, Brooklyn) were introduced by their fathers, two old friends who had worked together for years as session violinists. Ian had been singing for years and had attracted local notice recording as Ian London. Michael had played with his group the Left Banke, which had made the U.S. charts with "Walk Away Renee" (#5, 1966) and "Pretty Ballerina" (#15, 1967). The two seemed to click and agreed to set about becoming a Beatlesque band. They recruited New Yorkers Steve Love (guitar) and Bryan Madey (drums) and located an interested record company in Kama Sutra. A self-titled album and a single – "I'm Coming Home" (#42, 1972) – followed. A second LP, About Us (1973), also did well, but primarily due to the inclusion of an afterthought, "Brother Louie." The song about a black girl and her white boyfriend had been a British hit for Hot Chocolate that year. Once issued as Stories' second single, it became a big hit reaching number one in the United States. This didn't sit well with the group. "All of a sudden," Lloyd explained to Triad's Russel Wiener, "we had a big hit with a song that did not represent our music and the direction we were trying to go in. I didn't think it would affect me that much, but it did. Consequently, I decided that I had to remove myself from that, so that I could come back and show what I really can do." Lloyd did remain with Stories for one more album – Traveling Underground (1973) – but Brown left immediately. Bassist Kenny Aaronson (b. April 14, 1952, Brooklyn) (formerly of Dust) and keyboardist Ken Bichel (b. 1945, Detroit) stepped in to fill the void. The new group made the Hot 100 with "Mammy Blue" (#50, 1973) and "If It Feels Good, Do It" which was a cover of a song by the band Climax (#88, 1974). Before the group's breakup, Love left and was replaced by Richie Ranno. Lloyd has since recorded several solo albums and done studio work for Foreigner, Fotomaker, and Peter Frampton. Brown next formed the Beckies, another Beatlesque band. Love reappeared in the early '80s as Landscape. Madey, after a two-LP stay with the Earl Slick Band, reportedly provided accompaniment for Peggy Lee. Aaronson has remained busy. He was co-founder (with Carmine Appice's brother Vinnie) of Axis, and he did sessions for Hall & Oates, Billy Squier, ex-Mountain Leslie West, Foghat, Bob Dylan, and Rick Derringer. Bichel has done session work, and so has Love. Raven Records released The Stories and About Us on a single cd with as a bonus track Another Love (the last single by the group - in 1974)
Mother Teresa was an Romanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship. She founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta,India in 1950.For over forty years she helped poor, sick, orphaned and dying while guiding Missionaries of Charity.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest Civilian honor Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.Mother Teresa Missionaries of Charity continued to expand and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries including hospitals and home for people with HIV or AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, children and family counseling programs, orphanage and schools.Following her death , she was beatified by Pope John Paul II and given the title 'Blessed Teresa Of Calcutta'.
GEORGE TOWN: The Ramadan spirit of charity was glaringly missing in Jalan P. Ramlee here when an elderly man's century-old wooden house was partially torn down last Saturday by the landowner. Hamad Marican, 80, and his two sons, Jaafar Sidik, 50, and Mohamad Ali, 43, had gone out to buy food for the breaking of fast. When they returned at 7pm, almost the entire front portion of the house was gone. They believe that the owner of the land, on which the one-storey house sits on, had brought in an excavator to tear down the front door, part of the roof and most of the living room. Hamad claimed there was no prior notification about the demolition. "I had the shock of my life after seeing my home almost reduced to a pile of rubble," Hamad sobbed. "This is ridiculous. How are we supposed to live here without a decent roof and walls? "The coming Hari Raya will be very dismal and gloomy for me and my sons," said the distraught senior citizen. Hamad claimed the land was jointly owned by an individual and the Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP). Hamad's daughter, Anum Hamad, 40, who lives in another house next door, lamented the land-owner's high-handed approach. "The owner does not have the right to tear down the property as the land is registered under him and the MPPP. "He should have got the consent from MPPP before proceeding to demolish the house," she said. To make matters worse, Anum said Hamad and her two brothers refused to move in with her. The family have since lodged a police report.
"The coming Hari Raya will be very dismal and gloomy for me and my sons," said the distraught senior citizen. Hamad claimed the land was jointly owned by an individual and the Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP). Hamad's daughter, Anum Hamad, 40, who lives in another house next door, lamented the land-owner's high-handed approach. "The owner does not have the right to tear down the property as the land is registered under him and the MPPP. "He should have got the consent from MPPP before proceeding to demolish the house," she said. To make matters worse, Anum said Hamad and her two brothers refused to move in with her. The family have since lodged a police report.
Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC was a wholly owned subsidiary of Tricon from 1997-2002, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands since 2002. The chain also advertises itself as Poulet Frit du Kentucky or PFK in the province of Quebec in Canada. KFC primarily sells chicken in form of pieces, wraps, salads and burgers. While its primary focus is fried chicken KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Outside of North America, KFC offers beef based products such as burgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. The popularity and novelty of KFC has led to the general formula of the fried chicken fast-food restaurant being copied by restaurant owners worldwide. The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFC's fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name, KFC, in 1991.[2] Starting in April 2007, the company began using its original appellation of Kentucky Fried Chicken again for its signage, packaging and advertisements in the United States as part of a new corporate re-branding program;[3][4] newer and remodeled restaurants will have the new logo and name while older stores will continue to use the 1980s signage. Additionally, the company continues to use the abbreviation KFC freely in its advertising. Internationally the company is still known as KFC. History The restaurant in North Corbin, KY where Colonel Sanders developed Kentucky Fried ChickenWorld's first KFC in South Salt Lake, Utah, since replaced by a new KFC on the same siteBorn and raised in Henryville, Indiana, Sanders passed through several professions in his lifetime.[5] Sanders first served his fried chicken in 1930 in the midst of the Great Depression at a gas station he owned in North Corbin, Kentucky. The dining area was named "Sanders Court & Café" and was so successful that in 1936 Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon granted Sanders the title of honorary Kentucky Colonel, in recognition of his contribution to the state's cuisine. The following year Sanders expanded his restaurant to 142 seats, and added a motel he bought across the street.[6] When Sanders prepared his chicken in his original restaurant in North Corbin, he prepared the chicken in an iron skillet, which took about 30 minutes to do, too long for a restaurant operation. In 1939, Sanders altered the cooking process for his fried chicken to use a pressure fryer, resulting in a greatly reduced cooking time comparable to that of deep frying.[7] In 1940 Sanders devised what came to be known as his Original Recipe.[8] The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, often those headed to Florida, so when the route planned in the 1950s for what would become Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin, he sold his properties and traveled the U.S. to sell his chicken to restaurant owners. Sanders entered into franchise agreements paying him five cents for each piece of chicken sold.[citation needed] The first to take him up on the offer was Pete Harman in South Salt Lake, Utah; together, they opened the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" outlet in 1952.[9] By the early 1960s Kentucky Fried Chicken was sold in over 600 franchised outlets in both the United States and Canada. One of the longest-lived franchisees of the older Col. Sanders' chicken concept, as opposed to the KFC chain, was the Kenny Kings chain. The company owned many Northern Ohio diner-style restaurants, the last of which closed in 2004. Sanders sold the entire KFC franchising operation in 1964 for $2 million USD [10] Since that time, the chain has been sold three more times, most recently to PepsiCo, which made it part of its Tricon Global Restaurants division, which in turn was spun off in 1997, and has now been renamed to Yum! Brands. Additionally, Colonel Sanders' nephew, Lee Cummings, took his own Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises (and a chicken recipe of his own) and converted them to his own "spin-off" restaurant chain, Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken.Today, some of the older KFC restaurants have become famous in their own right. One such restaurant is located in Marietta, Georgia. This store is notable for a 56-foot (17 m) tall sign that looks like a chicken. The sign, known locally as the Big Chicken, was built for an earlier fast-food restaurant on the site called Johnny Reb's Chick, Chuck and Shake. It is often used as a travel reference point in the Atlanta area by locals and pilots.[11]The original handwritten recipe, along with vials containing samples of each of 11 herbs and spices, is kept locked away at the KFC corporate headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. Only 2 executives have access to it and to maintain security, the company uses multiple suppliers each providing only a portion of the final ingredients.[12] Products Packaging The famous paper bucket that KFC uses for its larger sized orders of chicken and has come to signify the company was originally created by Wendy's restaurants founder Dave Thomas.[citation needed] Thomas was originally a franchisee of the original Kentucky Fried Chicken and operated several outlets in the Columbus, Ohio area. His reasoning behind using the paper packaging was that it helped keep the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The rotating bucket sign was designed by Leonard Goldstein to advertise the availability of Kentucky Fried Chicken at his Lendy's Restaurants in Roanoke and Salem, VA. The signs first appeared in 1961, a year before Dave Thomas took over 4 Kentucky Fried Chicken stores in Columbus, OH.[citation needed] Menu items This is a list of menu items sold at KFC.KFC's Original Recipe fried chicken and French fries • KFC's specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. KFC's primary product is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with one of two types of breading: original recipe or extra crispy. • KFC has two lines of sandwiches: its "regular" chicken sandwiches and its Snackers line. The regular sandwiches are served on either a sesame seed or corn dusted roll and are made from either whole breast fillets (fried or roasted), chopped chicken in a sauce or fried chicken strips. The Snackers line are value priced items that consist of chicken strips and various toppings. In the UK the main sandwiches are chicken fillet burger (a chicken breast fillet coated in an original-recipe coating with salad garnish and mayonnaise) and a Zinger Burger (as with the former but with a spicier coating and salsa). Both of these are available as "tower" variants, which include a slice of cheese and a hash brown. • A variety of smaller finger food products are available at KFC including chicken strips, wings, nuggets and popcorn chicken. These products can be ordered plain or with various sauces, including several types of barbecue sauces and buffalo sauce. They also offer potato wedges. • Several pies have been made available from KFC. The Pot Pie is a savory pie made with chicken, gravy and vegetables. In the second quarter of 2006, KFC introduced its variation on Shepherd's pie called the Famous Bowl. Served in a plastic bowl, it is layered with mashed potatoes or rice, gravy, corn, popcorn chicken, cheese, and a biscuit. The bowl had been available at KFC's special test market store in Louisville since the third quarter of 2005. • The KFC Twister is a wrap that consists of either chicken strips or roasted chicken, tomato, lettuce and (pepper) mayonnaise wrapped in a tortilla. • Shish kebab - in several markets KFC sells kebabs. Other products Coleslaw • In some international locations, KFC may sell hamburgers, pork ribs or fish. In the U.S., KFC began offering the Fish Snacker sandwich during Lent in 2006. The Fish Snacker consists of a rectangular patty of Alaskan Pollock on a small bun, and is the fifth KFC menu item in the Snacker category.[13] • Three types of salads (which can be topped with roasted or fried chicken) are available at KFC: Caesar, house, and BLT salads (in the US). • The Bonus Banquet • Zinger Burger - A regular sized burger which regularly consists of a boneless fillet of hot and spicy chicken, lettuce and mayonnaise in a burger bun. Cheese, tomato, bacon and pineapple can be added upon request. Barbecue sauce can also replace/join the mayonnaise. • Parfait desserts - "Little Bucket Parfaits" in varieties such as Fudge Brownie, Chocolate Crème (once called the Colonel's Little Fudge Bucket), Lemon Crème and Strawberry Shortcake are available at most locations in the US. [14] • Sara Lee Desserts - Available in either Cookies and Cream Cheesecake or Choc Caramel Mousse. • "Variety Bucket": This has chicken, popcorn chicken, two sides, biscuit. Sides • Other than fried chicken, many KFC restaurants serve side dishes like coleslaw, various potato-based items (including potato wedges, french fries and mashed potatoes with gravy), biscuits, baked beans, macaroni and cheese, rice, steamed vegetables and corn on the cob. Discontinued products • The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold - This product was introduced in the 1990s as a response to the Boston Market chain's roasted chicken products, and a healthier mindset of the general public avoiding fried food. Purportedly made from a "lost" Col. Sanders recipe, it was sold as a whole roaster or a half bird.[15] • Tender Roast Chicken - This product was an off-shoot of 'The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold'. Instead of whole and half birds, customers were given quarter roasted chicken pieces. For a time, customers could request chicken "original", "Extra Tasty Crispy", or "Tender Roast". • Chicken Little sandwich - a value oriented sandwich that sold for $0.39(USD)[16] in the U.S. during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was a small chicken patty with mayonnaise on a small roll, similar to White Castle's mini chicken sandwich.[17] • Extra Tasty Crispy (ETC) - Chicken much like the Extra Crispy served today, except ETC was prepared using chicken that had been soaking for at least a day in special marinade. There is some speculation that the marinade may have been made with trans-fats, and KFC boasts to no longer use trans-fats in their chicken. In the summer of 2007, KFC started marketing the chicken just as "Extra Crispy" without the marinade. • Kentucky Nuggets were a chicken nugget product available at KFC until 1996. No reason has been given for their discontinuation. • Fillers - A promotional item for a Cricket team, the filler was a nine inch (22cm) sub available in four different varieties from November 2007-Mid January 2008, only in Australia. • Smokey Chipotle - Introduced in April 2008. The chicken was dipped in chipotle sauce then doubled breaded and fried. It has been discontinued since August 2008. Nutritional value KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods. This oil contains relatively high levels of trans fat, which increases the risk of heart disease. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a court case against KFC, with the aim of making it use other types of oils or make sure customers know about trans fat content immediately before they buy food. In October 2006, KFC announced that it would begin frying its chicken in trans fat-free oil. This would also apply to their potato wedges and other fried foods, however, the biscuits, macaroni and cheese, and mashed potatoes would still contain trans fat. Trans fat-free soybean oil was introduced in all KFC restaurants in the U.S. by 30 April 2007. CSPI announced that it would immediately drop its lawsuit against KFC and was hopeful that this would create a ripple effect on other restaurants or fast food chains that prepare food rich in trans fat. "If KFC, which deep-fries almost everything, can get the artificial trans fat out of its frying oil, anyone can," CSPI Executive Director Michael Jacobson said in a statement.[18] Advertising KFC's logo used from 1991 until November 2006 Early television advertisements for KFC regularly featured Colonel Sanders licking his fingers and talking to the viewer about his secret recipe and the importance of a family joining one another for a meal. Despite his death in 1980, this angle was quite common through the 1980s and up until the early-mid 1990s. Throughout the mid 1980s, KFC called on Will Vinton Studios to produce a series of humorous, claymation ads. These most often featured a cartoon-like chicken illustrating the poor food quality of competing food chains, mentioning prolonged freezing and other negative aspects.[19] TV ads also featured Foghorn Leghorn advising Henery Hawk to visit the restaurant for better chicken. In the 80s, KFC was an associate sponsor for Junior Johnson's NASCAR Winston Cup Series cars, with such drivers as Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, and Terry Labonte. In 1997 KFC briefly re-entered the NASCAR Winston Cup Series as sponsor of the #26 Darrell Waltrip Motorsports Chevrolet with driver Rich Bickle at the Brickyard 400. A co-branded Long John Silvers and KFC By the late 1990s, the stylized likeness of Colonel Sanders as the KFC logo had been modified. KFC ads began featuring an animated version of "the Colonel" voiced by Randy Quaid with a lively and enthusiastic attitude. He would often start out saying "The Colonel here!" and moved across the screen with a cane in hand. The Colonel was often shown dancing, singing, and knocking on the TV screen as he spoke to the viewer about the product. In reference to these ads, William Shatner shouted "The Colonel is breakdancing! Give me a break!" in the song "I Can't Get Behind That"[20] The animated Colonel is uncommon today. Still using a humorous slant, the current KFC campaign revolves mostly around customers enjoying the food. It also features a modified version of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" as the theme song for practically all its commercials, though the restaurant actually hails from Kentucky. In 2006, KFC claimed to have made the first logo visible from outer space, though Readymix has had one since 1965.[21][22] KFC says "[It] marked the official debut of a massive global re-image campaign that will contemporize 14,000-plus KFC restaurants in over 80 countries over the next few years." The logo was built from 65,000 one-foot-square tiles, and it took six days on site to construct in early November. The logo measured a record-breaking 87,500 square feet (8,130 m2),[citation needed] and was placed in the Mojave Desert near Rachel, Nevada.[23] Many KFC locations are co-located with one or more of Yum! Brands restaurants, Long John Silvers, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, or A&W Restaurants. Many of these locations behave like a single restaurant, offering a single menu with food items from both restaurants.[24]
The resurrected Kentucky Fried Chicken logo One of KFC's latest advertisements is a commercial advertising its "wicked crunch box meal". The commercial features a fictional black metal band called "Hellvetica" performing live, the lead singer then swallows fire. The commercial then shows the lead singer at a KFC eating the "wicked crunch box meal" and saying "Oh man that is hot". In 2007, the original, non-acronymic Kentucky Fried Chicken name was resurrected and began to reappear on company marketing literature and food packaging, as well as some restaurant signage.
First you need to develop an Inner Mother. If you were lucky and had a loving caring mother, you can take her as an exemple. Otherwise you need to invent, to create this Inner Mother, which is your feminine caring energy. Everytime you have an emotion, your Inner Mother should ask your Inner Child : “What happens, my darling?” Listen to what your Inner Child has to say. Than you go on with the dialogue. Inner Mother says : “Come here. Come in my arms, I love you as you are. I love you with what you feel.” Doing that, the heaviness of the emotions will drop pretty much. Than you say these words : “I understand”. These words are very important, because most of the time we don’t feel very “normal” having the feelings we have and we try to ignore or suppress them, which makes them heavier. “I understand, my darling, come here in your Mothers arms, I love you.” Stay with these words and feelings for a while, and than ask :” What do you need?” Whatever the Child answers, you say : “We will ask this of your Father”. And here starts the task of your Inner Father, who is there to protect you and to act for you in the outside world. You would never send a four-year old asking for a raise at work or getting to resolve a conflict at school or with the neighbours, would you? So why do you try it? Send out your Inner Father to take care of whatever you have to do in the outside world. Your Inner Father is your male energy, which enables you to make decisions, to take action, to follow your inner guidance (which is located in you Inner Child, also called Intuition) and to manifest your Child’s desires in the world. When your Child has a need, for instance to call someone or to go somewhere to arrange something, imagine that your Inner Child stays at home with his Mother who takes care of his feelings (“I understand you’re afraid…”) and that your Inner Father (another part of your being) goes out there to act. Your Inner Father is that part of you which is able to handle stress, to take action, to arrange conflicts and all other stuff that has to do with the outside world. If that part is missing because you didn’t have a good model when you were little yourself, you will have to create and develop it. Of course your Inner Child, Mother and Father are all parts of you. It is all you. It is just a model to understand what is happening inside you and how you can learn to love yourself. Loving yourself is listening to your Inner Child, taking his emotions seriously, understanding what he feels and taking action in the desired direction. Loving yourself is having this dialogue with yourself every morning when you open your eyes, every evening when you go to bed, and every time you have an emotion. Loving yourself is building a strong inner connection with yourself. It is creating your own loving family, inside you. You will never feel alone anymore. You are already three! Call it your Trinity. Wherever you go, from now on you go with your Inner Family. Your are not alone. You are loved and you are protected. You listen to yourself and take care of that precious little Child that has been waiting for so long to get your attention and love.
HOW TO SELECT PLAYER BEFORE MATCH IN FOOTBALL MANAGER 2008...???
Usually playing Football Manager 2008 I follow the next principles when it is necessary to select the first squad before a match:
• At first when you select players for participate in the match, look at their morale and conditions. Try to use players with the highest morale, and do not set to the first squad 'Very poor' or 'Poor' moraled footballers.
• As far as conditions concerned, usually I do not use players who has less then 94% giving them rest from the game or just placing them to the substitution.
• Another small hint is checking current level of fitness of a player. I never set a player to the first squad when he has fitness - 'Several lacking in match fitness', 'Tired' or something like that except matches with very weak opponent teams.
• Never set injured players with orange 'Inj' sign to participate in a match.
• It is also important to understand form of your footballer: how good he played last matches, what kind of performance he shows during this season, how often he gets injured, how good he is at that or other position where you use him. Follow statistics of a player!
• Talking with players during the matches, correct media comments and personal talks with a player really matter!Use them often to increase morale of your footballers. Try to avoid setting to the first squad a player who is being nervous before a match after your media comment.
Things can go from bad to worse very quickly if you focus on the wrong things. Here’s a list of things not to do when you’re faced with dead ends.
#1 don’t give up Taking a defeatist attitude will get you no where in life. Keep trying, eventually you’ll make it.
#2 don’t label yourself a failure One slip-up doesn’t make you a loser for the rest of your life. Negativity will only fuel more failure as you’ll have no motivation or drive to improve.
#3 don’t rush it Whether it’s the process of feeling better or getting better at what you do, it all takes time. Time is not just the best healer, but the best trainer too. Be patient with yourself and in time you’ll reap the benefits.
#4 don’t be too hard on yourself Ease up sister! Sometimes things are just out of your control, we all make mistakes. You can’t change what has happened, so accept responsibility, learn and move on.
#5 don’t just stick to plan A While we love things to go our way, it’s not always the name of the game. Learn how to be flexible – that way you’ll get more out of life.
#6 don’t play the blame game It’s much easier than accepting responsibility, but it only means you’re never going to learn. Grow up and swallow the bitter pill, it’s good for you
this tips gave me motivation to keep on focusing in a right way on what i learn.everyone have their 'brakedown' moment.ngeeee.especially me!i hope this tips help you guys out there if you are focusing on the wrong thing.
hello everyone.. thanks for reading my article..Actually it is not mine,but i just search it in the internet.. What i can conclude about that article,"How to be a loving parents for yourself",is try to become a matured person..it is because you are not a teenage anymore..you have your own family..try to give your fully loves and cares to them..its will makes they appriciated you.. Becomes a mother actually is more hard than a father..WHY???Because as we know,the child is more closer to their mother..Mum is a place where we can share ours problems,hapiness,success,and many more..And we can consider that a lot of ours time we spend with mums.. What about fathers?? Fathers is like ours guide..They supposed to do everythings to makes their childs live hapily.. So,to becoming a real parents we should understands what the responsibility and "task" when teaching ours child.
Friendship is a gift of God. Some of us are blessed with good friends. But as it happens, these friendships are taken for granted in some cases and not valued. It is similar to a case of two couples. Say one has no child even after many years of marriage and the other has many children, more than they can manage. What do you think? Will the couple with many children value the children as much as the couple which has none? Everything is relative in life. We value what we don't have and give less valuable to what is freely available with us. Friendship is one such relationship.Why should we value friendships? What qualities does a good friend bring in our relationship that makes the friendship so valuable? Let us examine some of these.
>>from read this article i just want to said that i do really love all of my friends. hopefully it will be our everlasting friendship.
A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and the boy was the gem of their eyes. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for office so he asked his wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. His wife, preoccupied in the kitchen totally forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle fascinated by its color and drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages. When the child collapsed the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. the mother was stunned. She was terrified how to face her husband. When the distraught father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just five words. QUESTIONS : 1. What were the five words ? 2. What is the implication of this story? ANSWER : The husband just said ' I am with you Darling ' The husband's totally unexpected reaction is a proactive behavior. the child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if only he had taken time to keep the bottle away, this would not have happened. No one is to be blamed. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was consolation and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her. If everyone can look at life with this kind of perspective, there would be much fewer problems in the world."A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". Take off all your envies, jealousies, unforgiveness, selfishness, and fears. And you will find things are actually not as difficult as you think.
>>for me, this story is really worth reading...... Sometimes we spend time in asking who is responsible or whom to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. By this way we miss out something called L.I.F.E.
In the early days of air travel, travelers looked at flying as a great adventure. Nowadays we often see it as a chore to endure before the real trip can begin. Here's how to ensure that your next flight will be safe and pleasant so you'll be all set and ready to go when the fun starts.
1. Bring your own meal or snack. These days, few airlines offer free meals; you're probably out of luck if you're flying economy class or you're on a relatively short flight. The meals and snacks that airlines do offer are not only expensive and unsatisfying, but unhealthy to boot. So tuck a turkey sandwich, pasta salad, an apple, or whole-wheat crackers and low-fat cheese into your carry-on bag along with some napkins and a plastic fork if you need one.
2. Book an aisle seat. You might be tempted to pity the person on the end of the row who has to get up whenever someone else wants to leave their seat. But that's the person who will arrive at his or her destination less cramped and more energized than anyone else, so seek out that seat, and use every opportunity to get up out of it. Sitting in a plane seat for hours on end raises the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or blood clots in the legs. Many factors often associated with diabetes—being overweight, being 60 or older, having poor blood circulation, and having a history of heart disease—are also linked to DVT, which can be life-threatening if the clot travels through the bloodstream and blocks blood flow to the lungs.
3. Set a digital reminder to get up. Time can easily get away from you while you're flying if you're sleeping or watching an in-flight movie. The next time you fly, wear a digital watch with an alarm, and set it to go off 60 or 90 minutes after takeoff. When the alarm goes off, stroll to the restroom and back, then reset your alarm to go off in another 60 or 90 minutes. Repeat this exercise throughout the flight.
4. Use airport time to burn calories. Catching a plane involves a whole lot of hurry up and wait. While you're waiting for your plane to board, use that spare half-hour to tool around the terminal rather than grabbing an overpriced candy bar from the newsstand. If you combine the calories you'll burn moving your feet and the calories you save not chomping the chocolate, you'll end up a grand total of 420 calories behind where you would have been.
5. Buy some bottled water once you've cleared security. Yes, the flight attendants on the plane will come around with the beverage cart once or twice, depending on the length of your flight, but you should drink more often than that to avoid dehydration, which can give you a headache and possibly raise your blood sugar. If you have to get up more often to use the bathroom, that's not a bad thing. Don't buy your water before you pass through security or you may be required to throw it out.
6. Ask at the gate for an exit row seat. These are seats you can only book once you're at the airport, and you can do it even if you already have a seat assignment—something not many people know. In an exit row you'll have oodles more room to stretch your legs.
7. Keep your feet on the move. To keep the blood flowing, do these simple foot exercises every half hour. With your heels on the floor, lift your toes up as far as possible. Hold for a few seconds, then release. Next, lift one foot slightly off the floor and draw circles in each direction with your toes. Repeat with the other foot. Finally, lift one heel as high as possible, keeping your toes on the floor. Repeat with the other foot.
8. For less stress, time your arrival at the airport just right. Nervous fliers can reduce their flight anxiety by leaving plenty of time to travel to the airport safely, park, check in with the agent, and get through security. Not leaving enough time to do these things will surely stress you out, which in turn will increase your blood glucose levels. For domestic flights on which you're checking a bag, arrive at the airport 90 minutes before the flight. For international flights, show up at least two hours before departure. Arrive 30 to 60 minutes earlier than that if you're flying during the holidays.
"Taekwondo is an empty-hand combat form that entails the use of the whole body. Tae means "to Kick" or "Smash with the feet," Kwon implies "punching" or "destroying with the hand or fist," and Do means "way" or "method." Taekwondo thus, is the technique of unarmed combat for self defense that involves the skillful application of techniques that include punching, jumping kicks, blocks, dodges, parrying actions with hands and feet. It is more than a mere physical fighting skill, representing as it does a way of thinking and a pattern of life requiring strict discipline. It is a system of training both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the development of the trainee's moral character."
Taekwondo is a martial art that in "todays" form of self defense has evolved by combining many different styles of martial arts that existed in Korea over the last 2,000 years and some martial arts styles from countries that surround Korea. Taekwondo incorporates the abrupt linear movements of Karate and the flowing, circular patterns of Kung-fu with native kicking techniques. Over fifty typically Chinese circular hand movements can be identified in modern Taekwondo.(1) A few of the earlier martial arts styles that contributed to Taekwondo are: T'ang-su, Taek Kyon, also known as Subak, Tae Kwon, Kwonpup and Tae Kwonpup. There are also influences from Judo, Karate, and Kung-fu.
"The earliest records of Taekwondo practice date back to about 50 B.C. During this time, Korea was divided into three kingdoms: Silla, which was founded on the Kyongju plain in 57 B.C.; Koguryo, founded in the Yalu River Valley in 37 B.C.; and Paekche, founded in the southwestern area of the Korean peninsula in 18 B.C.."(2) Tae Kyon ( also called Subak) is considered the earliest known form of Taekwondo. Paintings from this time period have been found on the ceiling of the Muyong-chong, a royal tomb from the Koguryo dynasty. The paintings show unarmed people using techniques that are very similar to the ones used by Taekwondo today.
1. Just because you deposited a check today doesn't mean you can start living it up tomorrow. It takes us three days on average to post the money to your account. (And why should we hurry? If you bounce a check, we collect around $30.) 2. Yes, we know the line is long and only one teller window is open, but no, the guy in the cubicle can't come over to help out. He may not be allowed to do a teller's job.
3. Call or visit in person to resolve a problem. Filling out online forms will usually get you the by-the-book reply, but a rep will often forgive a fee over the phone so we can all just get on with our lives.
4. Unless you're Wolfgang Puck, our loan officers have pretty much decided before you walk in that you're not getting a loan for your dream bistro. But they'll let you apply for one anyway. We're not crazy about lending to nonprofits and houses of worship either. We don't want the bad publicity when we go after them.
5. Our tellers routinely press you into opening new accounts because their jobs depend on it. Banks hire “mystery” customers who secretly test whether a teller is cross-selling services.
6. Don't blame us -- it's not our fault you can't control your spending. "The bank didn't make you swipe your card or write a check that you didn't have money for," says one teller in Akron, Ohio.
7. Postdating a check rarely works. With stacks of deposits to process, we look at account names, not dates. If the check bounces, you're liable.
8. Please don't haul in plastic bags of loose change. We really don't have the time or manpower to count it. Ask for free wrappers and bring in rolled coins next time.
9. Keep receipts for every ATM transaction -- and please don't feed cash directly into the machine without first putting it into an envelope (yes, people actually do this).
10. A consumer's brain registers an immediate "Ouch!" whenever he's hit with an itemized penalty, such as a bounced-check fee, so most people keep a much higher balance in their checking accounts than necessary, says personal-finance writer Jason Zweig. "Banks make a ton of money off this mental quirk since they would have to pay interest on the money if we left it in our savings accounts, where it belongs."
11. Banks don't always promote their checking accounts with the highest interest rate. Why tell you about those when you're already willing to sign up for an account that pays less?
12. A bank has the right to pay itself back out of your next deposit for any fees or overdraft loans that you owe.
13. Sorry, we can't afford to give out free toasters anymore to new customers. Business is brutal.
Interviews by Neena Samuel
Sources: David Bach, author of Fight for Your Money (spring 2009); Jason Zweig, author of Your Money & Your Brain (2007); Jean Ann Fox, director of financial services, Consumer Federation of America; anonymous bank employees in New York, Ohio, and Texas.
As a Weapon of Mass Construction Sumo wrestlers credit chanko-nabe -- a chunky stew of vegetables, broth, noodles, and meat or seafood-for their girth. They down it as a late breakfast after training for several hours, and while it clearly bulks up the 300-plus pounders, the meaty mixture contains nothing controversial. (In fact, many restaurants in Japan serve a similar dish.) Protocol demands that junior grapplers cook the dish daily for the champs, who get first dibs. One famous wrestler is said to have consumed 65 bowls of it-that's about 29 pounds of beef-in a single sitting. Lucky for him, the next scheduled activity after chanko-nabe is a nap.
As the Un-Donut If your shrinking budget can't lure you away from that 7 a.m. fancy coffee drink or sugary pastry, perhaps a nutritional news flash will. Recent studies have shown that eating a healthy breakfast can boost your memory and trim your waistline. So what makes the best morning meal? “A power shake packed with nutrients,” says nutritionist Oz Garcia. To turbocharge his own fruit smoothie, he adds flaxseed (with omega-3 fatty acids), pomegranate concentrate (with three times the antioxidants of red wine), almond butter, green tea extract, blueberries, wheat germ, garlic, and probiotic yogurt.
As a Marketing Marvel Breakfast cereal is now a $9 billion business. But back in the day, when John Harvey Kellogg set out on a national health crusade, cereal had a more select fan club. In the late 1890s, Kellogg and other Seventh Day Adventists cooked up the first batch of cornflakes in his Battle Creek, Michigan, laboratory, touting it as a cure for constipation. But breakfast-in-a-box really took off in 1949, after the chairman of Kellogg's happened to share a train ride with legendary adman Leo Burnett. Soon after, the men joined forces to market cereal directly to kids. Brightly packaged boxes helped-Norman Rockwell designed the one above, which hit store shelves in 1955-as did big spending on some of the earliest color TV commercials.
As a Learning Incentive When American kids eat breakfast, studies show, their test scores improve. In Third World countries, the morning meal has an even more pivotal role. In rural Cambodia, when a bowl or two of rice with split peas is provided first thing in school, children journey from miles away to learn. When free meals go away-as was the case for a month and a half last spring when rising rice prices forced the World Food Program to suspend its breakfast program-so do as many as one third of the kids. The students stay home, WFP program director Thomas Keusters explains, to search for frogs and crabs to eat instead.
A value that never ever get from book.... Appreciate your family... I in my house now while writting this comment. This is my 1st sem break.. and this is my 6th day at here... I realise that my home town changed already (the enviroment- many trees been cut and many develoment, everything seems to become negative ), but the only thing that not change here is my family... Their LOVE never change but become stronger than ever.... FAMILY... only they will be right beside you when you are in trouble, when you are in sadness, when you are in happiness.... nothing is more important than your family... So, since they are still here with me, i should appreciate this moment.... And i will not forget this.. let it be a `uneraserable' memory...
Once a girl asked a boy.. "Do you think I'm pretty?" The boy said "No" The girl asked.. "Do you want to spend your life with me?" The boy said.."No" The girl asked.."Will you be sad if I go away from your life now?" The boy said "No" The girl had heard enough. She couldn't take it any longer. She loved the boy too much. So the girl turned around and started to walk away with tears running down her face, her silent tears blurring her vision. But suddenly the boy grabbed her wrist from behind and gently turned her around.. kissed her....and said.. "I don't think you are pretty...you are Beautiful... I don't WANT to spend my life with you...I NEED to spend life with you... If you leave me now..and go away forever...I won't cry.....I’d die.."
Durian........mmmmm The durian (pronounced /ˈdʊəriən/) is the fruit of trees from the genus Durio belonging to the Malvaceae, a large family which includes hibiscus, okra, cotton, mallows, and linden trees. Widely known and revered in Southeast Asia as the "King of Fruits", the fruit is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to four kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.
The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour, strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Regarded by some as fragrant, others as overpowering and offensive, the smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust. The odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia.
The durian, native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, has been known to the western world for about 600 years. The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace famously described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds" in the 19th century. The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked. The name durian comes from the Malay word duri (thorn) with suffix -an.
There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; most of them have a common name and a code number starting with "D". Many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.
i read an article about orang utan.the summary that i can maje from it thatThe orangutans are two species of great apes. Known for their intelligence, they live in trees and they are the largest living arboreal animal. They have longer arms than other great apes, and their hair is reddish-brown, instead of the brown or black hair typical of other great apes. Native to Indonesia and Malaysia, they are currently found only in rainforests on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, though fossils have been found in Java, Vietnam and China. They are the only surviving species in the genus Pongo and the subfamily Ponginae (which also includes the extinct genera Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus). Their name derives from the Malay and Indonesian phrase orang hutan, meaning "man of the forest". The orangutan is an official state animal of Sabah in Malaysia.The word orangutan (also written orang-utan, orang utan and orangutang) is derived from the Malay and Indonesian words orang meaning "person" and hutan meaning "forest", thus "person of the forest". Orang Hutan is the common term in these two national languages, although local peoples may also refer to them by local languages. Maias and mawas are also used in Malay, but it is unclear if those words refer only to orangutans, or to all apes in general.
Cristiano Ronaldo arrived in Manchester amid a media storm. Manchester United had managed to sign the player without the Press suspecting anything. As the Stock Market was told that the player had been signed, hundreds of journalists flooded up to Manchester to get a proper look at one of Manchester United's youngest signings.
Ronaldo was born on the 5th February 1985, on the small island of Madeira, which is owned by the Portuguese. Named after Ronald Reagan, due to his father's respect for the man, few would have gambled that this child would make it to the very top of the Football tree, especially with Madeira mainly being used for farm-land. He has one brother and two sisters, and it is family whom he deems most important in his life at the moment.
It was on the dusty back-streets of this small island that Ronaldo learnt his first few tricks, and it was also on this Island that he was first scouted. By the age of twelve Ronaldo had established himself as the best player on the Island, able to use his ball skills and pace to get past full-grown defenders for Andorinha.
Having been recognised as a serious talent, all that was left was for the big Portuguese clubs to scrap it out for his signature. Though Porto and Boavista came in for him, he could only ever play for Sporting the club he supported as a boy.
He progressed slowly through the youth ranks, although all those who worked with him were impressed with the talent that he had for his age, as well as his maturity.
At the tender age of 17, Ronaldo was thrown in at the deep end with his first game against Moreirense. Two goals on his first appearance not only gave him his dream debut, but also endeared him to the fans, who soon learnt to chant for the ball to be passed to him. A goal against title-rivals Boavista also saw him rise to the top of the "Fan's Favourites" list.
His skills were watched closely by all of the big clubs in Europe, including Liverpool and Juventus, in the U-17 European Championships. His dazzling skills put England U-17s out, and everyone who watched felt they had seen something special.
At the end of his first season at Sporting he was linked to Liverpool. Though he claimed he was extremely happy at Sporting, he was also flattered by the interest of such a big club, who used to do well in the Premier League.
Sporting finished top in the league, and Ronaldo was hailed as the future of the club, alongside Quaresma, another Portuguese Starlet.
As it was, both moved away, with the money on the table to much for the Portuguese club to turn down. Best-friend Quaresma ended up at Barcelona, whilst Ronaldo came to the bright red of Manchester.
Feeling worried or nervous is a normal part of everyday life. Everyone frets or feels anxious from time to time. Mild to moderate anxiety can help you focus your attention, energy, and motivation. If anxiety is severe, you may have feelings of helplessness, confusion, and extreme worry that are out of proportion with the actual seriousness or likelihood of the feared event. Overwhelming anxiety that interferes with daily life is not normal. This type of anxiety may be a symptom of another problem, such as depression.
anxiety can cause physical and emotional symptoms. A specific situation or fear can cause some or all of these symptoms for a short time. When the situation passes, the symptoms usually go away.
Physical symptoms of anxiety include:
* Trembling, twitching, or shaking. * Feeling of fullness in the throat or chest. * Breathlessness or rapid heartbeat. * Lightheadedness or dizziness. * Sweating or cold, clammy hands. * Feeling jumpy. * Muscle tension, aches, or soreness (myalgias). * Extreme tiredness. * Sleep problems, such as the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, early waking, or restlessness (not feeling rested when you wake up).
Anxiety affects the part of the brain that helps control how you communicate. This makes it more difficult to express yourself creatively or function effectively in relationships. Emotional symptoms of anxiety include:
* Restlessness, irritability, or feeling on edge or keyed up. * Worrying too much. * Fearing that something bad is going to happen; feeling doomed. * Inability to concentrate; feeling like your mind goes blank.
Cristiano Ronaldo's rise to the very top of the game continued. The season started off slowly, with Manchester United falling off the pace with their worst start to the Premier League ever!
It didn't take too long before Cristiano was knocking in the goals, however, and United soon started to win, adn win well.
Over the course of the season, Ronaldo went on to score 42 goals - which is phenomenal as a winger. He had a few misses that will be remembered less affectionately by the fans - penalty misses at West Ham (which would have got 3 points for United instead of one), a penalty miss in the first leg of the Champions League semis against Barcelona, in Barcelona, and the miss from the spot in the Champions League Final.
With Ronaldo able to guarantee goals for the team and an ultra-mean defence, United won the Premier League (again!), and a historic Double was completed when United beat Chelsea in Moscow on penalties - Ronaldo headed United in front, but was left in tears when he missed his shot. All John Terry needed to do was score from 12 yards to win the Champions League, but thankfully he missed! Ronaldo was saved, United went on to win in sudden death, adn everyone was ecstatic!
Moments after the victory Ronaldo told the fans 'I'm staying', but just days later there was confusion, which dragged on all summer, as to where Ronaldo would be playing in 08/09. The player himself made it clear he wanted to move to Real Madrid, describing it as a 'Dream Move', but United refused all offers.
Following a disappointing Quarter-Final exit in Euro 2008, Ronaldo had traetment for an ankle injury, and returned to Manchester United only after Sir Alex Ferguson had talked him round!
A reader recently asked whether it was abnormal for people to talk to themselves.
I don't believe there's anything unusual in someone speaking out loud to no one in particular, or when no one else is around. For some people, it's simply a habit; they may be using it to keep themselves organized, stay focused, and remind themselves what to do next.
Some people talk out loud when they feel lonely. Or others will reflect on their actions with comments such as "Great job," "I'm glad that's finally done," or "That was really stupid."
And who doesn't occasionally talk back to the radio or television, especially when engaged in viewing sports events or listening to a despised politician?
On the other hand, sometimes talking to oneself can indeed be a manifestation of mental illness. Some people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia may lose touch with reality and experience auditory hallucinations of voices. They feel compelled to respond to "their" voices and even carry on extensive conversations. It's not unusual in downtown areas of big cities to see homeless people, quite oblivious to their surroundings, conversing earnestly when no one else is nearby.
When people seem to be carrying on conversations with themselves these days, however, it most often means they have a Bluetooth earpiece and a cell phone. These one-sided conversations can be pretty annoying if you're stuck in front of such a caller in a line for any length of time.
So... there are plenty of situations when talking out loud to yourself or to no one in particular is perfectly appropriate and socially acceptable. But when we have to listen to lengthy one-sided conversations from a cell phone user, we call it "noise pollution."
Who, finally, are the crazy ones? It's the oblivious cell phone talkers who don't look where they are going, don't care who hears every mind-numbing detail about their business and personal affairs, and couldn't care less that they're driving everyone within earshot... a little mad. They should know better.
Do you believe in UFO? Let me tell you something, you have to believe in UFOs - these unidentified flying objects. I’m a firm believer and by the end of todays posting, you simply must agree with me. Okay, most of us learn about UFOs in TV programs and movies. There’s plentiful of them ranging from crass comedy to seductively scientific. There are also various groups who’ve dedicated their lives in studying and trying to prove or disprove each UFO sighting claims. Some claims that advanced construction demonstrated by ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations are due to visiting aliens that taught them how to build those fancy pyramids. We all have this images in our mind - the simple Mayan folks peacefully tending to their slash and burn crops and chasing after wild pigs, suddenly they came across these shining machinery with flashing lights and strange looking people with strange looking clothes. The Mayans gave them gifts, submit themselves and their women to this stranger and in return the aliens gave them new technology. Fancy schmancy science fiction you said? What if I tell you that all this could be happening right now? I mean now.. as in year 2008 on our very own planet Earth? Actually this could very well be the situation in Amazon, one of the few remaining unchartered territories of the world. A report on National Geographic highlights the plight of “Unseen Tribes” in the Amazon that may be threatened by Oil Explorations in the otherwise unspoilt thick tropical jungles. Check out the following comments on Oil Company’s circular to their staffs where they take seriously the potential threat caused by meeting of two civilisations. (Bear in mind the UFO visualisation just now) The two documents, obtained by National Geographic News, advise workers to be on the lookout for footprints, spears, arrows, and other signs of humans. The Barrett manual advises workers that uncontacted natives might become curious about noises, helicopters, and lights, causing them to leave items that signal a desire to make contact with workers. Such items may include “vessels containing valuable seeds or plantain drinks, necklaces, baskets, snails, gourds, feathers or other objects used for exchange,” the document says. Both plans prohibit workers from having any contact with natives or giving them food or other objects. The documents order workers to treat Indians peacefully, making efforts to protect them from illnesses. If unintended contact is made, the manuals instruct guides to initiate communication with natives in local tongues. If peaceful dialogue cannot be established, according to the Repsol document, workers should attempt to make loud noises with whistles, shouts, and megaphones. Now, replace the “natives” with ancient Mayans or Egyptians and the helicopter of the Oil Company with the UFOs. You can bet that these natives will see the Oil Company’s staff with colorful overall very much like those Aliens. Maybe not as dramatic, but we are as alien to them (big head, shiny glasses, etc..etc) as the aliens-from-space. Now…if you add to that the element of time-slip or parallel world….
Microsoft has kicked off a research project to create software that will take over when it retires Windows.
Called Midori, the cut-down operating system is radically different to Microsoft's older programs. It is centred on the internet and does away with the dependencies that tie Windows to a single PC. It is seen as Microsoft's answer to rivals' use of "virtualisation" as a way to solve many of the problems of modern-day computing. Tie breaking Although Midori has been heard about before now, more details have now been published by Software Development Times after viewing internal Microsoft documents describing the technology. Midori is believed to be under development because Windows is unlikely to be able to cope with the pace of change in future technology and the way people use it. Windows worked well in an age when most people used one machine to do all their work. The operating system acted as the holder for the common elements Windows programs needed to call on. "If you think about how an operating system is loaded," said Dave Austin, European director of products at Citrix, "it's loaded onto a hard disk physically located on that machine. "The operating system is tied very tightly to that hardware," he said. That, he said, created all kinds of dependencies that arose out of the collection of hardware in a particular machine. If Windows ends up being less important over time as applications become more OS agnostic where will Microsoft make its money?
Michael Silver, Gartner This means, he said, that Windows can struggle with more modern ways of working in which people are very mobile and very promiscuous in the devices they use to get at their data - be that pictures, spreadsheets or e-mail. Equally, he said, when people worked or played now, they did it using a combination of data and processes held locally or in any of a number of other places online. When asked about Midori by BBC News, Microsoft issued a statement that said: "Midori is one of many incubation projects underway at Microsoft. It's simply a matter of being too early in the incubation to talk about it." Virtual machines Midori is widely seen as an ambitious attempt by Microsoft to catch up on the work on virtualisation being undertaken in the wider computer industry. Darren Brown, data centre lead at consulting firm Avanade, said virtualisation had first established itself in data centres among companies with huge numbers of servers to manage. Putting applications, such as an e-mail engine or a database, on one machine brought up all kinds of problems when those machines had to undergo maintenance, needed updating or required a security patch to be applied. By putting virtual servers on one physical box, companies had been able to shrink the numbers of machines they managed and get more out of them, he said. "The real savings are around physical management of the devices and associated licensing," he said. "Physically, there is less tin to manage."
Equally, said Mr Brown, if one physical server failed the virtualised application could easily be moved to a separate machine. "The same benefits apply to the PC," he said. "Within the Microsoft environment, we have struggled for years with applications that are written so poorly that they will not work with others. "Virtualising this gives you a couple of new ways to tackle those traditional problems," he said. Many companies were still using very old applications that existing operating systems would not run, he said. By putting a virtual machine on a PC, those older programs can be kept going. A virtual machine, like its name implies, is a software copy of a computer complete with operating system and associated programs. Closing Windows "On the desktop we are seeing people place great value in being able to abstract the desktop from actual physical hardware," said Dan Chu, vice president of emerging products and markets at virtualisation specialist VMWare.
Some virtual machines, he said, acted like Windows PCs to all intents and purposes. But many virtual machines were now emerging that were tuned for a particular industry, sector or job. "People take their application, the operating system they want to run it against, package it up along with policy and security they want and use that as a virtual client," he said. In such virtual machines, the core of the operating system can be very small and easy to transfer to different devices. This, many believe, is the idea behind Midori - to create a lightweight portable operating system that can easily be mated to many different applications. Microsoft's licensing terms for Windows currently prohibited it acting this way within a virtual appliance, said Mr Chu. Michael Silver, research vice president at Gartner, said the development of Midori was a sensible step for Microsoft. "The value of Microsoft Windows, of what that product is today, will diminish as more applications move to the web and Microsoft needs to edge out in front of that," he said. "I would be surprised if there was definitive evidence that nothing like this was not kicking around," he said. The big problem that Microsoft faced in doing away with Windows, he said, was how to re-make its business to cope. "Eighty percent of Windows sales are made when a new PC is sold," he said. "That's a huge amount of money for them that they do not have to go out and get. "If Windows ends up being less important over time as applications become more OS agnostic where will Microsoft make its money?" he asked.
Here is one interesting facts that I found in the web.
The history of rock music isn't cut and dry. Many individuals debate who the first rock singer was and what the first rock song was. However, it is known that the history of rock music comes from the old R&B mixed with some country and western and fused with a little rockabilly.
The exact time period that the history or rock music started in is not known. There were rock and roll elements showing up in blues songs and old country western songs as far back as the 20's and 30's. By the 1950's the history or rock music had begun.
The phrase rock and roll used to have a sexual connotation attached to it. The phrase sometimes contained to two meanings. It appeared to mean dancing but was also associated with sex. It was first used in the title of Trixi Smith's 1920's song, “My baby rocks me with one steady roll.” However, it was Alan Freed a disc jockey from Ohio that first came up with the phrase rock and roll in 1955. With that, the history of rock music was well under way.
As stated before, just who started the history of rock music is under debate. This is because rock and roll music evolved from different genres and some songs that belonged to the blues, jazz, country, and gospel genres offered elements that could be considered rock and roll. However, it was Bill Haley's song, “Rock around the clock” that became popular enough to top the Billboard music charts.
In the history or rock music there have been many icons. Among the earliest rock stars are names like Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard. These early stars of the history or rock music led to the popularization or rock and a culture change that shocked the world. The dance crazes, fashion styles, and pop culture that followed the early history of rock music were made possible by these early stars.so,rock on UMPians!
Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, and affection and respect along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis. Friends will welcome each other's company and exhibit loyalty towards each other, often to the point of altruism. Their tastes will usually be similar and may converge, and they will share enjoyable activities. They will also engage in mutually helping behavior, such as exchange of advice and the sharing of hardship. A friend is someone who may often demonstrate reciprocating and reflective behaviors. Yet for many, friendship is nothing more than the trust that someone or something will not harm them.
Value that is found in friendships is often the result of a friend demonstrating the following on a consistent basis:
* the tendency to desire what is best for the other, * sympathy and empathy, * honesty, perhaps in situations where it may be difficult for others to speak the truth, especially in terms of pointing out the perceived faults of one's counterpart * mutual understanding.
In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although there is a range of degrees of intimacy in both friendships and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Various theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social psychology, social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.
90 comments:
SUPERNATURAL????
Arguments against a supernatural reality
Many thinkers suggest that if a phenomenon is by definition outside of the realm of science, it therefore cannot be experienced and has by definition no impact on our lives.
1.Our knowledge of the world is continuously increasing. Some occurrences, once assumed supernatural, can today be explained by scientific theories.
2.Many suggested supernatural phenomena vanish when they are examined closely. There have been, for example, various studies on astrology, most of them with negative results(a single positive result cannot outweigh many negative ones, as it can be expected by mere chance).
3.Supernaturality may be a remnant of a static world view. It comes from a time when the growth of human knowledge was appreciably slower than at present. As another example, the Aristotelian Mechanics were considered valid for more than a thousand years.
4.Some naturalists argue that the process of observing an event contradicts the definition of "supernatural", therefore, no event that can be observed can actually be described as supernatural. This leads to the conclusion that if there were supernatural events and beings, we would not be able to know about them.
5.A majority of supernaturalists of any given supernatural religion only believe in a very narrow subset of all supernatural explanations of reality when all the supernatural beliefs of all supernatural religions, past and present, are taken together. The vast majority of Christians today do not think that we are reincarnated, nor do the vast majority of today’s Hindus think that everyone permanently goes to heaven or hell when they die. This differentiates a Hindu from a Christian. Since for both groups in this example the reasons for their particular choices do not differ in any discernible way, to then make claims about the "truth" of their own beliefs and the "untruth" of the opposing beliefs would not be fair and honest. Thus some[who?] say either accept all religious claims for the same reasons or reject all religious claims for the same reasons.
6.Humans are capable of having delusions that cannot be recognized.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatural
Paranormal subjects
GHOST
For believers, ghosts are generally seen to be the spirit or soul of a deceased person. Alternative theories expand on that idea and include belief in the ghosts of deceased animals. Sometimes the term "ghost" is used synonymously with any spirit or demon, however in popular usage the term typically refers to a deceased person.
The belief in ghosts as souls of the departed is closely tied to the concept of animism, an ancient belief which attributed souls to everything in nature. As the nineteenth-century anthropologist James Frazer explained in his classic work, The Golden Bough, souls were seen as the creature within that animated the body. Although the human soul was sometimes symbolically or literally depicted in ancient cultures as a bird or other animal, it was widely held that the soul was an exact reproduction of the body in every feature, even down to clothing the person wore. This is depicted in artwork from various ancient cultures, including such works as the Egyptian Book of the Dead, which shows deceased people in the afterlife appearing much as they did before death, including the style of dress.
A widespread belief concerning ghosts is that they are composed of a misty, airy, or subtle material. Anthropologists speculate that this may also stem from early beliefs that ghosts were the person within the person, most noticeable in ancient cultures as a person's breath, which upon exhaling in colder climates appears visibly as a white mist. This belief may have also fostered the metaphorical meaning of "breath" in certain languages, such as the Latin spiritus and the Greek pneuma, which by analogy became extended to mean the soul. In the Bible, God is depicted as animating Adam with a breath.
Numerous theories have been proposed by skeptics to provide non-paranormal explanations for ghosts sightings. Although the evidence for ghosts is largely anecdotal, the belief in ghosts throughout history has remained widespread and persistent.
UFOs
The possibility of extraterrestrial life is not, by itself, a paranormal subject. Many scientists are actively engaged in the search for unicellular life within the solar system, carrying out studies on the surface of Mars and examining meteors that have fallen to Earth. Projects such as SETI are conducting an astronomical search for radio activity that would show evidence of intelligent life outside the solar system. Scientific theories of how life developed on Earth allow for the possibility that life developed on other planets as well. The paranormal aspect of extraterrestrial life centers largely around the belief in unidentified flying objects and the phenomena said to be associated with them.
Early in the history of UFO culture, believers divided themselves into two camps. The first held a rather conservative view of the phenomena, interpreting it as unexplained occurrences that merited serious study. They began calling themselves "ufologists" in the 1950s and felt that logical analysis of sighting reports would validate the notion of extraterrestrial visitation.
The second camp consisted of individuals who coupled ideas of extraterrestrial visitation with beliefs from existing quasi-religious movements. These individuals typically were enthusiasts of occultism and the paranormal. Many had backgrounds as active Theosophists, Spiritualists, or were followers of other esoteric doctrines. In contemporary times, many of these beliefs have coalesced into New Age spiritual movements.
Both secular and spiritual believers describe UFOs as having abilities beyond what is considered possible according to aerodynamics and physical laws. The transitory events surrounding many UFO sightings also limits the opportunity for repeat testing required by the scientific method. Acceptance of UFO theories by the larger scientific community is further hindered by the many possible hoaxes associated with UFO culture.
International disciplines (non-folk styles)
Wrestling disciplines defined by FILA, are broken down into two categories; International wrestling disciplines and folk wrestling disciplines. According to the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles, there are five current International wrestling disciplines acknowledged throughout the world. They are Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Grappling, Beach wrestling and Sambo.
A Greco-Roman wrestling match in the United States
A Greco-Roman wrestling match in the United States
Main article: Greco-Roman wrestling
Greco-Roman is an international discipline and an Olympic sport. "In Greco-Roman style, it is forbidden to hold the opponent below the belt, to make trips, and to actively use the legs in the execution of any action." Recent rule changes in Greco-Roman increase opportunities for and place greater emphasis on explosive, 'high amplitude' throws. One of the most well known Greco-Roman wrestlers is Alexander Karelin from Russia.
Main article: Submission Wrestling
"Grappling is a wrestling style also called submission wrestling or “submission grappling” which consists of controlling the opponent without using striking, in standing position or on the ground after a throw, and to make him or her abandon thanks to immobilisation techniques such as locks. Grappling plays an important role in the practice of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) and can be used as a self-defence technique. It brings together techniques from Brazilian jiu-jitsu (no-Gi), Freestyle Wrestling, Folk American Wrestling (catch-as-catch-can), Sambo and judo.".[17] Grappling is also used to describe the skills used in mixed martial arts competitions, differing from the FILA definition. Grappling can be trained for self defense, sport and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition.
Female wrestling
Female wrestling
Apparently in a bid to give wrestling greater appeal to television audiences, FILA adopted beach wrestling as an official discipline during 2004-2005. Beach wrestling is standing wrestling done by wrestlers, male or female, inside a sand-filled circle measuring 6 meters (20 ft) in diameter. There are only two weight categories, heavy and light. The objective is to throw your opponent or take your opponent to his or her back. The wrestlers wear swimsuits rather than special wrestling uniforms. Wrestlers may also wear spandex or athletic shorts.
Main article: Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a martial art that originated in the Soviet Union (particular Russia) in the 20th century. It is an acronym for "self-defence without weapons" in Russian and had its origins in the Soviet armed forces. Its influences are varied, with techniques borrowed from sports ranging from the two international styles of Greco-Roman and freestyle to judo, jujutsu, European styles of folk wrestling, and even fencing. The rules for sport sambo are similar to those allowed in competitive judo, with a variety of leglocks and defense holds from the various national wrestling styles in the Soviet Union, while not allowing chokeholds.
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me08069
Clothing
Main article: History of Western fashion
The habit of people continually changing the style of clothing worn, which is now worldwide, at least among urban populations, is generally held by historians to be a distinctively Western one.[dubious – discuss] At other periods in Ancient Rome and other cultures changes in costume occurred, often at times of economic or social change, but then a long period without large changes followed. In 8th century Cordoba, Spain, Ziryab, a famous musician - a star in modern terms - is said to have introduced sophisticated clothing styles based on seasonal and daily timings from his native Baghdad and his own inspiration.
English caricature of Tippies of 1796
English caricature of Tippies of 1796
The beginnings of the habit in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in styles can be fairly clearly dated to the middle of the 14th century, to which historians including James Laver and Fernand Braudel date the start of Western fashion in clothing.[2][3] The most dramatic manifestation was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment, from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing on the chest to look bigger. This created the distinctive Western male outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers which is still with us today.
The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and men's fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing. Art historians are therefore able to use fashion in dating images with increasing confidence and precision, often within five years in the case of 15th century images. Initially changes in fashion led to a fragmentation of what had previously been very similar styles of dressing across the upper classes of Europe, and the development of distinctive national styles, which remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, finally those from Ancien Régime in France.[4] Though fashion was always led by the rich, the increasing affluence of early modern Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance sometimes uncomfortably close for the elites - a factor Braudel regards as one of the main motors of changing fashion.
The fashions of the West are generally unparalleled either in antiquity or in the other great civilizations of the world. Early Western travellers, whether to Persia, Turkey, Japan or China frequently remark on the absence of changes in fashion there, and observers from these other cultures comment on the unseemly pace of Western fashion, which many felt suggested an instability and lack of order in Western culture. The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years. However in Ming China, for example, there is considerable evidence for rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing,
Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her taller.
Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice, in. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her taller.
Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, and at this period national differences were at their most pronounced, as Albrecht Dürer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). The "Spanish style" of the end of the century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid 17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.
Though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year, the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut changed more slowly. Men's fashions largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat or necktie.
The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the increased publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles; though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France as patterns since the 16th century, and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion from the 1620s. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike (or thought they were): local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant.
Although tailors and dressmakers were no doubt responsible for many innovations before, and the textile industry certainly led many trends, the history of fashion design is normally taken to date from 1858, when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first true haute couture house in Paris. Since then the professional designer has become a progressively more dominant figure, despite the origins of many fashions in street fashion.
Modern Westerners have a wide choice available in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect that person's personality or likes. When people who have cultural status start to wear new or different clothes a fashion trend may start. People who like or respect them may start to wear clothes of a similar style.
Fashions may vary considerably within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation sexual orientation, and geography as well as over time. If, for example, an older person dresses according to the fashion of young people, he or she may look ridiculous in the eyes of both young and older people. The terms "fashionista" or "fashion victim" refer to someone who slavishly follows the current fashions
One can regard the system of sporting various fashions as a fashion language incorporating various fashion statements using a grammar of fashion. (Compare some of the work of Roland Barthes.)
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Far field
Means for long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit. (U.S. Patent 1,309,031 )
Means for long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit. (U.S. Patent 1,309,031 )
These methods achieve longer ranges, often multiple kilometre ranges, where the distance is much greater than the diameter of the device(s).
Radio and microwave
Main article: Microwave power transmission
The earliest work in the area of wireless transmission via radio waves was performed by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in 1888. A later Guglielmo Marconi worked with a modified form of Hertz's transmitter. Nikola Tesla also investigated radio transmission and reception.
Japanese researcher Hidetsugu Yagi also investigated wireless energy transmission using a directional array antenna that he designed. In February 1926, Yagi and Uda published their first paper on the tuned high-gain directional array now known as the Yagi antenna. While it did not prove to be particularly useful for power transmission, this beam antenna has been widely adopted throughout the broadcasting and wireless telecommunications industries due to its excellent performance characteristics.
Power transmission via radio waves can be made more directional, allowing longer distance power beaming, with shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically in the microwave range. A rectenna may be used to convert the microwave energy back into electricity. Rectenna conversion efficiencies exceeding 95% have been realized. Power beaming using microwaves has been proposed for the transmission of energy from orbiting solar power satellites to Earth and the beaming of power to spacecraft leaving orbit has been considered.
Power beaming by microwaves has the difficulty that for most space applications the required aperture sizes are very large. For example, the 1978 NASA Study of solar power satellites required a 1-km diameter transmitting antenna, and a 10 km diameter receiving rectenna, for a microwave beam at 2.45 GHz. These sizes can be somewhat decreased by using shorter wavelengths, although short wavelengths may have difficulties with atmospheric absorption and beam blockage by rain or water droplets. Because of the Thinned array curse, it is not possible to make a narrower beam by combining the beams of several smaller satellites.
For earthbound applications a large area 10 km diameter receiving array allows large total power levels to be used while operating at the low power density suggested for human electromagnetic exposure safety. A human safe power density of 1 mW/cm2 distributed across a 10 km diameter area corresponds to 750 megawatts total power level. This is the power level found in many modern electric power plants.
High power
Wireless Power Transmission (using microwaves) is well proven. Experiments in the tens of kilowatts have been performed at Goldstone in California in 1975[6][7][19] and more recently (1997) at Grand Bassin on Reunion Island.
These methods achieve distances on the order of a kilometer.
Low power
A new company, Powercast introduced wireless power transfer technology using RF energy at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show, winning best Emerging Technology. The Powercast system is applicable for a number of devices with low power requirements. This could include LEDs, computer peripherals, wireless sensors, and medical implants. Currently, it achieves a maximum output of 6 volts for a little over one meter. It is expected for arrival late 2007.
A different low-power wireless power technology has been proposed by Landis.
[edit] Laser
With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight of an aircraft powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.
With a laser beam centered on its panel of photovoltaic cells, a lightweight model plane makes the first flight of an aircraft powered by a laser beam inside a building at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.
In the case of light, power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam that is then fired at a solar cell receiver. This is generally known as "powerbeaming". Its drawbacks are:
1. Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is moderately inefficient (although quantum cascade lasers improve this)
2. Conversion back into electricity is moderately inefficient, with photovoltaic cells achieving 40%-50% efficiency.[24] (Note that conversion efficiency is rather higher with monochromatic light than with insolation of solar panels).
3. Atmospheric absorption causes losses.
4. As with microwave beaming, this method requires a direct line of sight with the target.
NASA has demonstrated flight of a lightweight model plane powered by a laser beam.
Electrical conduction
Main article: Electrical conduction
Electrical energy can also be transmitted by means of electrical currents made to flow through naturally existing conductors, specifically the earth, lakes and oceans, and through the atmosphere — a natural medium that can be made conducting if the breakdown voltage is exceeded and the gas becomes ionized. For example, when a high voltage is applied across a neon tube the gas becomes ionized and a current passes between the two internal electrodes. In a practical wireless energy transmission system using this principle, a high-power ultraviolet beam might be used to form a vertical ionized channel in the air directly above the transmitter-receiver stations. The same concept is used in virtual lightning rods, the electrolaser electroshock weapon and has been proposed for disabling vehicles.
The Tesla effect.
The Tesla effect.
A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity was proposed by Nikola Tesla as early as 1904. The Tesla effect is the application of a type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter; not just the production of voltage across a conductor).
Instead of depending on induction at a distance to light the tube [... the] ideal way of lighting a hall or room would [...] be to produce such a condition in it that an illuminating device could be moved and put anywhere, and that it is lighted, no matter where it is put and without being electrically connected to anything. I have been able to produce such a condition by creating in the room a powerful, rapidly alternating electrostatic field. For this purpose I suspend a sheet of metal a distance from the ceiling on insulating cords and connect it to one terminal of the induction coil, the other terminal being preferably connected to the ground. Or else I suspend two sheets as [...] each sheet being connected with one of the terminals of the coil, and their size being carefully determined. An exhausted tube may then be carried in the hand anywhere between the sheets or placed anywhere, even a certain distance beyond them; it remains always luminous.
Through longitudinal waves, an operator uses the Tesla effect in the wireless transfer of energy to a receiving device. The Tesla effect is a type of high field gradient between electrode plates for wireless energy transfer.
Wireless transmission of power and energy demonstration during his high frequency and potential lecture of 1891.
Wireless transmission of power and energy demonstration during his high frequency and potential lecture of 1891.
The Tesla effect uses high frequency alternating current potential differences transmitted between two plates or nodes. The electrostatic forces through natural media across a conductor situated in the changing magnetic flux can transfer power to the conducting receiving device (such as Tesla's wireless bulbs).
Currently, the effect has been appropriated by some in the fringe scientific community as an effect which purportedly causes man-made earthquakes from electromagnetic standing waves, related to Tesla's telegeodynamics mechanical earth-resonance concepts. A number of modern writers have "reinterpreted" and expanded upon Tesla's original writings. In the process, they have sometimes invoked behavior and phenomena that are inconsistent with experimental observation. On the other hand, a number of researchers have experimented with Tesla's basic wireless energy transmission system design and made physical observations that are inconsistent with some basic tenets of mainstream science[citation needed].
The Tesla world wireless system would combine electrical power transmission along with broadcasting and wireless telecommunications, allowing for the elimination of many existing high-tension power transmission lines and facilitate the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale. However, a close reading of Tesla's patents suggests that he may have misinterpreted the 25-70 km nodal structures associated with lightning that he observed during his 1899 Colorado Springs experiments in terms of circumglobally propagating standing waves instead of as the well known local interference between direct and reflected waves between the ground and the ionosphere (not known to exist at the time). Many of the properties of the real earth-ionosphere cavity that have subsequently been mapped in great detail were unknown to Tesla, and a consideration of the earth-ionosphere waveguide propagation parameters as they are known today shows that Tesla's concept of a global wireless power grid is not practically realizable.
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Petroleum industry
Main article: Petroleum industry
The petroleum industry is involved in the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often with oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.
Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrialized civilization itself, and thus is critical concern to many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. Other geographic regions’ consumption patterns are as follows: South and Central America (44%), Africa (41%), and North America (40%). The world at large consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil per year, and the top oil consumers largely consist of developed nations. In fact, 24% of the oil consumed in 2004 went to the United States alone.[15] The production, distribution, refining, and retailing of petroleum taken as a whole represent the single largest industry in terms of dollar value on earth.
See also: Price of petroleum, Oil price increases since 2003, and Gasoline usage and pricing
Petroleum exploration
Main article: Hydrocarbon exploration
Extraction
Main article: Extraction of petroleum
The most common method of obtaining petroleum is extracting it from oil wells found in oil fields. With improved technologies and higher demand for hydrocarbons various methods are applied in petroleum exploration and development to optimize the recovery of oil and gas (Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR). Primary recovery methods are used to extract oil that is brought to the surface by underground pressure, and can generally recover about 20% of the oil present. The natural pressure can come from several different sources; where it is provided by an underlying water layer it is called a water drive reservoir and where it is from the gas cap above it is called gas drive. After the reservoir pressure has depleted to the point that the oil is no longer brought to the surface, secondary recovery methods draw another 5 to 10% of the oil in the well to the surface. In a water drive oil field, water can be injected into the water layer below the oil, and in a gas drive field it can be injected into the gas cap above to repressurize the reservoir. Finally, when secondary oil recovery methods are no longer viable, tertiary recovery methods reduce the viscosity of the oil in order to bring more to the surface. These may involve the injection of heat, vapor, surfactants, solvents, or miscible gases as in carbon dioxide flooding.
Alternative methods
During the oil price increases since 2003, alternative methods of producing oil gained importance. The most widely known alternatives involve extracting oil from sources such as oil shale or tar sands. These resources exist in large quantities; however, extracting the oil at low cost without excessively harming the environment remains a challenge.
It is also possible to chemically transform methane or coal into the various hydrocarbons found in oil. The best-known such method is the Fischer-Tropsch process. It was a concept pioneered during the 1920s in Germany to extract oil from coal and became central to Nazi Germany's war efforts when imports of petroleum were restricted due to war. It was known as Ersatz (English:"substitute") oil, and accounted for nearly half the total oil used in WWII by Germany. However, the process was used only as a last resort as naturally occurring oil was much cheaper. As crude oil prices increase, the cost of coal to oil conversion becomes comparatively cheaper. The method involves converting high ash coal into synthetic oil in a multi-stage process.[citation needed]
Currently, two companies have commercialised their Fischer-Tropsch technology. Shell Oil in Bintulu, Malaysia, uses natural gas as a feedstock, and produces primarily low-sulfur diesel fuels.[16] Sasol[17] in South Africa uses coal as a feedstock, and produces a variety of synthetic petroleum products.
The process is today used in South Africa to produce most of the country's diesel fuel from coal by the company Sasol. The process was used in South Africa to meet its energy needs during its isolation under Apartheid. This process produces low sulfur diesel fuel but also produces large amounts of greenhouse gases.
An alternative method of converting coal into petroleum is the Karrick process, which was pioneered in the 1930s in the United States. It uses low temperatures in the absence of ambient air, to distill the short-chain hydrocarbons out of coal instead of petroleum.
Destructive distillation
Oil shale can also be used to produce oil, either through mining and processing, or in more modern methods, with in-situ thermal conversion.
Conventional crude can be extracted from unconventional reservoirs, such as the Bakken Formation. The formation is about two miles (3 km) underground but only a few meters thick, stretching across hundreds of thousands of square miles. It further has very poor extraction characteristics. Recovery at Elm Coulee has involved extensive use of horizontal drilling, solvents, and proppants.
More recently explored is thermal depolymerization (TDP), a process for the reduction of complex organic materials into light crude oil. Using pressure and heat, long chain polymers of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon decompose into short-chain hydrocarbons. This mimics the natural geological processes thought to be involved in the production of fossil fuels. In theory, thermal depolymerization can convert any organic waste into petroleum substitutes.
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Arguably, the first motorcycle was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Bad Cannstatt (since 1905 a city district of Stuttgart) in 1885. The first petroleum-powered vehicle, it was essentially a motorised bicycle, although the inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). However, if a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first one may have been American. One such machine was demonstrated at fairs and circuses in the eastern U.S. in 1867, built by Sylvester Howard Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts.
In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first motorcycle available for purchase.In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. As the engines became more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle producers increased.
An historic 1941 Crocker
An historic 1941 Crocker
Until the First World War, the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world was Indian, producing over 20,000 bikes per year. By 1920, this honour went to Harley-Davidson, with their motorcycles being sold by dealers in 67 countries. In 1928, DKW took over as the largest manufacturer.
After the Second World War, the BSA Group became the largest producer of motorcycles in the world, producing up to 75,000 bikes per year in the 1950s. The German company NSU Motorenwerke AG held the position of largest manufacturer from 1955 until the 1970s.
NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season
NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix season
In the 1950s, streamlining began to play an increasing part in the development of racing motorcycles and held out the possibility of radical changes to motorcycle design. NSU and Moto-Guzzi were in the vanguard of this development both producing very radical designs well ahead of their time. NSU produced the most advanced design, but because of the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing.ace machines, and by 1957 nearly all the Grand Prix races were being won by streamlined machines.[citation needed]
From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular worldwide, partly as a result of East German Walter Kaaden's engine work in the 1950s.
Today, the Japanese manufacturers, Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, and Yamaha dominate the motorcycle industry, although Harley-Davidson still maintains a high degree of popularity in the United States. Apart from these high capacity motorcycles, there is a very huge market for low capacity (less then 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian and African countries. This area is dominated by mostly Indian companies with Hero Honda being the world's largest manufacturer of two wheelers. Its Hero Honda Splendor model is the highest selling motorcycle in automotive history, having sold more then 8.5 million to date.
A 2006 Honda Hero
A 2006 Honda Hero
Recent years have also seen a resurgence in the popularity of several other brands sold in the U.S. market, including BMW, KTM, Triumph, Aprilia, Moto-Guzzi, MV Agusta and Ducati.
Outside of the U.S., these brands have enjoyed continued and sustained success, although Triumph, for example, has been re-incarnated from its former self into a modern world-class manufacturer. In overall numbers, however, the Chinese currently manufacture and sell more motorcycles than any other country and exports are rising.[citation needed]
Additionally, the small-capacity scooter is very popular through most of the world. The Piaggio group of Italy, for example, is one of the world's largest producers of two-wheeled vehicles.
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The major distinction in aircraft types is between military aircraft, which includes not just combat types but many types of supporting aircraft, and civil aircraft, which include all non-military types.
Military aircraft
Combat aircraft divide broadly into fighters and bombers, with several in-between types such as fighter-bombers and ground-attack aircraft (including attack helicopters).
Other supporting roles are carried out by specialist patrol, search and rescue, reconnaissance, observation, transport, training and Tanker aircraft among others.
Many civil aircraft, both fixed wing and rotary, have been produced in separate models for military use, such as the civil Douglas DC-3 airliner, which became the military C-47/C-53/R4D transport in the U.S. military and the "Dakota" in the UK and the Commonwealth. Even the small fabric-covered two-seater Piper J3 Cub had a military version, the L-4 liaison, observation and trainer aircraft. Gliders and balloons have also been used as military aircraft; for example, balloons were used for observation during the American Civil War and World War I, and cargo gliders were used during World War II to land troops.
Civil aircraft
Interior of Qatar Airways flight
Interior of Qatar Airways flight
Civil aircraft divide into commercial and general types, however in practice there is some overlap.
Commercial aircraft
Commercial aircraft include types designed for scheduled and charter airline flights, carrying both passengers and cargo. The larger passenger-carrying types are often referred to as airliners. Some of the smaller types are also used in general aviation.
General aviation
General aviation is a catch-all covering other kinds of private and commercial use, and involving a wide range of aircraft types such as business jets (bizjets), trainers, homebuilt, aerobatic types, racers, firefighters, medical transports (medevac), and cargo transports, to name a few. The vast majority of aircraft today are general aviation types.
Within general aviation, there is a further distinction between private aircraft (where the pilot is not paid for time or expenses) and commercial aircraft (where the pilot is paid by a client or employer). Private aircraft are usually light passenger, business, or recreational types. Usually the pilot owns or rents the aircraft. Commercial types in general aviation may be put to a wide range of tasks, such as flight training, pipeline surveying, passenger and freight transport, policing, crop dusting, and medevac flights.
Piston-powered propeller aircraft (single-engine or twin-engine) are especially common for both private and commercial general aviation, but even private pilots occasionally own and operate helicopters like the Bell JetRanger or turboprops like the Beechcraft King Air. Business jets are typically flown by commercial pilots, although there is a new generation of small jets arriving soon for private pilots. Another small but important class of private aircraft are the historical warbirds.
Experimental aircraft
Experimental aircraft are one-off specials, built to explore some aspect of aircraft design and with no other useful purpose. The Bell X-1 rocket plane, which first broke the sound barrier in level flight, is a famous example.
The formal designation of "experimental aircraft" also includes other types which are "not certified for commercial applications", including one-off modifications of existing aircraft such as the modified Boeing 747 which NASA uses to ferry the space shuttle from landing site to launch site, and aircraft homebuilt by amateurs for their own personal use.
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If you like hiking, biking, or walking, these spots are for you
Retirees who love the outdoors get more than just enjoyment out of hiking, bird-watching, and kayaking. They also get exercise that improves their quality of life.
"As we age, we stop doing things that used to be fun, like partying all night and other carnal pleasures. So we have to find other things that are fun, and competition is so much fun," says Ruth Heidrich, author of A Race for Life. At 73, Heidrich spends up to three hours a day swimming, running, and biking. She recently won a 10K in her age group (she was the only competitor) and has finished six Ironman triathlons.
To help other retirees find outdoor havens, U.S. News drilled into our Best Places to Retire database and came up with a top 10 list, which includes the watersport-friendly Hilo, Hawaii, not far from Heidrich's home in Honolulu.
Many of the picks are located near national and state parks. Winchester, Va., for example, is near Shenandoah National Park. Bill Jones, 84, and his wife chose to live in Winchester partly because of its proximity to the park, where Jones volunteers to maintain trails and camps with his grandchildren. The retired chemist and World War II veteran also volunteers with local groups dedicated to cleaning up local streams and helped establish a walking trail that highlights native plants.
Seniors age 62 and over are eligible for a $10 lifetime pass to national parks. The pass provides free access for the holder and three accompanying adults. Many parks also welcome volunteers to staff information desks, serve as campground hosts, and monitor trails, as Jones does.
Bob Kuhns, 65, enjoyed volunteering at the information desk at Shenandoah National Park so much that he now works as a seasonal staff member. He lives inside the park for part of the year alongside younger workers and also serves as a volunteer photographer of the park's trails and events. "It's a lifetime dream," the former IBM employee says. He first visited the park back in 1956. He can remember wanting to be a ranger even then. "I love helping people be happy in the park," Kuhns says.
Further south, hiking paths, waterfalls, and caves at Rickwood Caverns are a short drive from Center Point, Ala. Visitors can get close to stalactite and stalagmite formations while looking at fossils inside the caverns, or take a leisurely stroll around one of the hiking trails.
Juneau, Alaska, provides a jumping-off point for hiking, rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing. And Juneau isn't far from Glacier Bay National Park, home to massive glaciers. Those looking to stay in the lower 48 can consider taking up surfing and scuba diving at Carlsbad State Beach near Carlsbad, Calif. Over on the East Coast, South Burlington, Vt., near Adirondack Park and the Green Mountains, offers hiking and colorful New England autumns.
In Montana, Glacier National Park offers scenic day hikes and, for the more ambitious, mountainous backpacking trips. The park is just north of Kalispell. Further south, two big national parks, Bryce Canyon and Zion, are easy day-trip destinations from Cedar City, Utah. Those who appreciate the dry air and mountains of the Southwest might enjoy Tanque Verde, Ariz., located near Saguaro National Park. The park is home to a diverse range of plants and wildlife, including its namesake, the saguaro cactus. Canyon Lake, Texas, hosts a variety of water activities, like boating and fishing, as well as relaxing walks along the shore.
Many cities, including those not on the top 10 list, have hiking and outdoors groups that organize activities for retirees. John Bregar, 60, lives in Durango, Colo., where he spends time bird-watching, mountain climbing, and skiing. He does many of the activities with Seniors Outdoors!, a group with over 400 members that helps organize trips.
Heidrich recommends biking and swimming as among the best exercises for seniors. Both, she says, are most fun when done outside.
Ten Great Outdoorsy Places to Retire:
* Canyon Lake, Texas
* Carlsbad, Calif.
* Cedar City, Utah
* Center Point, Ala.
* Hilo, Hawaii
* Juneau, Alaska
* Kalispell, Mont.
* South Burlington, Vt.
* Tanque Verde, Ariz.
* Winchester, Va.
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ELKIN, N.C. - David Hayes' granddaughter just asked him to hold her Barbie rod and reel while she went to the bathroom. He did. And seconds later he landed the state record channel catfish at 21 pounds, 1 ounce.
Alyssa's father had bought the pink Barbie fishing rod for Christmas and she had caught a few bluegill before her grandfather hauled in the catfish.
The Winston-Salem Journal reported the catch Aug. 5 in eastern Wilkes County has been certified as a record by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
Hayes and his granddaughter have been fishing in the pond behind his house since she was big enough to hold a pole.
Hayes said his granddaughter worried he would break her rod. He landed the 21-pound fish on a 6-pound test line. It was 32 inches long, 2 inches longer than the rod.
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JERUSALEM (Reuters) - A stillborn Israeli baby who was pronounced dead by doctors "came back to life" on Monday after spending hours in a hospital refrigerator.
The baby, weighing only 600 grams at birth, spent at least five hours inside one of the hospital's refrigerated storage units, before her parents, who had taken her to be buried, began noticing some movement.
"We unwrapped her and felt she was moving. We didn't believe it at first. Then she began holding my mother's hand, and then we saw her open her mouth," said 26-year-old Faiza Magdoub, the baby's mother.
The baby was pronounced dead several hours earlier, after doctors at Western Galilee hospital in northern Israel were forced to abort her mother's pregnancy because of internal bleeding. Magdoub was 23 weeks into her pregnancy.
"We don't know how to explain this, so when we don't know how to explain things in the medical world we call it a miracle, and this is probably what happened," hospital deputy director Moshe Daniel said.
The baby was then taken to the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit for further treatment, but doctors were not sure how long she will live.
Motti Ravid, a professor of internal medicine, told Israel's Channel 10 that the low temperature inside the cooler had slowed down the baby's metabolism and likely helped her survive.
(Writing by Avida Landau, Editing by Mike Collett-White)
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - A stillborn Israeli baby who was pronounced dead by doctors "came back to life" on Monday after spending hours in a hospital refrigerator.
The baby, weighing only 600 grams at birth, spent at least five hours inside one of the hospital's refrigerated storage units, before her parents, who had taken her to be buried, began noticing some movement.
"We unwrapped her and felt she was moving. We didn't believe it at first. Then she began holding my mother's hand, and then we saw her open her mouth," said 26-year-old Faiza Magdoub, the baby's mother.
The baby was pronounced dead several hours earlier, after doctors at Western Galilee hospital in northern Israel were forced to abort her mother's pregnancy because of internal bleeding. Magdoub was 23 weeks into her pregnancy.
"We don't know how to explain this, so when we don't know how to explain things in the medical world we call it a miracle, and this is probably what happened," hospital deputy director Moshe Daniel said.
The baby was then taken to the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit for further treatment, but doctors were not sure how long she will live.
Motti Ravid, a professor of internal medicine, told Israel's Channel 10 that the low temperature inside the cooler had slowed down the baby's metabolism and likely helped her survive.
(Writing by Avida Landau, Editing by Mike Collett-White)
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Grrrr!!Anger...
As Adam Sandler proved in the movie Anger Management,emotions can present themselves in odd ways.Read on and curb your anger issues before you lost control:
What is anger?We've all felt it..when the day didn't go as planned,or when that annoying driver got in your way.Anger itself is normal and innate human emotion.It can vary in intensity,from just being annoyed to full fledge rage.What's worrying is not the emotion itself but what accompanies that emotion.Because anger is such a powerful emotion,when it gets out of control it can lead to destructive paths involving your work,relationship or your everyday life.If anger's a ormal emotion how do you know you've got anger that's going overboard?We all argue,or at least disagree with our parents sometimes.We get angry,when we feel we've been treated unfairly.That anger is normal..but if you see your parents every day and feel like you want to hit or yell at them because they just seem to enrage you by being..you should make a pit stop at the psych's office.Professionals use different tests to measure the intensity of tour anger,gauge how prone to anger you are,anf how you handle it.Even so,someone with anger issues may already know it but won't seek help for their problem.
What is anger management?
We can't go through life avoiding anything that may trigger us but we can leaen to manage our reactions to situations or people.Anger management teaches you how to control your anger instead of letting it control you.This therapy hepls you express that anger in a controlled and healthy manner.
1.Find your trigger-Figure out what make you lash out.Sometimes we blow up,when we reach our "last straw",which means that you've already got pent up your anger.
2.Therapy-Therapists work with you to re-programme the way you react when you feel angry.A lot of the time,calming stategies or assertive training i used.These tactics allow you to express your anger in a controlled environment.
3.Hypnosis-Hypnosis bypasses the subconscious to get to the root of your problem.It can also place suggestions in your psyche to help you remain calm in difficult situations.Some people believe this to be a good way to deal with anger,as you can plant good habits with lesss resistance to the change.
4.Walk away-It requires a lot of conscious effort and will power but it will stop you from reacting instinctively in the moment.
5.Yoga or meditation-Develop some kind of breathing technique that will calm your senses and keep you from blowing your top.
6.Visualise a tranquil place for two minutes-By shifting your focus especially to something soothing you give yourself time to compose and express your feelings positively.
7.Assertive training-Assertive training is a behavioural technique that helps individuals develop skills and courage to express themselves without becoming overly aggresive or passive.
What can you do if you're confronted by someone whose anger is out of control?
The best thing to do is walk away.Someone who's enraged is not acting reasonably.You sticking around,even if it's to defend your rights might land in a dangerous position.If you can't walk away,silence is your next best answer.Don't try to convince the other person otherwise or stoop to their level by lashing out-it will only fuel the fury!Do however try,to step out of harm's way.
Seventeen July 2008 issue
CINDERELLA???
Cinderella is the much-loved only child of a widowed aristocrat. After deciding that his beloved daughter needs a mother's care, Cinderella's father marries a proud and haughty woman named Lady Tremaine. She too has been married before, and has two daughters by her first marriage, Anastasia and Drizella, who are just Cinderella's age. Plain and socially awkward, these "Ugly Stepsisters" are bitterly envious of the beautiful and charming Cinderella.
The family lives in happiness for several years, until the untimely death of Cinderella's father. After that, Lady Tremaine's true nature is revealed, and she and her spiteful daughters take over the estate, and begin to abuse and maltreat Cinderella, envious of her beauty. She is forced into housekeeping responsibilities and made to wait upon her jealous stepsisters like a maid. As Cinderella blossoms into a beautiful young woman who is kind despite her hardships, she befriends the animals living in the barn, including Bruno the Bloodhound, Major the horse, and many of the mice and birds who live in and around the chateau. Cinderella finds a mouse inside a trap, releases him, and names him Octavius, "Gus" for short. She is also friends with a mouse named Jacques ("Jaq" for short), the leader of a mouse-pack.
At the royal palace, the King is angry that his son does not intend to marry. The King is determined to see grandchildren, so he and the Duke organize a ball for the Prince in an effort to cause his son to fall in love and marry, with every eligible maiden in the kingdom ordered to attend.
When the invitation to the ball arrives, Cinderella asks her stepmother if she can attend. Her stepmother tells her she may go to the ball, if she finishes her work and can find a suitable gown. To consume her time, her stepmother sets Cinderella with a mountain of chores. Her mouse friends Jaq and Gus use Cinderella's stepsister's discarded sash and beads to fix an old gown that belonged to Cinderella's mother. When Cinderella wears her dress before the ball, Lady Tremaine points out her daughters' beads and sash, and the sisters tear the gown to shreds, leaving Cinderella to run to the back of the garden in tears while her stepfamily attends the royal ball.
Cinderella's Fairy Godmother appears to her in the garden, and transforms her appearance for the ball. She transforms the mice into horses, Bruno the dog into a footman, Major the horse into a coachman, a pumpkin into the carriage, and transforms her torn dress into a beautiful blue dress with glass slippers. Cinderella departs for the ball after the godmother warns her that the spell will expire at the stroke of midnight.
At the ball, the Prince rejects every girl, until he sees Cinderella, with whom he is immediately smitten. The two dance throughout the castle grounds until the clock starts to chime midnight. Cinderella flees to her coach and away from the castle, accidentally dropping one of her glass slippers. After the Duke tells the King of the disaster, they plan to find Cinderella with the slipper they found during her escape.
The next morning, a royal proclamation is issued, stating the Grand Duke will visit every house in the kingdom to find the girl who fits the glass slipper, so that she can be married to the Prince. When this news reaches Cinderella's household, her stepmother and stepsisters begin hurriedly preparing for the Grand Duke's arrival. Cinderella, overhearing, begins dreamily humming the song from the palace ball the previous night. Realizing Cinderella was the girl who danced with the Prince, her stepmother follows Cinderella up to her attic bedroom and locks her inside.
When the Grand Duke arrives, the mice steal the key to Cinderella's room from Lady Tremaine's pocket and laboriously drag the key up the stairs to her room, only barely managing to free her after another fight with Lucifer, in which Bruno comes to their rescue and scares the evil cat out of the house. Meanwhile, Anastasia tries on the slipper, but her foot is too big. Drizella tries on the slipper, and finds her foot is also too large. As the Duke prepares to leave, Cinderella appears at the top of the stairs, asking to try on the slipper. Knowing that the slipper will fit and that Cinderella will marry the Prince, her stepmother insists she's just a servant girl. The Grand Duke sharply reminds her that every maiden is to try on the slipper. As the footman bring the slipper to Cinderella, her stepmother trips him, causing the slipper to drop and shatter on the floor. Cinderella then reveals she has the other glass slipper. Delighted at this indisputable proof of the maiden's identity, the Duke slides the slipper onto her foot, which fits perfectly.
At the wedding, Cinderella and the Prince descend the church's staircase, surrounded by confetti tossed by the King and the Grand Duke. Cinderella loses a slipper and retrieves it with the aid of the King. As the film ends on a scene of the two newly-weds kissing, the narrator concludes "...and they lived happily ever after".
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CONVERSE
In his late 30s, Marquis M. Converse, who was previously a respected manager at a footwear manufacturing firm, opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company (also known as the Boston Rubber Shoe Company) in Malden, Massachusetts in 1908. The company was a rubber shoe manufacturer, providing winterized rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By 1910, Converse was producing 4,000 shoes daily, but it wasn't until 1915 that the company began manufacturing athletic shoes for tennis. The company's main turning point came in 1917 when the Converse All-Star basketball shoe was introduced. Then in 1921, a basketball player named Charles H. or "Chuck" Taylor walked into Converse complaining of sore feet. Converse gave him a job. He worked as a salesman and ambassador, promoting the shoes around the United States, and in 1923 his signature was added to the All Star patch. He tirelessly continued this work until shortly before his death in 1969. Converse also customized shoes for the New York Renaissance (the "Rens"), basketball's first all African American pro basketball team.
1941–Present: War, bankruptcy, and new management
Red Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe.
Red Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe.
When the United States entered World War II in 1941, Converse shifted production to manufacturing footwear, apparel, boots, parkas, rubber protective suits, and ponchos for pilots and troops. Widely popular during the 1950s and 1960s, Converse promoted a distinctly American image with its Converse Yearbook. Artist Charles Kerins created cover art that celebrated Converse's role in the lives of High School and College athletes, as the essential sports shoe.
Converse lost much of its apparent near-monopoly from the 1970s onward, with the surge of new competitors, including Adidas, then Nike, then a decade later Reebok, who introduced radical new designs to the market. Converse found themselves no longer the official shoe of the National Basketball Association, a title they had relished for many years. This loss of market share, combined with poor business decisions forced Converse to file for bankruptcy on January 22, 2001. When the company subsequently changed hands that year, the last factory in the United States was closed. Thereafter, manufacturing for the American market was no longer performed in the United States, but instead in a number of Asian and European countries, including China, Indonesia, Italy, Lithuania and Vietnam.
On July 9, 2003, the company accepted a $305 million purchase offer from rival Nike.
Current NBA players wearing Converse include Dwyane Wade, Kirk Hinrich, Jameer Nelson, Andre Miller, Kyle Korver, Alando Tucker, Acie Law, Udonis Haslem, Maurice Evans, Orien Greene and Mike Sweetney.
Style
Converse fashion in Paris
Converse fashion in Paris
Joshua Mueller, Guinness Book of World Records holder for largest collection of "Chucks"
Joshua Mueller, Guinness Book of World Records holder for largest collection of "Chucks"
Chuck Taylors are a legendary brand of shoe known as the Converse shoe, also referred to as gym boots.
Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe
For more details on this topic, see Chuck Taylor All Star.
The Chuck Taylor All Star shoe has developed a number of nicknames over the years, such as: "Cons", "Connies", "Convies", "Verses", "Chuckers", "Chucks", "Converse", "Chuckies", "Chuckie T's", or "Chucker Boots" for the higher styles. For decades the Chuck Taylor All Star basketball shoe only came in black, with a white variant released in 1947. Under pressure from basketball teams it was decided in 1966 to manufacture other colors. Different materials also began to be used, starting in the 1970s, including leather, suede and vinyl, and even hemp, rather than just canvas. Besides high-tops, low-cuts and later knee-high versions were produced. After Converse was bought by Nike, operations were moved from the United States to overseas, although the design has had few alterations. The fabric is no longer 2-ply cotton canvas but 1-ply "textile" and many wearers have noticed different patterns of wear.
The Weapon
In 1986, Converse released "The Weapon" basketball shoe. Manufactured in many color schemes to match the kit colors of basketball teams, it has been available in both high-top and low cut varieties. The unique aspect of this shoe is the leather construction throughout, including the inside heel which is also heavily padded for comfort. Converse re-released "The Weapon" in 2002 and "The Loaded Weapon" in 2003.
The Weapon, manufactured in many different color schemes
The Weapon, manufactured in many different color schemes
Special editions
There have been made several special editions of Converse shoes, such as the Kurt Cobain and the Sailor Jerry gren or brown edition, which only 2000 or so have been made.
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WHAT??COLGATE UNIVERSITY???
Colgate University is a private liberal arts college located in the Village of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, USA. It was founded in 1819 as a Baptist seminary, but has since become non-denominational.
As of 2008, Colgate is ranked 18th in the U.S. News and World Report ranking of liberal arts colleges in the United States and 44th in the Forbes ranking of all U.S. universities. It is also listed as one of thirty Hidden Ivies. Colgate students compete in 23 NCAA Division I sports.
Colgate has a distinct architectural style. Its first building, West Hall, was built by students and faculty from stones from Colgate's own rock quarry, and a majority of the newer buildings are built in a similar fashion. The most distinctive building on campus is the Chapel (Colgate Memorial Chapel), which is used for lectures, performances, concerts, and religious services.
Contents
History
In 1817, the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York was founded by thirteen men (six clergymen and seven laymen). Two years later, in 1819, the state granted the school's charter, and in 1820, the school was opened. In 1823, Baptists in New York City (including soap maker William Colgate, who created Colgate-Palmolive) moved their seminary to Hamilton, NY to form the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. This was the beginning of the Colgate family's involvement with the school.
The school changed its name to Madison University in 1846. In 1850, the Baptist Education Society planned to move the university to Rochester, but was halted by legal action. Dissenting trustees, faculty, and students founded the University of Rochester.
After seven decades of the Colgate family's involvement with the school, Madison University changed its name to Colgate University in 1890 in honor of William Colgate and his two sons, one of whom, J. B. Colgate, established the Dodge Memorial Fund of $1,000,000. The theological side of Colgate merged with the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1928 to become the Colgate Rochester Divinity School, leaving Colgate to become non-denominational. In 1970, Colgate became coeducational.
Academics
Colgate offers 51 undergraduate concentrations leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree, all of which are registered officially with the New York State Department of Education. The three most common majors are biology, economics, and political science. In addition, Colgate has strong foreign language, physics, history, psychology/neuroscience and geology departments.
The University has a small graduate (Master of Arts) program for Education, which graduates 3-7 students each year.
In addition to regular campus courses, the university offers 22 semester-long off-campus study groups each year, including programs in Australia, China, Japan, India, several Western European countries, Washington, DC, and the National Institutes of Health. Approximately two-thirds of Colgate undergraduates study abroad, which is a high proportion considering other colleges and universities in the United States. About 95% of seniors graduate and most alumni proceed to graduate schools in law, administration, engineering, medicine, the arts and the sciences, as well as to financial, administrative or scientific occupations. There is hardly a walk of life where alumni of Colgate University are not represented. However, a significant clustering occurs in business, the media, and the life and earth sciences.
Initiatives
Colgate founded the Upstate Institute in 2003. The Institute was created to be a center of information and knowledge about upstate New York. Currently, they do research on counties in the area, as well as support outreach and volunteer organizations.
The school has also provided assistance to the town of Hamilton in its attempts to revitalize and renovate its buildings and businesses. Colgate was one of the initial sponsors of the Partnership for Community Development, which seeks economic development and growth in the area.
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War N Peace
1.War and Peace begins in 1805 with a soirée in Petersburg held by Anna Pavlovna Scherer. Prince Vasili is present and Anna Pavlovna makes it clear that she does not like his youngest child, Anatole, but says she will try match-making for him. Pierre Bezuhov is also present and it is made clear that he does not know how to behave in this sort of environment. Other central characters are then introduced. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and his wife Lisa, for example, are referred to and it is emphasized that he is bored with her.Furthermore, allusions to the impending war are made, as when Anna Pavlovna asks Prince Andrei if he has enlisted.
2.Princess Drubetskoy (Anna Mihalovna) asks a favor of Prince Vasili as she wants her son, Boris, to be transferred to the Guards. Another discussion about Bonaparte follows this request and Pierre defends him. Anna Pavlovna regards Pierre as too opinionated for this type of social gathering. After the soirée, Pierre makes it clear that he does not want to fight against Napoleon, who he thinks is the 'greatest man in the world'.
3.When Pierre and Prince Andrei are alone, Prince Andrei warns him against marrying as he feels as though he has lost his freedom. He then goes on to criticize women.
4.The action shifts to Moscow, in Chapter VII, where Anna Mihalovna is visiting the Rostovs. There is conversation regarding Pierre - how he is the illegitimate son of Count Bezuhov and also how he (Pierre) has been sent to Moscow for being part of a group who tied a bear to a policeman. The Rostovs are also introduced to the reader and Boris tells Natasha Rostov he will ask her to marry him when she is 16.
5.Count Bezuhov is dying and Boris and his mother visit him in order to ask for money. Because this attempt is of no avail, Countess Rostov finally gives her financial assistance. Pierre then attends a dinner at the home of the Rostovs and meets Natasha.
6.In Chapter XVIII, Pierre's father has now had his sixth stroke. Prince Vasili is anxious that there is a will that leaves everything to Pierre and wants it destroyed. Anna Mihalovna assists Pierre in teaching him how to conduct himself at this time of his father's illness and death as she tries to look after his interests (which are also evidently her own too). Pierre's father finally dies as those around him (not including Pierre) have a physical struggle over his last will.
7.The last chapters of Book One (XXII to XXV) are set in Bald Hills, which is the estate belonging to the Bolkonskys. Through a letter which Princess Maria (the sister of Prince Andrei) receives from Julie Karagin, it is related that Pierre has been recognized as the legitimate son of Count Bezuhov and he has inherited everything. This Book ends with Prince Andrei departing for war and having left his wife Lisa with his sister and father.
what is SKAPUNK?
Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska and punk rock. Ska-core is a subgenre of ska punk, blending ska with hardcore punk.
The characteristics of ska punk vary, due to the fusion of contrasting genres. The more punk influenced style often features faster tempos, guitar distortion, onbeat punk-style interludes (usually the chorus), and nasal, gruff, or shouted vocals. The more ska-influenced style of ska punk features a more developed instrumentation and a cleaner vocal and musical sound. The common instrumentation includes electric guitar, bass guitar, drums, saxophones, trombones, trumpets and/or other brass instruments, and sometimes an organ.
-Fahmi Jasri-
another type of music genre.....
PUNK ROCK!!!
Punk rock (often referred to simply as punk) is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-government lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it yourself) ethic, with many bands self-producing their recordings and distributing them through informal channels.
By late 1976, bands such as the Ramones, in New York City, and the Sex Pistols and The Clash, in London, were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world. Punk quickly, though briefly, became a major cultural phenomenon in the United Kingdom. For the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive clothing styles and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.
By the beginning of the 1980s, even faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and Oi! had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a broad range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk and the alternative rock movement. By the turn of the century, new pop punk bands such as Green Day were bringing the genre widespread popularity decades after its inception.
SCREAMO!!!
Screamo is a subgenre of rock music which evolved from hardcore punk and emo in the early 1990s. The term "screamo" was initially applied to a more aggressive offshoot of emo that developed in San Diego in 1991, which used short, chaotically executed songs which grafted "spastic intensity to willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics,"often with a political message. Some groups had an even harder edge that put them closer to the noise rock and grindcore styles.
In the early 2000s, the genre name began to describe a different, slower and less dissonant style that borrowed from alternative rock, most notably in a 2003 New York Times article.The term's application to the "second wave" is controversial among fans and practitioners of the earlier style.One musician observed that the term "has been kind of tainted in a way, especially in the States".
The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture above) and this race logo on the side.
On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.
Count Francesco Baracca
A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart. This horse motif comes from the origins of the city's name: it comes from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the modern German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. Stuttgart is the home of Porsche, which also uses the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of Württemberg.
Coat of arms of Stuttgart, Germany
Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (even if not part of Baracca's squadron, as is mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies.
Austrian Fuel Stations
The cavallino rampante is now a trademark of Ferrari. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's.
Many aspects of the cover design of the third Jamiroquai album, Travelling Without Moving, as well as the single Virtual Insanity and some single promos pay homage to the Ferrari logo.
What is Lampe Berger?
Lampe Berger is an oil lamp that was developed over 100 years ago by Maurice Berger. Maurice was a pharmaceutical chemist that patented the catalytic burner that destroys odors and helps purify the air. The lamp can eliminate up to 68% of any airborne bacteria before it disperses a fragrance in the air. For those that are fragrance sensitive, there is a neutral lamp oil just for you. No fragrance required to make the lamp operate. Lampe Berger can successfully destroy a range of odors at the molecular level, including cigarette smoke; cooking odors; pet odors; paint fumes, basement odors and many other forms of household odors.
How does it operate?
Lampe Berger comes with operating instructions, a lamp, catalytic wick/burner, funnel and 10 hour size of test fuel. There is only one lamp that is not packed with extra fuel and that is the new Ondine lamp at $32.00. Extra fuel is available in the fuel section of our website with 40 choices of fragranced oil available.
Just take out the funnel and pour the lamp 3/4 full with Lampe Berger fuel. Soak the wick/burner 20 minutes. Light the burner for two minutes and extinguish the flame before putting on the open grill top. Leave the lamp on for 45 minutes. This will eliminate odors in a room up to 300 square feet. To stop fragrancing, simply cap with the solid cap. This is stop the action of the lamp.
history of lampe berger!!!
Lampe Berger lamps were named after Maurice Berger. Maurice Berger worked on his patented catalytic converter between 1890-1900. Maurice's invention was the only one that was patented even though other like Louis Muller and Andre Guasco also tried to create a similiar invention. Maurice was developing a product that would ultimately clean and purify the air. Lampe Berger lamps were originally used in hospitals in Europe to clean the air of germs.
Maurice was born in Paris, on December 2, 1866. When he was nineteen he entered a professional career in the pharmacial field. During 1905 to 1909 Maurice work as a Delouche chemist-store employee in Paris and worked to commercialize his hygience lamp. In 1910, Maurice Berger opened a shop known as L'Ozosenteur where his business was to commercialize his Berger lamp. He ran his business until he retired in 1927. At age 64, Maurice passed away.
Maurice Berger sold his business to Jean-Jacques Failliot a former industrial manager. The Failliot family took the Lampe Berger lamp to new heights from 1927 to 1973. From 1973 to present, the Auvray's succeeded the Failliot as the head of Lampe Berger.
Today, the story continues and Lampe Berger history is now over 100 old. Not many products on the market today can say that.
Barbie is a best-selling fashion doll launched in 1959. The doll is produced by Mattel, Inc., and is a major source of revenue for the company. The American businesswoman Ruth Handler (1916-2002) is regarded as the creator of Barbie, and the doll's design was inspired by a German doll called Bild Lilli.
Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for nearly fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle. In recent years, Barbie has faced increasing competition from the Bratz range of dolls.
History
The original Barbie was launched in March 1959Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara at play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors.
During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across German toy doll called Bild Lilli.[1] The adult-figured Lilli doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Die Bild-Zeitung. Lilli was a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately.
Upon her return to the United States, Handler reworked the design of the doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan) and the doll was given a new name, Barbie, after Handler's daughter Barbara. The doll made its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York on March 9, 1959. This date is also used as Barbie's official birthday. Mattel acquired the rights to the Bild Lilli doll in 1964 and production of Lilli was stopped. The first Barbie doll wore a black and white zebra striped swimsuit and signature topknot ponytail, and was available as either a blonde or brunette. The doll was marketed as a "Teen-age Fashion Model," with her clothes created by Mattel fashion designer Charlotte Johnson. The first Barbie dolls were manufactured in Japan, with their clothes hand-stitched by Japanese homeworkers. Around 350,000 Barbie dolls were sold during the first year of production.
Ruth Handler believed that it was important for Barbie to have an adult appearance, and early market research showed that some parents were unhappy about the doll's chest, which had distinct breasts. Barbie's appearance has been changed many times, most notably in 1971 when the doll's eyes were adjusted to look forwards rather than having the demure sideways glance of the original model.
Barbie was one of the first toys to have a marketing strategy based extensively on television advertising, which has been copied widely by other toys. It is estimated that over a billion Barbie dolls have been sold worldwide in over 150 countries, with Mattel claiming that three Barbie dolls are sold every second.[2]
The standard range of Barbie dolls and related accessories are manufactured to approximately 1/6th scale, which is also known as playscale.[3] Barbie products include not only the range of dolls with their clothes and accessories, but also a huge range of Barbie branded goods such as books, fashion items and video games. Barbie has appeared in a series of animated films and makes a brief guest appearance in the 1999 film Toy Story 2.
Almost uniquely for a toy fashion doll, Barbie has become a cultural icon and has been given honors that are rare in the toy world. In 1974 a section of Times Square in New York City was renamed Barbie Boulevard for a week, while in 1985 the artist Andy Warhol created a painting of Barbie.[4][5]
Biography
Barbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. In a series of novels published by Random House in the 1960s, her parents' names are given as George and Margaret Roberts from the fictional town of Willows, Wisconsin. Barbie has been said to attend Willows High School and Manhattan International High School in New York City, based on the real-life Stuyvesant High School. She has an on-off romantic relationship with her beau Ken (Ken Carson), who first appeared in 1961. Like Barbie, Ken shares his name with one of Ruth Handler's children. A news release from Mattel in February 2004 announced that Barbie and Ken had decided to split up, but in February 2006 they were back together again.[6][7]
Barbie has had over forty pets including cats and dogs, horses, a panda, a lion cub, and a zebra. She has owned a wide range of vehicles, including pink convertibles, trailers and jeeps. She also holds a pilot's license, and operates commercial airliners in addition to serving as a flight attendant. Barbie's careers are designed to show that women can take on a variety of roles in life, and the doll has been sold with a wide range of titles including Miss Astronaut Barbie (1965), Doctor Barbie (1988) and Nascar Barbie (1998).[8]
Mattel has created a range of companions for Barbie, including Hispanic Teresa, Midge, African American Christie and Steven (Christie's boyfriend). Barbie's siblings and cousins were also created including Skipper, Tutti (Todd's twin sister), Todd (Tutti's and Stacie's twin brother), Stacie (Todd's twin sister), Kelly, Krissy, Francie, and Jazzie. For more details, see the List of Barbie's friends and family.
missions Malaysia are to move the economy up the value chain, to raise capacity for knowledge and innovation and nurture first class, to address persistent socio-economy inequalities constructively, to improve the standard and sustainability of quality of life, to strengthen the institution and implementation.
visions Malaysia are to form a nation that stands as one, to produce a Malaysian community that has freedom, strength, full of self confidence, to develop mature democratic community, to form a community that has high morale, ethics and religious strength, to cultivate a community that is matured and tolerant, to form a progressive science community, to cultivate a community rich in values and loving culture, to ensure the formation of a community with a fair economy, and to cultivate a prosperous community.
so, we must proud to be Malaysian that have leader such Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad. He always wants to give us the best and ensure that our country stands with another country.
Happy National Day-51th..
Congratulation...
_husnul_
This article is about religious observances during the month of Ramadan. For the actual calendar month, see Ramadan (calendar month).
Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان, Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, believed to be the month in which the Qur'an was revealed to Angel Gabriel, who later revealed it to the Prophet Muhammad. It is the Islamic month of fasting (sawm), in which participating Muslims do not eat or drink anything from dawn until sunset. Fasting is meant to teach the person patience, sacrifice and humility. Ramadan is a time to fast for the sake of God, and to offer even more prayer than usual. In Ramadan Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance into the future, ask for help in refrain from everyday evils and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds.
Name origin
The name "Ramadan" is the name of the ninth month; the word itself derived from an Arabic word *rmd as in "ramida" or "ar-ramad" denoting intense heat, scorched ground, and shortness of rations. It is considered the most venerated and blessed month of the Islamic year. Prayers, sawm (fasting), charity, and self-accountability are especially stressed at this time; religious observances associated with Ramadan are kept throughout the month.
Laylat al-Qadr, which is thought most probable to occur during an odd night in the last 10 days of Ramadan, so it might be the 21, 23, 25, 27, or the 29 of Ramadan, is considered the most holy night of the year. It is the night in which the Quran was sent down to Muhammad. Ramadan ends with the holiday Eid ul-Fitr, on which feasts are held. During the month following Ramadan, called Shawwal, Muslims are encouraged to fast for a further six days (known as "El sitta el beyd" or "the white silk."
[edit] Practices during Ramadan
Fasting
Main article: Sawm
The most prominent event of this month is the fasting (sawm) practiced by observant Muslims. Every day during the month of Ramadan Muslims around the world get up before dawn to eat Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, and perform the fajr prayer. They do not eat or drink anything after this prayer is said, until the fourth prayer of the day, Maghrib (sunset), is due. Muslims may continue to eat and drink after the sun has set, until the next morning's fajr prayer.
During Ramadan, Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam and to avoid obscene and irreligious sights and sounds. Sexual thoughts and activities during fasting hours are also forbidden.[Qur'an 2:187] Purity of both thought and action is important. The fast is intended to be an exacting act of deep personal worship in which Muslims seek a raised level of closeness to God Almighty. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the inner soul and free it from harm. Properly observing the fast is supposed to induce a comfortable feeling of peace and calm. It also allows Muslims to practice self-discipline, sacrifice, and sympathy for those who are less fortunate. It is also intended to make Muslims more generous and charitable.
Those with severe health problems related to eating are exempt from fasting. One reason for this could be that lack of food and liquid in these situations could be detrimental to one's health. While fasting is not considered compulsory in childhood,(which ends at puberty), many children endeavour to complete as many fasts as possible as practice for later life.
Many observant Muslims anticipate which part of the sidereal year (as opposed to the Islamic Calendar) Ramadan will fall on. A summer Ramadan requires much longer fasting and shorter overnight periods of recovery than a winter one.
Paradoxically studies have shown that some populations actually gain weight during Ramadan. In their research Frost and Price(2) showed it was due to compensatory increased calorie intake overnight.
Prayer and reading of the Qur'an
Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Istanbul in Ramadan (the writing with lights called mahya)
Sultan Ahmet Mosque, Istanbul in Ramadan (the writing with lights called mahya)
Fanoos Ramadan, Cairo
Fanoos Ramadan, Cairo
Eid Ul-Fitr meal, Malaysia
Eid Ul-Fitr meal, Malaysia
In addition to fasting, Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Qur'an.
Sunni Muslims tend to perform the recitation of the entire Qur'an by means of special prayers, called Tarawih, which are held in the mosques every night of the month, during which a whole section of the Qur'an (juz, which is 1/30 of the Qur'an) is recited.Therefore the entire Quran would be completed at the end of the month.Tarawih is an Arabic phrase referring to those extra prayers. This prayer is performed after prayer salah of the night Isha'a, but before the witr rakat. Tarawih are not practiced by Shia Muslims.
Muslims also pay Zakat during the month.It is only applicable if one can afford it. For those who qualify to pay Zakaat, as per the Islamic Nisab (that is those whose wealth exceeds their necessities), of the leftover of their wealth earned in that Islamic calendar year. Although Zakat can be paid any time of the year, it has to be calculated on a year to year basis, and many Muslims use Ramadan as the month for calculation and disbursement.
Ramadan is also a time when Muslims are to slow down from worldly affairs and focus on self reformation, spiritual cleansing and enlightenment, establishing a link between God Almighty and themselves by prayer, supplication, charity, good deeds, kindness and helping others.
Since it is a festival of giving and sharing, Muslims prepare special foods and buy gifts for their family and friends and for giving to the poor and needy who cannot afford it; this can involve buying new clothes, shoes and other items of need. There is also a social aspect involved – the preparing of special foods and inviting people for the Iftar meal (the meal to break the Fast).
In many Muslim and non-Muslim countries with large Muslim populations, markets close down in the evening to enable people to perform prayers and consume the Iftar meal (the meal to end the fast) – these markets then re-open and stay open for a good part of the night. Muslims can be seen shopping, eating, spending time with their friends and family during the evening hours. During the whole Ramadan season (about 29 to 30 days) , Muslims will not eat or drink from the brink of dawn (about 1 hour and 20 minutes before sunrise) until sunset.
Events of Ramadan
Laylat al-Qadr (Arabic: لیلة القدر) literally the "Night of Decrees" or "Night of Measures", is the anniversary of two very important dates in Islam that occurred in the month of Ramadan.[citation needed] Muslims believe that it was the night in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that any acts of worship undertaken on this night are rewarded in multiple thousands in comparison to the same act of worship done on any other day. There are two schools of thought on date of this event. Some Muslims are of the opinion that it lands on the 27th night of Ramadan while others believe that it may be any one of the last odd nights.
The Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر) marks the end of the fasting period of Ramadan and the first day of the following month, after another new moon has been sighted. The Eid falls after 29 or 30 days of fasting, as per the lunar sighting. Eid ul-Fitr means the Festival of Breaking the Fast; a special celebration is made. Food is donated to the poor (‘Zakat al-Fitr’), everyone puts on their best, preferably new, clothes, and communal prayers are held in the early morning, followed by feasting and visiting relatives and friends. The prayer is two rakaahs only, and it is an optional prayer as opposed to the compulsory five daily prayers.
Muslims are encouraged to fast six days in Shawwal, the month following Ramadan that begins after Eid ul-Fitr; these days need not be consecutive.[1] According to hadith, one who fasts the month of Ramadan and six days during Shawwal will be rewarded as though he fasted the entire year.
happy fasting day
_husnul_
Hai everybody i would like to share about an article from Reader's Digest entitled CHOCTALK.....
The impact of chocolate's luxurious taste on the senses has been compared to the feeling of falling in love..
'Chocolate as Meditation'
Studies has shown that chocolate triggers the release of feel-good endorphins(natural opiates) in the brain. Researchers at Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, California, have been reported that chocolate contains pharmacologically active substances that have the same effect on the brain as marijuana.
Chocolate also contain caffeine,theobromine(a mild stimulant) and phenylethylamine, which can raise levels of endorphins...
'Chocolate as a Health a Food'
Chocolate contains very high levels of catechins-compounds that act as antioxidants. Chocolate is a significant source of essential nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, niacin and riboflavin...
'Limit your Intake'
Chocolate can be included in a healthy diet, as long as you are active and are having plenty of fruit and vegetables. To obtain the benefits without adding too much fat to your diet, limit yourself to 25g a day-and savour the flavour. The dark variety has the highest cocoa content.Look for at least 70% cocoa solids...
THANK YOU...
Hai i would like to share about an article from Reader's Digest entitled ALL THAT NOISE...
NOISE is also a form of pollution, not unlike smog, exhaust smoke and trash in the water system.
BEING A TYPICAL TEENAGER, i can almost feel my own ears deafening as i blast punk music on my head-phone. Then again, it really doesn't take much to damage one's hearing over time. In our everyday lives, from workplace banter to daily use of mobile phones to loud traffic honking, all that noise contributes to the speedy deterioration of one's hearing....
Top ten so-called diet faux pas that I read from an article:
some of diet that can be followed but there are some of them might effect our health..these are the diet that you should avoid..
10. Drinking my calories. Something tells me that the smoothies I've come to depend on during the summer months for cool portable meals are not contributing to an unhealthy lifestyle.
9. Eating dinner in front of the television. I was considering spending a nice evening at home, eating dinner and talking to the imaginary family of five I have, but they were watching TV too and asked that I please shut up.
8. Preferring the treadmill to the great outdoors. The benefits of outdoor running are touted everywhere, but uh, it's not air conditioned outside, and it's hot out, and there's no TV floating in front of me to distract me from the fact that I am running.
7. Actually putting the salad dressing on my salad. I like food to be easy. I really don't want to have to spend my mealtime creating some sort of salad dressing dipping dance. But if it will make the diet gods happy, I promise I will use good fats in my salad dressing.
6. Thinking coconut water is nasty. Okay, so this stuff is nature's Gatorade, or whatever, but as far as I'm concerned, it tastes like dirty gym sock water. I'm way keener on the chocolate-milk-as-thirst-quencher idea.
5. Eating my food on normal-sized plates. It's just so sad...a wee little meal. I want to look at my food and think, this is going to nourish me, not I'm going to starve to death. If I want to utilize my salad plates, I'll eat a salad.
4. Salt. Apparently salt makes you retain water and is therefore evil. But wait, aren't we comprised of 61.8% water? What's amazing about the human body is that it totally knows how to regulate itself and water retention is generally short lived due to our handy-dandy excretory system. Nature, you so crazy; I think I wanna have yo baby.
3. Egg Yolks. I eat them. They taste good. The yolk is actually where most of the nutrients in the egg are. The vitamins choline and boitin are found in egg yolks and are vital in maintaining neurotransmitter health, which helps you concentrate and can actually help regulate cholesterol. So there.
2. Eating lunch during my lunch break. Yes, I could use this one hour break I have during the day to burn a couple hundred calories on a stroll around the city but I'd rather use it to EAT MY LUNCH.
1. Carbohydrates. When did carbs become the Darth Vader of food? Carbs are great. Carbs release serotonin into your blood stream: carbs are nature's happy pill.
I don't know who Harvey Steiman is, but apparently he said, "Everything in moderation--including moderation," and that's pretty much how I feel about diet advice. There's validity in everything, but all advice should be taken with a grain of salt, and without fear of bloating.
About sleep...
8 hours per day is enough for a person to sleep...
our sleeping time is between 10pm to 6am..
at 1am to 3am,our body transpiration work when we r sleeping..some of the student,worker they sleep at very late then will have some problem when they old.. and some of the people can sleeping in a very long time..can sleep twelve hours per days..they no need to do anything in their life n juz sleep..their life are no meaningful at all..beside this some of the people who work at night,their life is opposite with a normal people..when we sleep they work but when we sleep then they work..actually is also no good for our health...
As conclusion,every day we need arranged the time to sleep...at least 8 hours per day..it can make us everyday in a health look..
I have read an article about a survey conducted by the Hygiene Council,a global panel of medical experts, found that Malaysian house is among the dirtiest right after India and Malaysian kitchens were more bacteria-infested than bathrooms among seven countries-United Kingdom, United States, Germany, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, India and Malaysia.
SO,is it better for us Malaysian to cook in the toilet????
As a Malaysian we have to do something with our hygiene as we don't wish foreigner to think that we are very dirty and will spoil our country's good name. And what is more important is in 1900 microorganisms were the number one killer of men worldwide!!!
so,dear friends...let us keep our homes clean especially in this period without cleaner!!!!
I read about our politic today in the local paper. From the article, I was realized that there are so many problem occurred among our leader, such as bribe or corruption. So many ways had been tried by the government to solve this problem as the problem haunting us everyday and to be honest, our country's future are seem s to be worst if the leader today still keep continue those bad attitude. I hope someday there will be a efficient way to overcome this problem.
Last week i already read about the price of petrol in world,as oil prices reached an all-time high, experts forecast the cost of petrol could hit an average of £1.21 per litre within months.Over the next two years it could even climb as high as £1.46, they said.Petrol currently costs an average of £1.13 per litre following a month of almost daily price rises.There is already anecdotal evidence that motorists are "downsizing" their vehicles because fuel costs for family cars are now so high. Some face bills of more than £70 when filling up popular saloons and there is little prospect of price cuts.Ministers are also facing a wave of disruptive fuel protests organised by hauliers struggling to cope with the rising cost of diesel.Around 260 petrol stations, many in far-flung parts of Scotland and Wales, have already broken through the £6-a-gallon (£1.31-a-litre) barrier for diesel.Yesterday, oil hit a new record high of more than $130 a barrel – almost double the cost last year. It has risen sixfold since 2002 and the recent increase is thought to be the biggest since the oil crisis of the 1970s.However, future prices of oil, which are usually lower than current prices, have also hit a record high of $140 a barrel. This is the price being paid for oil to be delivered in months or even several years' time, up to 2016.Goldman Sachs, one of the world's most influential investment banks, is advising its clients – including airlines and haulage firms – to buy oil supplies now for delivery as far ahead as eight years to insulate themselves from further increases.This move has led to the warning that petrol prices will stay at record levels for much of the next decade.Some City experts, including Goldman Sachs, believe that there will be a major shortage of oil over the next 10 years which could see the price soar to $200 a barrel.Last night Edmund King, the president of the AA, said the Government urgently needed to address the problem by scrapping future motoring tax rises."For the consumer it is very worrying that you have got financiers taking a punt on the price of oil which then becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy," he said."This is now affecting the daily lives of millions of people and ministers should be looking at a range of options to deal with the rising cost of petrol."According to an analysis by the accountants Grant Thornton, if oil prices hit $140 a barrel the average cost of a litre of petrol would rise from £1.13 to £1.21. In the event of oil costing $200 a barrel, petrol could cost £1.46 a litre.Economists blame the sharp increases on growing demand for oil in developing countries such as India and China which is not being met by rising production. It is also alleged that speculators have been buying up oil in an attempt to make a quick profit at the expense of motorists.Kevin Norrish, a commodities analyst at Barclays Capital, said: "I've never witnessed anything like it before. The only thing that seems instantly comparable is the first Gulf war in 1991 when prices fell sharply after the US invasion; this move is on a par with that, but in the opposite direction."Our long-term forecast had been for oil to rise to $137 a barrel but we didn't expect it to get there quite so soon."Earlier this month The Daily Telegraph launched a campaign calling on the Government to offer drivers a fairer deal by scrapping planned tax increases.Alistair Darling, the Chancellor, is planning to bring in a 2p rise in fuel duty this autumn and an increase in vehicle excise duty next year, which means some popular family cars will see their road tax bills double.However, the Treasury will pick up a windfall of more than £1 billion from the higher oil price and is now under pressure to abandon the tax rises. From this article,i like to say that we must know how to budget our money and know how to spent it in right way so that we can manage our life properly in today's situation.
Last 2 days,i already read about the using of cell phone and their technology,the article said"Telephone users are teleological or future-oriented — temporarily apart, anticipatory, they articulate and appropriate meaning. Often, gender and generational cultures are held to differ in their accessing of phone formats and functions (call, data download, email, internet, multimedia and short message services). Drawing upon hermeneutic theory of understanding, the article argues that despite this diversity, there are four underlying universal cognitive moments characterizing the process of receiving and responding to handphone content: (1) perceiving and simultaneously (2) projecting potential narrative; (3) producing a coherent call, message or text; and (4) positioning the significance of cellphone meaning for a life-world. Referring to this fourfold ludology of immersion and inferring content allows us to consider in conceptual detail Malaysian corporate and consumer narratives of employing handphone technology. Philosophically grounded theory shows how culturally concrete experiences of cellphone use during work and leisure instantiate abstract patterns of understanding in reception and response."So,from this article,we can know more about the technology of the cell phone and we can used this technology in easy way..
BLACK METAL MUSIC!!!
This article is about the musical genre. For the 1982 Venom album, see Black MetalBlack metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, double-kick drumming, and unconventional song structure.
During the first half of the 1980s, certain thrash metal bands established a prototype for black metal. This First Wave includes bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost.[1] A Second Wave emerged in the early 1990s, which consisted primarily of Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Burzum, Darkthrone, Immortal and Emperor. This scene developed the black metal style into a distinct genre.
Black metal has been met with considerable hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the misanthropic and anti-Christian ideology of many bands. Additionally, some musicians have been associated with church burnings, murder and/or National Socialism.[2] For these reasons and others, black metal is often viewed as an underground form of music
(album).
MY COMMENT
Black metal mucis is a hard music in fast tempos,shrieked vocals,highly guitar and unconventional song structures
.It considerable hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the misanthropic and anti-Christian ideology of many bands....and for this reason ,it's alwayss called as underground music bands.
TYPES OF CHEWING GUM
Chewing gum is available in a wide variety of flavors, including mint, wintergreen, cinnamon and various types of fruit. Mintier flavors are often chewed for fresher breath. There is no standard type of gum, as it can be formed in many different shapes and sizes. Some examples include:
-Ball gum - shaped like a ball and coated. These are most often sold in gum ball machines. In the United Kingdom, these are often referred to as 'Screwballs', as they are found at the bottom of a 'Screwball' ice cream treat. In the US, they are known as "gum balls".
-Bubble gum - formulated with film-forming characteristics for blowing bubbles.
-Sugarfree gum - made with artificial sweeteners.
-Candy & Gum combinations - predominantly bubble gum found in the end of some types of lollipop, such as Charms Blow Pops.
-Center-filled gum - milk and candy- a colloquialism for candy-coated chewing gum.
-Cut & Wrap gum - refers to the name of the machine that wraps this type of gum, usually in the form of a chunk, cube or cylindrical shape.
-Dragée gum - a pillow-shaped coated pellet, often packed in blister packs.
-Functional gum - a chewing gum with a practical function. Zoft Gum, for example, specializes in herbal chewing gum products using gum as the delivery system for vitamins, minerals and other stuffs.
-Medicated gum - a chewing gum acting as a delivery system to introduce medicinal substances into the saliva and thus into the bloodstream faster than pills.
-Powdered gum - free-flowing powder form or powders compressed into unique shapes.
-Stick gum - a thin, flat slab of gum.
-Ribbon gum - very similar to stick gum in shape, but much longer, coiled up in a cylindrical container often shaped like a hockey puck. The chewer tears off a piece of the desired size. (See Bubble Tape)
-Tube gum or Spaghetti gum - very soft bubble gum which can be squeezed from a tube.
RICE FORMS
Rough (Paddy) Rice
Kernels still within the hull. Before the rice can be packaged or cooked, the outer hull or husk must be removed.
Brown Rice
Kernels of rice from which only the hull has been removed. Brown rice may be eaten as is or milled into white rice. Cooked brown rice has a slightly chewy texture and a nut-like flavor. The light brown color of brown rice is caused by the presence of bran layers which are rich in minerals and vitamins, especially the B-complex group.
Regular Milled White Rice
Regular-milled white rice, often referred to as “white” or “polished” rice is the most common form of rice. The outer husk is removed, and the layers of bran are milled until the grain is white.
Parboiled Rice
Rough rice that has gone through a steam-pressure process before milling. This procedure gelatinizes the starch in the grain, and ensures a firmer, more separate grain. Parboiled rice is favored by consumers and chefs who desire an extra fluffy and separate cooked rice.
Precooked Rice
White or brown rice that has been completely cooked and dehydrated after milling. This process reduces time required for cooking.
ypically, guys like fights when they're at a hockey game, or watching reality TV. But guys don't particularly like fights when they happen in relationships.
We shy away from confrontation for several reasons: first, men win arguments with women about as often as Dennis Kucinich wins presidential primaries.
Second, we don't have that much we want to argue about. When Rodney King asked, "Can't we all just get along?" there were millions of guys nodding their heads, asking the same thing. For the vast majority of guys, fighting is failure, and quite possibly a violation of local noise ordinances.
We may have a few little things to quibble about (Where in the world did you put my Strokes concert T-shirt?), but for the most part, we'll do anything to avoid conflict, especially these types of conflict:
The "Blackberry" Fight
You look at it too much. Does that thing always have to be on? You work way too much! You're right, you're right, and you're right. When a man's work is pitted against his relationship for time and attention, he can feel utterly conflicted.
Many men feel an intense pressure to succeed, to be the one who's counted on, to be hardwired into whatever's happening, even if it's not much. And when you tell him that he should feel that way about you rather than the job, he retreats.
That's because he'd rather make a choice between right and wrong than the choice you're asking him to make: The choice between two things that are both important, but vastly different.
The "Ex" Fight
You want to know what she's like, what she does, why your man was into her, and why they broke up. Him? He wants to stay as tight-lipped as the CIA's man in Moscow.
Which only fuels the speculation - she must've been great, she must've broken up with him, she must've been the love of his life. The truth may be none of those things, but he wants to reveal as little as possible because there's no upside.
If he recalls any positives about her, he's afraid you'll compare, and think poorly of yourself. If he says nasty things about his ex, he loses two ways: you'll think badly of him for unchivalrous behavior, and wonder why he was with such a no-good girlfriend in the first place.
The "Finale" Fight
When a break-up is inevitable, a guy doesn't want to go out with shouts, insults, crying, and random appliance tossing. Even though this relationship may have not worked out entirely the way either of you had pictured, he doesn't want it to end badly.
Why? Because there's a big part of him that cares very much about his rep; he doesn't want to be perceived as a bad guy, or a mean one, or some jerk who deserves to be hit by the cross-town bus next time he crosses the street.
Even if he wants an ending, he doesn't want it to be a bad one - which is why many breakup-minded men try to make a soft landing back in the singles world: Slowly, gently, and perhaps unfairly as well.
The "Wedding" Fights
Not the wedding fight, as in whether or not to have one. But fights, as in plural, the kind that happen between the first ring he puts on your finger, and the second. He knows you want him involved in all the decisions big (who to invite) and small (what style napkins). He knows that "It's up to you" is usually one of the "Five Things You Should Never Say to a Woman," as this article artfully instructs (hint: make sure he reads and heeds it!).
But in this case, his acquiescence isn't because he's uninterested; it's because he respects that this is your (and possibly your mother's) big day, so enjoy it, do what you want, and don't get mad because he won't tell you if he prefers the butter cream icing or the marzipan.
As for other kinds of fights, here's a great list of common face-offs and how men will try to defuse them. See if you recognize any of his tactics.
Hai, i would like to share an article from internet:
http://landing.netmyne.com.index.
carrot&code=&mode=search...
This article is about "The nutrition of carrot"
Carrots are nutritional heroes, they store a goldmine of nutrients. No other vegetable or fruit contains as much carotene as carrots, which the body converts to vitamin A. This is a truly versatile vegetable and an excellent source of vitamins B and C as well as calcium pectate, an extraordinary pectin fibre that has been found to have cholesterol-lowering properties.
The carrot is an herbaceous plant containing about 87% water, rich in mineral salts and vitamins (B,C,D,E).
Raw carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A and potassium; they contain vitamin C, vitamin B6, thiamine, folic acid, and magnesium.
Cooked carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A, a good source of potassium, and contain vitamin B6, copper, folic acid, and magnesium. The high level of beta-carotene is very important and gives carrots their distinctive orange colour.
Carrots also contain, in smaller amounts, essential oils, carbohydrates and nitrogenous composites. They are well-known for their sweetening, antianaemic, healing, diuretic, remineralizing and sedative properties.
In order to assimilate the greatest quantity of the nutrients present in carrots, it is important to chew them well - they are the exception to the rule - they are more nutritious cooked than raw.
My Comment;
CARROT mmmmmm is a nutritious vegetables..Carrot have many important vitamins and minerals.
Carrot mainly contain vitamin A that helps to improve our vision.
Moreover it also plays a big role in protecting as well as nourishing the skin..so guys to have a smooth skin, all of you must start to eat carrot regularly.
Besides carrot contain a form of calcium which easily absorbed by the body..Finally I hope that all of you gain information from this article.
Thank You..
Hello… here is the synopsis of the novel `Silent sisters`
Jenny Tomlin and Kim Challinor had a brutal childhood, growing up in a house where no one was safe and violent beatings and sexual abuse were part of daily life. these are the two silent sisters who i admire when i read the 'silent sister' novel written by themselves.
This is a true story where two sisters who shared a nightmare and survived. bothe girls escaped the family home as soon as possible but in a sickening pattern of violence. jenny went on to suffer unimaginable degradations at the hands of her violent partner and kim had cope with the agony of watching history repeat itself. through all the horror, what kept the sister going was the extraordinarilly powerful bond between the two of them, which has survived terrifying pain and given them the strength to thriumph over the past.
This is a profoundly courageous tale of the strength of the human spirit and the redemptive power of love. everyone if got chance must read this superb novel to gain some experience of a tough life gone through by the two sisters.
My legend
Do you know a person who got the principles :
TRUTH
SIMPLICITY
NON-VIOLENCE
VEGETARIANISM
BRAHMACHARYA
&
FAITH
Well, this is the one person who I admire the most and wanted him to be my lifetime legend …
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Some of many things that I love about this honourable man is :
- Gandhi practiced non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same.
- He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha.
- He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and social protest.
I am really proud to have MAHATMA GANDHI as my lifetime legend.
hello… this is an article of the benefit of jogging in the website of http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Benefits-Of-Jogging&id=588626
There are actually so many benefits to jogging that it would be impossible to list them all. At the top of the list would have to be how great jogging is for losing weight. Now, let me say right off, if you are obese, jogging is something that you want to do slowly as it can be very taxing on an extremely overweight person. But there is no better way, over time, to lose those pounds than with a good two mile jog in the park. If you're first starting out, try a mile or even a half mile. Start slow, but get started.
Another benefit to jogging is that is tones the muscles and bones. This is critical in preventing muscle and bone loss. You will find very few joggers who end up suffering from osteoporosis later on in life.
Then of course there are the cardiovascular benefits from jogging. A good jog really gets the heart pumping and the blood flowing. You won't find too many people who jog dying from heart disease or stroke. The circulatory systems are usually in tip-top shape.
But the one benefit of jogging that most people are totally unaware of is the mental benefit. Studies have shown conclusively that people who jog simply have a better outlook on life and are generally a lot happier. A lot of it has to do with the great feeling you get from getting out there and running a couple of miles. It's the sense of accomplishment that makes people feel good. I personally know that after I'm done with my morning jog (1 mile everyday) I feel like a new person. And when I can't jog outside due to the weather, I hit the treadmill downstairs and really ramp it up.
Comment:
Based on the above article, the are many benefit of jogging. One of the benefit is loss weight. To reduce weight, a person should jog atleast 2 mile per day. Other than that jogging able to tones the muscle and bones. This can avoid from the disease of osteoporosis. Jogging also can benefit cardiovascular and ensure the circular system at a good stage. The last benefit of jogging is mental relaxness. Each person that used to jog always look happy and having a dignity life… thanks…
Futsal is an indoor version of association football. Its name is derived from the Portuguese futebol de salão and the Spanish fútbol sala/de salón, which can be translated as 'indoor football'.
Futsal is played between two teams of five players, one of whom is the goalkeeper, and up to seven substitutes per team. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller ball with less bounce than a regulation football.[1] The rules create an emphasis on improvisation, creativity and technique as well as ball control and passing in small spaces.[2]
Other forms of indoor football games, which are played by somewhat different rules, exist and may be referred to as indoor football, five-a-side football or indoor soccer. Many of these codes predate FIFA's adoption and endorsement of futsal rules; the American indoor soccer variant, with a regulation-sized ball, larger artificial turf-covered court, and walls off which the ball may be rebounded, has sustained professional leagues in that country for over thirty years.
Fashion
Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine, literature, art, architecture, and general comportment) that are popular in a culture at any given time. Such styles may change quickly, and "fashion" in the more colloquial sense refers to the latest version of these styles. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole.
The terms "fashionable" and "unfashionable" are employed to describe whether someone or something fits in with the current or even not so current, popular mode of expression. The term "fashion" is frequently used in a positive sense, as a synonym for glamour, beauty and style. In this sense, fashions are a sort of communal art, through which a culture examines its notions of beauty and goodness. The term "fashion" is also sometimes used in a negative sense, as a synonym for fads and trends, and materialism. A number of cities are recognized as global fashion centers and are recognized for their fashion weeks, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. These cities are Paris, Milan, New York City, and London. Other cities, mainly Los Angeles, Berlin, Tokyo, Rome, Miami, Hong Kong, São Paulo, Sydney, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Madrid, Montreal, Mumbai, Vienna, Auckland, Moscow, New Delhi , San Juan, Dubai and Dallas also hold fashion weeks and are better recognized every year
Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with low quality preparation and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term "fast food" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam-Webster in 1951.
Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.
The capital requirements involved in opening up a fast food restaurant are relatively low. Smaller, individually-owned fast food restaurants are becoming much more common throughout the world. Restaurants with much higher sit-in ratios, where customers tend to sit and have their orders brought to them in a seemingly more upscale atmosphere, are known as fast casual restaurants
STRESS......
Life in the 90's can be stressful.
Doctors are seeing more and more people suffering from stress-related symptoms.
These include worsening relationships with people, breathlessness, weight loss or comfort-eating, lack of sleep, and depression.
Stress can start, or make worse, many physical illnesses.
One of the main reasons for stress is work and work-related problems. People are often pressured into working harder, and for longer hours. But stress can also result from studying at school or college, or from any difficult situation.
How to beat stress
Not always easy! As with any other problem, it is important to find someone to talk to. If the symptoms are bad, then you should get help as quickly as possible from a doctor, health professional or other advisor. But there is a lot you can do yourself:
1) Sit down with a friend if you can, and talk about the problem. Find out what things in your work or life are causing stress. Even just talking to someone can bring relief from stress. It will help you to see the picture more clearly if you write a list of all the things that seem to be problems.
Are there ways of removing any of these problem areas from your life?
2) Consider - are there responsibilities in your work or life, which you do not need to have, and can be laid down? Are you the sort of person who takes on more things than you should?
3) Can you work out better ways of handling stressful things in your life? Perhaps they are not as important as they seem? Perhaps it is your reaction to the things that is the problem, not the things themselves?
5) These things seem bigger than they really are, but it may be possible to work out ways of keeping them to their real size.
6) Learn to find ways of relaxing and thinking of other things.
Work tips
Learn to make priorities (ie to put the most important things first) How? At the beginning of the day, write down everything you plan to do that day, on a piece of paper, a "TO DO"list.
List the jobs according to importance.
1. "A" must be done today.
2. "B" can be left until tomorrow.
3. "C" can be left for some days.
4. "D" is it really necessary?
Then carry out the tasks according to your list of importance, with "A" tasks being done immediately.
At the end of the day, don't worry about things that have not been done.
Write them down on the list for the next day, perhaps giving them a different priority. Then forget them till the next day! (This little idea is so effective that many businesses pay big money to Work Advice Companies, who suggested this as a way of improving efficiency!)
# Remember you are not perfect - you will always make mistakes
# Learn to say 'no' politely to extra work
# Always take time for a proper meal break. Maybe it will help to take a quiet meal break away from everyone else.
# Don't leave things till the last minute. Allow spare time for travel, for appointments, for the unexpected.
# Don't drive yourself hard all the time. No one is Superman or Superwoman. Everybody has a breaking point. Recognise where yours is. If it is less than for other people in your place of work, don't worry. You must not always try to live up to what others expect of you, or even what you demand from yourself. You can only do your own best.
What else?
* Learn to relax at home - do things you enjoy. Take time out to do other relaxing things or hobbies. Take days off, and go somewhere completely different.
* Get plenty of exercise - our bodies are made to be used. If your job keeps you always sitting in one place, you must get your blood circulating another way! And eat a good balanced mixture of healthy food, with plenty of fruit, fibre, and green vegetables.
* Get involved in helping other people - this always brings our own problems down to their proper size.
* Don't hold a hard feeling or resentment against anyone at work, in your family, or anywhere else. It will always damage you, and cause extra stress. Find a way quickly to forgive them, and sort out the differences.
* As a father told his son, "If you would only realise and accept the fact that life is a struggle, things would be so much easier for you." You cannot change some things! Learning to live with, and get on top of, struggles, is what helps us to grow and mature.
Is there more?
Yes. You no longer need to fight these battles on your own. It is possible to find a new strength for living, and a whole new way of looking at life. We have found that God can be a personal friend, who can lead us through these difficult times.
He promises us a special peace of mind, which cannot be found anywhere else.
You don't need to be alone any more!
Note that other sections on the problem page may also help you.
Samaritans and Befrienders offices around the world, offer a telephone advice service. Look in your phone book under 'Crisis'. You can also contact them by email at Samaritans.org in UK, and Befrienders in many countries around the world. They are completely confidential - they will never tell anyone else what you have shared with them They say, "Whatever you are going through, we will go through it with you."
Some Fun Ways to Practice Reading English
Even if you do not live in a country where English is a primary language, you can take advantage of many opportunities to practice reading in English. As you progress with your studies, you will come to appreciate the richness and variety of styles that individuals will use to express themselves. As with your own language, you are likely to find that you will prefer the way one author writes over others. By taking advantage of a wide variety of sources, you will also gain some insight into the boundaries that define expression of thoughts and concepts.
Reading Classic Books Online
If you have never had a chance to read the works of Dickens, Poe, or other classical English writers, you can find some of their works for free online. Among other things, you can download entire novels from Project Gutenberg. You may also want to browse the internet and look for critical reviews of classical materials. This will help give you some insight into the materials you have just read, and also provide an opportunity to see if others interpret the materials in the same way.
Purchasing Books on Topics of Interest
If you are not interested in classical literature, perhaps it does not make much sense to force yourself to read these materials. Fortunately, there are millions of books written in English. As an example, if you enjoy water color painting, you may want to purchase a book about it written in English. In many cases, you will be able to locate and purchase books for just a few cents per book.
Subscribe to Internet Newsletters
Chances are, if there is a hobby you are interested in, there are authors writing newsletters about it in English. If you search the web, it should be fairly easy to locate websites that sponsor free newsletters. These newsletters are ideal, in part because they provide you with fresh and contemporary reading materials. In addition, because they are about a topic that you already know something about, you will be able to appreciate the information that is shared, as well as practice your reading skills.
Read News Articles in English
Unlike years ago, you can have access to news in English whenever you want. If you are interested in particular area of the world, you may even want to dedicate your reading time to those sections of the news. In most cases, you can find free news resources on the internet. These may also be an excellent place for you to find the names of other websites that have additional information that you might be interested in.
Over the years, the internet has created a tremendous amount of access to materials written in English. If you want to have fun and improve your reading skills at the same time, these can provide you with hours of interesting materials to practice on. In the process, you may even uncover new information about a hobby, or meet people from around the world that share your interests.
Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection.[1] The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my girlfriend"). This diversity of meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.
As an abstract concept, love usually refers to a deep, ineffable feeling of tenderly caring for another person. Even this limited conception of love, however, encompasses a wealth of different feelings, from the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love to the nonsexual emotional closeness of familial and Platonic love[2] to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love.[3] Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.
Definitions
Look up love in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.The English word love can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Often, other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts which English relies mainly on love to encapsulate; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love". Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus make it doubly difficult to establish any universal definition.[4]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't "love". As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like), love is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is commonly contrasted with friendship, though other definitions of the word love may be applied to close friendships in certain contexts.
When discussed in the abstract, love usually refers to interpersonal love, an experience felt by a person for another person. Love often involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing, including oneself (cf. narcissism).
In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, though the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry.[5]
Because of the complex and abstract nature of love, discourse on love is commonly reduced to a thought-terminating cliché, and there are a number of common proverbs regarding love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All you need is love". Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value", as opposed to relative value. Theologian Thomas Jay Oord said that to love is to "act intentionally, in sympathetic response to others, to promote overall well-being".
Impersonal love
A person can be said to love a country, principle, or goal if they value it greatly and are deeply committed to it. Similarly, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be borne not of interpersonal love, but impersonal love coupled with altruism and strong political convictions. People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with that item. If sexual passion is also involved, this condition is called paraphilia.[6]
Interpersonal love
Grandmother and grandchild, Sri LankaInterpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a more potent sentiment than a simple liking for another. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love which are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships. Such love might exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are also a number of psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania.
Throughout history, philosophy and religion have done the most speculation on the phenomenon of love. In the last century, the science of psychology has written a great deal on the subject. In recent years, the sciences of evolutionary psychology, evolutionary biology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have added to the understanding of the nature and function of love.
Chemical basis
Main article: Love (scientific views)
Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst.[7] Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love, divides the experience of love into three partly-overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust exposes people to others, romantic attraction encourages people to focus their energy on mating, and attachment involves tolerating the spouse long enough to rear a child into infancy.
Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to an individual mate forms. Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain set of chemicals, including pheromones, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which act similar to amphetamines, stimulating the brain's pleasure center and leading to side-effects such as an increased heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and an intense feeling of excitement. Research has indicated that this stage generally lasts from one and a half to three years.[8]
Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding which promotes relationships that last for many years, and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or on mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin than short-term relationships have.[8] In 2005, Italian scientists at Pavia University found that a protein molecule known as the nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year. Specifically, four neurotrophin levels, i.e. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, of 58 subjects who had recently fallen in love were compared with levels in a control group who were either single or already engaged in a long-term relationship. The results showed that NGF levels were significantly higher in the subjects in love than as compared to either of the control groups.[9]
Psychological basis
Further information: Human bonding
Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love and argued that love has three different components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives. Intimacy is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last and most common form of love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three components. American psychologist Zick Rubin seeks to define love by psychometrics. His work states that three factors constitute love: attachment, caring and intimacy.[10][11]
Following developments in electrical theories, such as Coulomb's law, which showed that positive and negative charges attract, analogs in human life were developed, such as "opposites attract". Over the last century, research on the nature of human mating has generally found this not to be true when it comes to character and personality; people tend to like people similar to themselves. However, in a few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems, it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves (e.g. with an orthogonal immune system), since this will lead to a baby which has the best of both worlds.[12] In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities.
Some Western authorities disaggregate into two main components, the altruistic and the narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck, whose works in the field of applied psychology explored the definitions of love and evil. Peck maintains that love is a combination of the "concern for the spiritual growth of another", and simple narcissism.[13] In combination, love is an activity, not simply a feeling.
Sacred Love Versus Profane Love (1602-1603) by Giovanni Baglione
Comparison of scientific models
Biological models of love tend to see it as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst.[citation needed] Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. There are probably elements of truth in both views — certainly love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin), neurotrophins (such as NGF), and pheromones, and how people think and behave in love is influenced by their conceptions of love. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major drives in love — sexual attraction and attachment. Attachment between adults is presumed to work on the same principles that lead an infant to become attached to its mother. The traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Passionate love is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate). Companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal.
Studies have shown that brain scans of those infatuated by love display a resemblance to those with a mental illness. Love creates activity in the same area of the brain that hunger, thirst, and drug cravings create activity in. New love, therefore, could possibly be more physical than emotional. Over time, this reaction to love mellows, and different areas of the brain are activated, primarily ones involving long-term commitments. Dr. Andrew Newberg, a neuroscientist, suggests that this reaction to love is so similar to that of drugs because without love, humanity would die out.
Cultural views
Persian
Even after all this time
The sun never says to the earth "you owe me".
Look what happens with a Love like that!
- It lights the whole Sky. (Hafiz)
Rumi, Hafez and Sa'di are icons of the passion and love that the Persian culture and language present. The Persian word for love is eshgh, deriving from the Arabic ishq. In the Persian culture, everything is encompassed by love and all is for love, starting from loving friends and family, husbands and wives, and eventually reaching the divine love that is the ultimate goal in life. Over seven centuries ago, Sa'di wrote:
The children of Adam are limbs of each other
Having been created of one essence.
When the calamity of time afflicts one limb
The other limbs cannot remain at rest.
If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others
You are not worthy to be called by the name of "man".
Chinese and other Sinic cultures
The traditional Chinese character for love (愛) consists of a heart (middle) inside of "accept", "feel", or "perceive", which shows a graceful emotion.In contemporary Chinese language and culture, several terms or root words are used for the concept of "love":
It was the Qing‘s emperor first word of name.
Ai (愛) is used as a verb (e.g. Wo ai ni, "I love you") or as a noun, especially in aiqing (愛情), "love" or "romance." In mainland China since 1949, airen (愛人, originally "lover," or more literally, "love person") is the dominant word for "spouse" (with separate terms for "wife" and "husband" originally being de-emphasized); the word once had a negative connotation, which it retains among many on Taiwan.
Lian (戀) is not generally used alone, but instead as part of such terms as "being in love" (談戀愛, tan lian'ai—also containing ai), "lover" (戀人, lianren) or "homosexuality" (同性戀, tongxinglian).
Qing (情), commonly meaning "feeling" or "emotion," often indicates "love" in several terms. It is contained in the word aiqing (愛情); qingren (情人) is a term for "lover".
In Confucianism, lian is a virtuous benevolent love. Lian should be pursued by all human beings, and reflects a moral life. The Chinese philosopher Mozi developed the concept of ai (愛) in reaction to Confucian lian. Ai, in Mohism, is universal love towards all beings, not just towards friends or family, without regard to reciprocation. Extravagance and offensive war are inimical to ai. Although Mozi's thought was influential, the Confucian lian is how most Chinese conceive of love.
Gănqíng (感情), the "feeling" of a relationship, vaguely similar to empathy. A person will express love by building good gănqíng, accomplished through helping or working for another and emotional attachment toward another person or anything.
Yuanfen (緣份) is a connection of bound destinies. A meaningful relationship is often conceived of as dependent strong yuanfen. It is very similar to serendipity. A similar conceptualization in English is, "They were made for each other," "fate," or "destiny".
Zaolian (Simplified: 早恋, Traditional: 早戀, pinyin: zǎoliàn), literally, "early love," is a contemporary term in frequent use for romantic feelings or attachments among children or adolescents. Zaolian describes both relationships among a teenaged boyfriend and girlfriend, as well as the "crushes" of early adolescence or childhood. The concept essentially indicates a prevalent belief in contemporary Chinese culture that due to the demands of their studies (especially true in the highly competitive educational system of China), youth should not form romantic attachments lest their jeopardize their chances for success in the future. Reports have appeared in Chinese newspapers and other media detailing the prevalence of the phenomenon and its perceived dangers to students and the fears of parents.
Japanese
In Japanese Buddhism, ai (愛) is passionate caring love, and a fundamental desire. It can develop towards either selfishness or selflessness and enlightenment.
Amae (甘え), a Japanese word meaning "indulgent dependence", is part of the child-rearing culture of Japan. Japanese mothers are expected to hug and indulge their children, and children are expected to reward their mothers by clinging and serving. Some sociologists have suggested that Japanese social interactions in later life are modeled on the mother-child amae.
Ancient Greek
Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word love is used. For example, Ancient Greek has the words philia, eros, agape, storge and xenia. However, with Greek as with many other languages, it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo being used with the same meaning as phileo.
Agape (ἀγάπη agápē) means love in modern day Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is the verb I love. It generally refers to a "pure", ideal type of love rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as "love of the soul".
Eros (ἔρως érōs) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word erota means in love. Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty, and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as "love of the body".
Philia (φιλία philía), a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. Can also mean "love of the mind".
Storge (στοργή storgē) is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.
Xenia (ξενία xenía), hospitality, was an extremely important practice in Ancient Greece. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and their guest, who could previously be strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was only expected to repay with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology, in particular Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Turkish (Shaman & Islamic)
In Turkish the word "love" comes up with several meanings. A person can love the god, a person, the parents or the family. But that person can "love" just one person from the opposite sex which they call the word "aşk". Aşk is a feeling for to love, as it still is in Turkish today. The Turks used this word just for their romantic loves in a romantic or sexual sense. If a Turk says that he is in love (aşk) with somebody, it is not a love that a person can feel for his or her parents; it is just for one person and it indicates a huge infatuation. The word is also common for Turkic languages, such as Kazakh (ғашық).
Ancient Roman (Latin)
The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word 'love'.
Amare is the basic word for to love, as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense, as well as in a romantic or sexual sense. From this verb come amans, a lover, amator, 'professional lover', often with the accessory notion of lechery, and amica, 'girlfriend' in the English sense, often as well being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor, which is also used in the plural form to indicate 'love affairs' or 'sexual adventures'. This same root also produces amicus, 'friend', and amicitia, 'friendship' (often based on mutual advantage, and corresponding sometimes more closely to 'indebtedness' or 'influence'). Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship (de Amicitia) which discusses the notion at some length. Ovid wrote a guide to dating called Ars Amatoria (The Art of Lovers), which addresses in depth everything from extramarital affairs to overprotective parents.
Complicating the picture somewhat, Latin sometimes uses amare where English would simply say to like; this notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by placere or delectare, which are used more colloquially, and the latter of which is used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus.
Diligere often has the notion 'to be affectionate for', 'to esteem', and rarely if ever is used of romantic love. This word would be appropriate to describe the friendship of two men. The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning 'diligence' 'carefulness' and has little semantic overlap with the verb.
Observare is a synonym for 'diligere'; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun 'observantia' often denote 'esteem' or 'affection'.
Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean 'charitable love'. This meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
Religious views
Christian
The Christian understanding is that love comes from God. The love of man and woman, eros in Greek, and the unselfish love of others, agape, are often contrasted as 'ascending' and 'descending' love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing. [14]
There are several Greek words for Love that are regularly referred to in Christian circles.
Agape - In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is parental love seen as creating goodness in the world, it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another.
Phileo - Also used in the New Testament, Phileo is a human response to something that is found to be delightful. Also known as "brotherly love".
Two other words for love in the Greek language, Eros (sexual love) and Storge (child-to-parent love) were never used in the New Testament.
Christians believe that to Love God with all your heart, mind, and strength and Love your neighbor as yourself are the two most important things in life (the greatest commandment of the Jewish Torah, according to Jesus - c.f. Gospel of Mark chapter 12, verses 28-34). Saint Augustine summarized this when he wrote "Love God, and do as thou wilt".
Paul the Apostle glorified love as the most important virtue of all. Describing love in the famous poem in 1 Corinthians he wrote, "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres." - 1 Cor. 13:4-7 (NIV)
John the Apostle wrote, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him. Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only Son." - John 3:16-18 (NIV)
John also wrote, "Dear friends, let us love one another for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." - 1 John 4:7-8 (NIV)
Saint Augustine says that one must be able to decipher the difference between love and lust. Lust, according to Saint Augustine, is an over indulgence, but to love and be loved is what he has sought for his entire life. He even says, “I was in love with love.” Finally, he does fall in love and is loved back, by God. Saint Augustine says the only one who can love you truly and fully is God, because love with a human only allows for flaws such as, “jealousy, suspicion, fear, anger, and contention.” According to Saint Augustine to love God is “to attain the peace which is yours.” (Saint Augustine Confessions)
Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is mirrored in humans and their own loving relationships. Influential Christian theologian C.S. Lewis wrote a book called The Four Loves.
Benedict XVI wrote his first encyclical on God is love. He said that a human being, created in the image of God who is love, is able to practice love: to give himself to God and others (agape), by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation (eros). This life of love, according to him, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and the Blessed Virgin Mary, and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them.[14]
Buddhist
In Buddhism, Kāma is sensuous, sexual love. It is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, since it is selfish.
Karuṇā is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. It is complementary to wisdom, and is necessary for enlightenment.
Adveṣa and maitrī are benevolent love. This love is unconditional and requires considerable self-acceptance. This is quite different from ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex, and which rarely occur without self-interest. Instead, in Buddhism it refers to detachment and unselfish interest in others' welfare.
The Bodhisattva ideal in Mahayana Buddhism involves the complete renunciation of oneself in order to take on the burden of a suffering world. The strongest motivation one has in order to take the path of the Bodhisattva is the idea of salvation within unselfish, altruistic love for all sentient beings.
Indic and Hindu
In Hinduism kāma is pleasurable, sexual love, personified by the god Kamadeva. For many Hindu schools it is the third end (artha) in life. Kamadeva is often pictured holding a bow of sugarcane and an arrow of flowers: he may ride upon a great parrot. He is usually accompanied by his consort Rati and his companion Vasanta, lord of the spring season. Stone images of Kaama and Rati can be seen on the door of the Chenna Keshava temple at Belur, in Karnataka, India. Maara is another name for kāma.
In contrast to kāma, prema or prem refers to elevated love. Karuna is compassion and mercy, which impels one to help reduce the suffering of others. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term meaning 'loving devotion to the supreme God'. A person who practices bhakti is called a bhakta. Hindu writers, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished nine forms of bhakti which can be found in the Bhagavatha-Purana and works by Tulsidas. The philosophical work Narada Bhakti Sutras written by an unknown author (presumed to be Narada) distinguishes eleven forms of love.
Arabic and Islamic
In a sense, love does encompass the Islamic view of life as universal brotherhood which applies to all who hold the faith. There are no direct references stating that God is love, but amongst the 99 names of God (Allah), there is the name Al-Wadud or 'the Loving One', which is found in Surah 11:90 as well as Surah 85:14. It refers to God as being "full of loving kindness". All who hold the faith have God's love, but to what degree or effort he has pleased God depends on the individual itself.
Ishq, or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism. Sufis believe that love is a projection of the essence of God to the universe. God desires to recognize beauty, and as if one looks at a mirror to see oneself, God "looks" at itself within the dynamics of nature. Since everything is a reflection of God, the school of Sufism practices to see the beauty inside the apparently ugly. Sufism is often referred to as the religion of Love. God in Sufism is referred to in three main terms which are the Lover, Loved, and Beloved with the last of these terms being often seen in Sufi poetry. A common viewpoint of Sufism is that through Love humankind can get back to its inherent purity and grace. The saints of Sufism are infamous for being "drunk" due to their Love of God hence the constant reference to wine in Sufi poetry and music.
Jewish
In Hebrew Ahava is the most commonly-used term for both interpersonal love and love of God. Other related but dissimilar terms are Chen (grace) and Hesed, which basically combines the meaning of "affection" and "compassion" and is sometimes rendered in English as "loving-kindness".
Judaism employs a wide definition of love, both between people and between man and the Deity. As for the former, the Torah states: "Love your neighbor like yourself" (Leviticus 19:18). As for the latter, one is commanded to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" (Deuteronomy 6:5), taken by the Mishnah (a central text of the Jewish oral law) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all one's possessions and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity (tractate Berachoth 9:5). Rabbinic literature differs how this love can be developed, e.g. by contemplating Divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature.
As for love between marital partners, this is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love" (Ecclesiastes 9:9). The Biblical book Song of Songs is considered a romantically-phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading reads like a love song.
The 20th century Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point-of-view as "giving without expecting to take" (from his Michtav me-Eliyahu, vol. 1). Romantic love per se has few echoes in Jewish literature, although the Medieval Rabbi Judah Halevi wrote romantic poetry in Arabic in his younger years (he appears to have regretted this later).
Turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the crown group Chelonia), most of whose body is shielded by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs. The Order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species. The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago,[1] making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards and snakes. About 300 species are alive today, and some are highly endangered.
Turtles cannot breathe in water, but they can hold their breath for various periods of time.
Like other reptiles, turtles are "cold-blooded" (or poikilothermic — "of varying temperature"[2]). Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic.
Anatomy and morphology
Chelonia mydas in Kona, HawaiiThe largest chelonian is the great leatherback sea turtle, which reaches a shell length of 200 cm (80 inches) and can reach a weight of over 900 kg (2,000 lb, or 1 short ton). Freshwater turtles are generally smaller, but with the largest species, the Asian softshell turtle Pelochelys cantorii, a few individuals have been reported up to 200 cm or 80 in (Das, 1991). This dwarfs even the better-known Alligator Snapping Turtle, the largest chelonian in North America, which attains a shell length of up to 80 cm (31½ in) and a weight of about 60 kg (170 lb).
Giant tortoises of the genera Geochelone, Meiolania, and others were relatively widely distributed around the world into prehistoric times, and are known to have existed in North and South America, Australia, and Africa. They became extinct at the same time as the appearance of man, and it is assumed that humans hunted them for food. The only surviving giant tortoises are on the Seychelles and Galápagos Islands and can grow to over 130 cm (50 in) in length, and weigh about 300 kg (670 lb).[3]
The largest ever chelonian was Archelon ischyros, a Late Cretaceous sea turtle known to have been up to 4.6 m (15 ft) long.[4]
The smallest turtle is the Speckled Padloper Tortoise of South Africa. It measures no more than 8 cm (3 in) in length and weighs about 140 g (5 oz). Two other species of small turtles are the American mud turtles and musk turtles that live in an area that ranges from Canada to South America. The shell length of many species in this group is less than 13 cm (5 in) in length.
Neck folding
Turtles are broken down into two groups, according to how they evolved a solution to the problem of withdrawing their neck into their shell (something the ancestral Proganochelys could not do): the Cryptodira, which can draw their neck in while contracting it under their spine; and the Pleurodira, which contract their neck to the side.
Head
Closeup head-on view of a common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), taken near the St. Lawrence River in northern New York State
Turtle in the zoo of Sharm el-Sheikh
Turtle in the zoo from Czech republic
Turtle in the backyard of a Florida Resident.Most turtles that spend most of their life on land have their eyes looking down at objects in front of them. Some aquatic turtles, such as snapping turtles and soft-shelled turtles, have eyes closer to the top of the head. These species of turtles can hide from predators in shallow water where they lie entirely submerged except for their eyes and nostrils. Sea turtles possess glands near their eyes that produce salty tears that rid their body of excess salt taken in from the water they drink.
Turtles are thought to have exceptional night vision due to the unusually large number of rod cells in their retinas. Turtles have color vision with a wealth of cone subtypes with sensitivities ranging from the near Ultraviolet (UV A) to Red. Some land turtles have very poor pursuit movement abilities, which are normally reserved for predators that hunt quick moving prey, but carnivorous turtles are able to move their heads quickly to snap.
Turtles have a rigid beak. Turtles use their jaws to cut and chew food. Instead of teeth, the upper and lower jaws of the turtle are covered by horny ridges. Carnivorous turtles usually have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Herbivorous turtles have serrated-edged ridges that help them cut through tough plants. Turtles use their tongues to swallow food, but they cannot, unlike most reptiles, stick out their tongues to catch food.
Shell
The upper shell of the turtle is called the carapace. The lower shell that encases the belly is called the plastron. The carapace and plastron are joined together on the turtle's sides by bony structures called bridges. The inner layer of a turtle's shell is made up of about 60 bones that includes portions of the backbone and the ribs, meaning the turtle cannot crawl out of its shell. In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis. Scutes are made up of a fibrous protein called keratin that also makes up the scales of other reptiles. These scutes overlap the seams between the shell bones and add strength to the shell. Some turtles do not have horny scutes. For example, the leatherback sea turtle and the soft-shelled turtles have shells covered with leathery skin instead.
The shape of the shell gives helpful clues to how the turtle lives. Most tortoises have a large dome-shaped shell that makes it difficult for predators to crush the shell between their jaws. One of the few exceptions is the African pancake tortoise which has a flat, flexible shell that allows it to hide in rock crevices. Most aquatic turtles have flat, streamlined shells which aid in swimming and diving. American snapping turtles and musk turtles have small, cross-shaped plastrons that give them more efficient leg movement for walking along the bottom of ponds and streams.
Baby turtle hiding in its shellThe color of a turtle's shell may vary. Shells are commonly colored brown, black, or olive green. In some species, shells may have red, orange, yellow, or grey markings and these markings are often spots, lines, or irregular blotches. One of the most colorful turtles is the eastern Painted Turtle which includes a yellow plastron and a black or olive shell with red markings around the rim.
Tortoises, being land-based, have rather heavy shells. In contrast, aquatic and soft-shelled turtles have lighter shells that help them avoid sinking in water and swim faster with more agility. These lighter shells have large spaces called fontanelles between the shell bones. The shell of a leatherback turtle is extremely light because they lack scutes and contain many fontanelles.
Skin and molting
As mentioned above, the outer layer of the shell is part of the skin, each scute (or plate) on the shell corresponding to a single modified scale. The remainder of the skin is composed of skin with much smaller scales, similar to the skin of other reptiles. Turtles and terrapins do not molt their skins all in one go, as snakes do, but continuously, in small pieces. When kept in aquaria, small sheets of dead skin can be seen in the water (often appearing to be a thin piece of plastic) having been sloughed off when the animal deliberately rubs itself against a piece of wood or stone. Tortoises also shed skin, but a lot of dead skin is allowed to accumulate into thick knobs and plates that provide protection to parts of the body outside the shell.
By counting the rings formed by the stack of smaller, older scutes on top of the larger, newer ones, it is possible to estimate the age of a turtle, if you know how many scutes are produced in a year.[5] This method is not very accurate, partly because growth rate is not constant, but also because some of the scutes eventually fall away from the shell.
Limbs
Two turtles with outstretched limbs beside a Minnesota pond.Terrestrial tortoises have short, sturdy feet. Tortoises are famous for moving slowly, in part because of their heavy, cumbersome shell but also because of the relatively inefficient sprawling gait that they have, with the legs being bent, as with lizards rather than being straight and directly under the body, as is the case with mammals.
The amphibious turtles normally have limbs similar to those of tortoises except that the feet are webbed and often have long claws. These turtles swim using all four feet in a way similar to the dog paddle, with the feet on the left and right side of the body alternately providing thrust. Large turtles tend to swim less than smaller ones, and the very big species, such as alligator snapping turtles, hardly swim at all, preferring to simply walk along the bottom of the river or lake. As well as webbed feet, turtles also have very long claws, used to help them clamber onto riverbanks and floating logs, upon which they like to bask. Male turtles tend to have particularly long claws, and these appear to be used to stimulate the female while mating. While most turtles have webbed feet, some, such as the Pig-nosed Turtle, have true flippers, with the digits being fused into paddles and the claws being relatively small. These species swim in the same way as sea turtles (see below).
Sea turtles are almost entirely aquatic and have flippers instead of feet. Sea turtles "fly" through the water, using the up-and-down motion of the front flippers to generate thrust; the back feet are not used for propulsion but may be used as rudders for steering. Compared with freshwater turtles, sea turtles have very limited mobility on land, and apart from the dash from the nest to the sea as hatchlings, male sea turtles normally never leave the sea. Females must come back onto land to lay eggs. They move very slowly and laboriously, dragging themselves forwards with their flippers. .
Ecology and life history
A turtle hatchling.Although many turtles spend large amounts of their lives underwater, all turtles and tortoises breathe air, and must surface at regular intervals to refill their lungs. They can also spend much of their lives on dry land. Aquatic respiration in Australian freshwater turtles is currently being studied. Some species have large cloacal cavities that are lined with many finger-like projections. These projections, called "papillae", have a rich blood supply, and increase the surface area of the cloaca. The turtles can take up dissolved oxygen from the water using these papillae, in much the same way that fish use gills to respire.
Turtles lay eggs, like other reptiles, which are slightly soft and leathery. The eggs of the largest species are spherical, while the eggs of the rest are elongated. Their albumen is white and contains a different protein than bird eggs, such that it will not coagulate when cooked. Turtle eggs prepared to eat consist mainly of yolk. In some species, temperature determines whether an egg develops into a male or a female: a higher temperature causes a female, a lower temperature causes a male. Large numbers of eggs are deposited in holes dug into mud or sand. They are then covered and left to incubate by themselves. When the turtles hatch, they squirm their way to the surface and head toward the water. There are no known species in which the mother cares for the young.
Sea turtles lay their eggs on dry, sandy beaches. Immature sea turtles are not cared for by the adults. Turtles can take many years to reach breeding age, and in many cases breed every few years rather than annually.
Researchers have recently discovered a turtle’s organs do not gradually break down or become less efficient over time, unlike most other animals. It was found that the liver, lungs, and kidneys of a centenarian turtle are virtually indistinguishable from those of its immature counterpart. This has inspired genetic researchers to begin examining the turtle genome for longevity genes.[6]
Taxonomy
Main article: Testudines
"Chelonia" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904Turtles are divided into three suborders, one of which, the Paracryptodira, is extinct. The two extant suborders are the Cryptodira and the Pleurodira. The Cryptodira is the larger of the two groups and includes all the marine turtles, the terrestrial tortoises, and many of the freshwater turtles. The Pleurodira are sometimes known as the side-necked turtles, a reference to the way they withdraw their heads into their shells. This smaller group consists primarily of various freshwater turtles.
Evolutionary history
The first proto-turtles are believed to have existed in the early Triassic Period[7] of the Mesozoic era, about 200 million years ago, and their shell, which has remained a remarkably stable body plan, is thought to have evolved from rows of protective armour plates that gradually fused to one another and eventually to the reptile's ribs and vertebrae as well, creating a complete shell that offered protection at every stage of its evolution.[8] By the late Jurassic, turtles had radiated widely, and their fossil history becomes easier to read.
Their exact ancestry is disputed. It was believed that they are the only surviving branch of the ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as procolophonids, millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs. All anapsid skulls lack a temporal opening, while all other extant amniotes have temporal openings (although in mammals the hole has become the zygomatic arch). The millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs became extinct in the late Permian period, and the procolophonoids during the Triassic.[9]
However, it was recently suggested that the anapsid-like turtle skull may be due to reversion rather than to anapsid descent. More recent phylogenetic studies with this in mind placed turtles firmly within diapsids, slightly closer to Squamata than to Archosauria.[10] All molecular studies have strongly upheld this new phylogeny, though some place turtles closer to Archosauria.[11] Reanalysis of prior phylogenies suggests that they classified turtles as anapsids both because they assumed this classification (most of them studying what sort of anapsid turtles are) and because they did not sample fossil and extant taxa broadly enough for constructing the cladogram. As of 2003, the consensus is that Testudines diverged from other diapsids between 200 and 279 million years ago.[12]
The earliest known fully-shelled turtle is the late-Triassic Proganochelys, though this species already had many advanced turtle traits, and thus probably had many millions of years of preceding "turtle" evolution and species in its ancestry. It did lack the ability to pull its head into its shell (and it had a long neck), and had a long, spiked tail ending in a club, implying an ancestry occupying a similar niche to the ankylosaurs (though only through parallel evolution).
Turtle, tortoise, or terrapin?
Different animals are called turtles, tortoises, or terrapins in different varieties of EnglishAlthough the word "turtle" is widely used to describe all members of the order Testudines, it is also common to see certain members described as terrapins, tortoises or sea turtles as well. Precisely how these alternative names are used, if at all, depends on the type of English being used.
British English normally describes these reptiles as turtles if they live in the sea; terrapins if they live in fresh or brackish water; or tortoises if they live on land. However, there are exceptions to this where American or Australian common names are in wide use, as with the Fly River turtle.
American English tends to use the word turtle for all freshwater species, as well as for certain land-dwelling species (e.g. box turtles). Oceanic species are usually referred to as sea turtles, and tortoise is restricted to members of the "true" tortoise family, Testudinidae. The name "terrapin" is typically reserved only for the brackish water diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin; the word terrapin being derived from the Algonquian word for this animal.[3]
Australian English uses turtle for both the marine and freshwater species but tortoise for the terrestrial species.
To avoid confusion, the word chelonian is popular among veterinarians, scientists, and conservationists working with these animals as a catch-all name for any member of the order Testudines. It is based on the Ancient Greek word χελώνη (chelone, modern Greek χελώνα), meaning tortoise.
As pets
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Keeping Pet TurtlesTurtles, particularly small terrestrial and freshwater turtles, are commonly kept as pets. Among the most popular are Russian Tortoises, Spur-thighed Tortoises, and Red-eared sliders (or terrapin).[13]
In the United States, due to the ease of contracting salmonella through casual contact with turtles, the FDA established a regulation in 1975 to discontinue the sale of turtles under 4 inches. It is illegal in every state in the U.S. for anyone to sell any turtles under 4 inches long. Many stores and flea markets still sell small turtles due to a loophole in the FDA regulation which allows turtles under 4 inches to be sold for "educational" purposes. [14][15]
Some states have other laws and regulations regarding possession of Red-eared Sliders (abbreviated as "RES") as pets because they are looked upon as invasive species or pests where they are not native but have been introduced through the pet trade. As of July 1, 2007 it is illegal in Florida to sell any wild type RES. Unusual color varieties such as albino and pastel RES, which are derived from captive breeding, are still allowed for sale. [16]
As food
The window of a restaurant serving guilinggao, decorated with a 龜 ('turtle') characterThe flesh of turtles was, or still is, considered a delicacy in a number of cultures. Turtle soup has been a prized dish in Anglo-American cuisine, and still remains so in some parts of the Far East.
Guilinggao jelly was a Chinese medicine preparation containing powdered shell of a certain turtle species; these days, though, it is typically made with only herbal ingredients.
"Harvesting" wild turtles is legal in Florida, and a single seafood company in Fort Lauderdale was reported (2008) as buying about 5,000 pounds of softshell turtles a week. The "harvesters" (hunters) are paid about $2 a pound; some manage to catch as many as 30-40 turtles (500 pounds) on a good day. Some of the catch gets to the local restaurants, while most of it is exported to the Far East; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission estimates (2008) that around 3,000 pounds of softshell turtles are exported each week via Tampa International Airport.
How to Cool Down a Hot Temper
We all have our bad days but some people get agitated more often and with more intensity. A hot temper affects our work and our relationships. We can somehow justify displays of anger in the office but it really hurts the bond between two people. Intimacy is hard to regain after an explosion and no relationship advice is going to erase feelings of hurt.
A relationship entails spending a lot of time together in a closed space. If we are talking about marriage, the bond is even tighter. You and your partner will see each other everyday and deal with life as it comes. No two people are alike or perfectly compatible. It doesn’t matter how much you love each other, there will be occasions where you will disagree with one another. Any anger between two lovers can quickly multiply because they both know each other so well. That means knowing each other’s weaknesses - a handy tool at the time of an argument.
How can we put the lid on such a temper? Whatever anger management tip you abide by, it has to be a consistent effort. Otherwise pent up anger will release itself one day. If it’s you simmering away, then you have to remind yourself that you are facing off with the person you love. Focus on his good qualities and shake your mind off thoughts on his shortcomings. If your partner’s the hot tempered one, you’d want him to do the same.
Whenever there is a disagreement or a disappointing situation, try to think logically. Will anger make anything better? Won’t a mature discussion be a better solution to the problem? Can you ask him to do something so that you won’t stay mad at him? For instance, if he forgot (not for the first time, you tell yourself) to bring the must-have vegetables you had listed, it’s better to ask him calmly to go back to the grocer’s to bring the forgotten. Later you can tell him that you were disappointed about his carelessness but at that time he comes home, you’ll have to do the sensible thing. Or it’ll make the whole evening one big fight.
When anger rises in your mind, you can always try the old method of counting down and taking deep breaths. It does work! Anger means energy. You’ll find yourself breathing fast and getting all clenched up. But by controlling this physical part of anger, you can relieve yourself mentally. As your breathing becomes regulated and you relax, the strong feelings will slowly dissipate.
One way to cool down a hot temper is to avoid digging up the past for ammunition. When you are upset at something, don’t drag in all the times your man disappointed you. This will spin you out of control. If you are angry at him for not taking out the trash, don’t yell at him for having too many drinks at a party last year.
When you are angry, sometimes it’s better to not say anything. Usually, that first outburst makes things complicated. In the heat of the moment you might end up saying things you don’t mean. If you feel you just have to let the energy out, just do something vigorous. Go for a jog, throw some punches at a beanbag or squeeze your pillow hard - anything physical, just as long as you don’t become destructive.
10 WAYS TO KEEP YOUR FRIENDSHIP STRONG
This is where peer pressure comes in. I learned that in wherever I go to, there will always be someone better, richer, smarter, and better looking than me. No matter what, there will always be a difference between 2 people. True friends will accept each other for who they are. Like for example, I have never been to Kenny’s (not the real name) house before. Kenny is also sort of sensitive whenever talks of visiting him in his house crops up. Well, whatever the reason was, I respected his choice of keeping it a secret and never mentioned it. We have been friends for 8 years now.
• Do unto others what you want other to do unto you
The golden rule. Applies to anyone anywhere everytime. Talk to them when they need you. Listen to their problems and try to solve it together. Give them space to go on dates. Don’t expect to hang out every weekend during game days. I’m sure I’d like the space to go on dates myself.
• Admit it and apologize
Friends will ALWAYS forgive you, no matter what. ALWAYS. I got into a huge argument over a pesky thing with Sam once and we didn’t communicate for awhile. I boycotted Nicholas when I felt pissed with his selfish character. I shared Jack’s secret with the others and he was pissed but didn’t know who spilled it. All in all, I admitted my wrong and apologized. Though it was hard on my ego, I still did it. It felt better afterwards.
• Let go
Move on. You have to let go. Or else you will be living in the residual of the past. That was what you were, not what you are. So don’t make the mistake of making who you will be into who you were.
• Compliment them in front of others
It feels good to be complimented. Do it only when you have real compliments to give. If you think the new top looks like a garbage bag, keep it to yourself. Say only things you yourself would want to hear.
• Take vacations together
Go to an island or beachfront somewhere. Somewhere away from the city and close to nature. The unfamiliarity of the place will keep you guys together. Going for outdoor activities like jungle trekking, snorkeling and sightseeing is healthy and low cost.
• Ditch work or responsibilities to play with them
This can only happen once in awhile. Like when my friends from outstation come to my neighborhood for a holiday, I’ll usually make time for them. I’ll take them to go eat mind blowing food, go hang out by the beach, watch movies or just hang out by Starbucks. Friends will feel appreciated and you will be remembered for the hospitality and attention given.
• Give the benefit of the doubt
Nicholas is bad tempered. He has a strong sense of controlling things and doesn’t stay in relationships long. For example, when he blames his ex for mistreating him, I’ll give him the benefit of the doubt and believe him. The relationship is between him and her, so all I can do is just lend an ear and hope that things get better between them.
• Keep your promises
There is a saying that I have up in my wall that goes, ‘A man is nothing in this world if he doesn’t keep his word’. Be like dark clouds. You’ll know that it will rain when you see thick, black clouds. It will improve trustworthiness and reliability between your friendships.
• Let them make their own decisions
Keep your expectations low. Be prepared for answers either way. For example, I wanted to join Amazing Race and in my honest opinion, Benny will make the best partner. I believe that if we got chosen, chances are high that we could make it to the finals. He’s a tough, sportive and reasonable person. I asked but he didn’t want to. I wanted to, but didn’t push him to join me. I respected his choice and moved on.
superstious belief...
Man, to understand himself, must know how he stands in society, for public opinion is the standard of all our acts. Now to know ourselves is to see where we, as one individual, stand to the surrounding influences that act upon us. For we are mere machines in the world to be moved and regulated by the wisdom of God or science or by the opinions of mankind. These opinions are what cause all the misery in the world; so to know ourselves is to know science which proves all things. I will show where every man ought to stand and to show more clearly where I am, I must take the two extremes of man's belief. The first is the religious belief of another world. This class embraces all those who are affected by it and all false ideas based on phenomena that cannot be explained. Many of these ideas purport to come from the dead or are opinions; so it takes in all the superstitious who bow down and worship this belief. If a man believes that his power comes from another world, then all who embrace this belief are ready to acknowledge the standard. This standard of the priests had its full sway in early ages when the priests cured all diseases. At last opposition arose, as in all humbugs, and a more learned class of humbugs sprang up who led the more sober part of the people. They admitted the religious error and made a still more religious belief. So you may trace the grand scheme of humbugs from Judaism down to the present day. When new phenomena appear that affect one, they also affect the other. Just keep the two before your eyes. You will find the same reform as it is called in these two humbugs.
The spirits of the dead and all kinds of superstition have been battled by science and their standard driven from the dark ages of heathen idolatry step by step, sometimes appearing in various forms of assumed wisdom, again splitting into parties and settling down into deception. This will always be until man sees himself in the true light of reason, not of opinion. To show the two extremes of humbug, I will take one that is established and is as real to those who believe it, as that the sun rises; this is the allopathy practice of medicine. This is the very foundation of man's belief and to give it a character and standard, it must have a religious belief as erroneous as its father, the old church. These two go hand in hand and their absurdities have called out another class, the spiritualists, accompanied by their physicians. These are at war with each other and what looks absurd to one of these parties is true to the other. Each has its standard of belief to which it bows down and worships and which is as real to them as their own existence. I will show that they are the two standards of the world.
The standard of science never goes back to precedents for its proof but shows its science by its works. If it goes back, it is to show that the world has progressed, not to rake up some wisdom but to show that the world has progressed every day in science. The science of life contains the two classes above mentioned. As I have said, the spiritualist goes back into the dark ages of Judaism where the belief of heaven and hell and spirits of the dead were invented, together with every kind of heathen superstition, to seek wisdom by which to correct the errors of the age, supposing that the world was wiser then than now. And showing that any foreign intelligence purporting to come from abroad is worth more than what they get at home. Now, does science go out of the way? No. Chemistry is here just what it is everywhere and the chemist is always showing his improvements and so it is with all sciences. But that science founded on opinions is proved by referring to some one's opinions. And when you go to the opinions, you are sent to another and so on. It is like chasing a jack o'lantern to find the basis independent of an opinion. The science of health is in the hands of these blind guides. There is no difference between them. They are the two extremes of humbug. One belongs to the upper crust, the other to the lower. And if there chances to be a person not under one of these two classes, directly or indirectly, I should like to see where he stands.
Disease is one of the heathen inventions and has had as many names as any political party ever had, but is always the same thing. The serpent was its author or inventor when it made Eve eat the forbidden fruit. As that was a sin, it poisoned all the human family, as is believed. And as sin is disease, all men became diseased, for all have sinned, the Bible says. The apple that brought on the first disease could not have been eaten by the inhabitants of the world, so that they must have caught it from our first parents. Thus catching diseases originated, but Jesus condemned this idea when he said, The old proverb was done away with, that the father had eaten sour grapes and the children's teeth were set on edge, showing that it was a lie. But the people believed it. As the serpent was lost or metamorphosized into the Devil and the people were made to believe it, it became necessary to have a place for him to dwell. So hell was invented as his dwelling place. And as he still held his old grudge because he was driven out of the garden, his whole power was aimed against mankind. We next hear of him tormenting Job with boils, so that disease was his invention. He used to send out young devils or evil spirits, and sometimes the Lord employed them, as when he wanted to deceive Ahab. These devils could enter man and make him do all kinds of things. They tried it with Jesus but they could not deceive him, although he recognized their existence, for he used to cast them out. These devils had teeth and they could also talk. The Bible is full of accounts of their tormenting man and if it is true or the Christian explanation of it, then there were evil spirits at the time the Christian era commenced, eighteen-hundred years ago.
Now, where are they? If man is not affected by them, who is the author of our troubles? Man is affected more than he ever was. These same devils reigned in the time of Jesus and he sent forth his disciples to cast them out. He said that they would be destroyed at the end of the world, for then the Devil and all his works shall be destroyed and death itself. Then there should be no death nor hell. They were to be cast into the lake of fire. Jesus put the power of destroying these evil spirits in the hands of his disciples. Now let us see what they have done. First we find the priests persecuting them, hanging them and casting them into prison till all the disciples were destroyed and they got the power into their own hands. If these devils were the priests that crucified Jesus and all his disciples, then we can trace them along. But if they were evil spirits which the Devil sent into the priests and prophets, we can also follow them down. The people were divided on this point. The priests taught that they were the chosen ones to put down the evil spirits, not that such were in them. And here is where the war commenced. The priests, like the demagogues, had power over the masses and as the people believed in these evil spirits, of course there would be different opinions about their power. The most superstitious were the easiest led and as the priests had full possession of the minds of the masses, it was very easy to interest them in their favor.
So all opposition came from a more liberal quarter, but yet governed by the same belief in the spirits of the dead; so science had nothing to do with the religious quarrel. The quarrel commenced about a false opinion, existing only in the minds of political demagogues and science is as much a stranger as in any political quarrel. Still they hold out to the people that they are their friends and thus they have got the world to admit their wisdom. What do these parties propose to the people? To restore order and happiness to man. I will give their platform. They have established the fact that there is another world, which constitutes one plank. The return of spirits to earth is another. Also the Devil leading the wicked into trouble. These and a still larger number of grievances are laid down as facts. What do the leaders propose? To get up an army and attack this devil and in the name of goodness reform the world, drive the devil out of existence and establish the kingdom of heaven on earth. This is the appeal to the people and as this is a spiritual war against the devil's kingdom, it is necessary that the people should know what they are fighting for and who are their leaders, etc. The priests like the demagogues have made the people believe that they have been deceived and that it is necessary that they should do something to get out of their trouble, while the troubles are the effects of their beliefs invented by man and all the warfare is to fight down their own beliefs. So it is with the sick; the devils are the priests' opinions and the disease is the punishment of their belief. So the people pay the priests for the opinions and get the reward thereof in aches and pains.
These are the profits of the priests, for they know that the people know not the author of their misery. They offer their services to fight down the very evil they have created. In spiritual as well as in literal wars, there must be opposition parties, some for the health and some for the disease. As the war is in the minds of the people, the destruction of life is what is aimed at. Health and happiness being the land of science, the destruction of either cripples both, so all their aim is at this land. All will admit that this land is overrun with every kind of devil in the form of disease. How to destroy them is a matter of opinion, so parties spring up and make war in their peculiar way. The priests are for driving them out by prayer, while every prayer goes to create more devils. This is seen by another class called educated or more scientific, the doctors. They calculate more scientifically for their own benefit and have induced the people to give up to them all those who are killed by these devils in order that they should examine and discover the place of rendezvous.
Thus the people have given them this power over all who fall by disease. So when a person is attacked by one of these children of their own make, they commence war against it. If he attacks them in the side, the doctor claps on a blister. If he flies to the head, he also follows him there. If he goes to the stomach a dose of calomel is sent after him. This generally starts the devil and ruins the man and his house being shattered to pieces, he gives up the ghost and leaves. Then the doctor claims his prize; so he cuts up the head like a vegetable, hanging up one part and preserving the other in alcohol. They contend this is all for the benefit of the people and like the priests in Egyptian theology, instead of lessening the evil, they create ten times as many more. Finally, the people in despair, like Saul, have left their oracles and sought witches or those having familiar spirits, to enquire how to get rid of these Philistines that are overspreading the land and devouring their lives and substance. So in the darkness of night, they disguise themselves and are seen making their way to some woman having a familiar spirit to inquire of her how the battle is going on with their friends, for the doctor is fighting the battle. In a trembling voice, they ask if the spirit will respond; a faint rap is heard denoting yes. Then the communication is open and the spirits have the field. Here is war between the living and the dead. A revelation commences, but as both are in the devil's employ, it makes but little difference to the scientific man which gets the day.
actually..i'm not really believe about superstitious belief..i just heard about it from my parents,grandparents and so on.i'm sure that most of you have many story about superstitious belief..
Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine, literature, art, architecture, and general comportment) that are popular in a culture at any given time. Such styles may change quickly, and "fashion" in the more colloquial sense refers to the latest version of these styles. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole.
The terms "fashionable" and "unfashionable" are employed to describe whether someone or something fits in with the current or even not so current, popular mode of expression. The term "fashion" is frequently used in a positive sense, as a synonym for glamour, beauty and style. In this sense, fashions are a sort of communal art, through which a culture examines its notions of beauty and goodness. The term "fashion" is also sometimes used in a negative sense, as a synonym for fads and trends, and materialism. A number of cities are recognized as global fashion centers and are recognized for their fashion weeks, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. These cities are Paris, Milan, New York City, and London. Other cities, mainly Los Angeles, Berlin, Tokyo, Rome, Miami, Hong Kong, São Paulo, Sydney, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Madrid, Montreal, Mumbai, Vienna, Auckland, Moscow, New Delhi , San Juan, Dubai and Dallas also hold fashion weeks and are better recognized every year.
fahion??nowadays,have many type of fashion in this world...every country have different fashion..that's all..
Tiramisu (Italian: Tiramisù / Veneto: Tiramesù, IPA: [tirame'su]) is one of the most popular Italian desserts. It is made of savoiardi dipped in coffee and mascarpone cream. For many years, different sources (from Vin Veneto, dated 1981, to the Italian Academy of Giuseppe Maffioli and several cuisine websites) give evidence that tiramisu was born in Treviso at "Le Beccherie" restaurant in the hands of the confectioner Roberto Linguanotto, also known as Loli. Different stories report the creation of the cake to have been born in the city of Siena. Some confectioners were said to have created it in honour of Cosimo III on the occasion of his visit to the city. These days, the cake is characterised by a delicate and intense taste. In order to prepare it, according to the original recipe, the following ingredients are needed: Savoiardi biscuits, eggs, sugar, rum and cocoa. In the original recipe, there was no liquor as the cake was originally aimed at children and the elderly and the original shape was round. The name Tiramisu is Italian and means "pull-me-up" (Tirami su), a reference to the effects of the sugar and espresso, but can be translated figuratively as "cheer me up".
preparation
The savoiardi are briefly soaked in espresso with the optional addition of brandy or sugar. They are layered with a mixture of mascarpone cheese and zabaglione, a custard made from egg yolks, Marsala, and sugar. Cocoa powder is then sprinkled on top.[citation needed]
Typical ingredients would be 2 cups of strong black coffee, 1/2 cup marsala, 4 eggs (separated), 1/4 cup caster sugar, 500g mascarpone, 300ml lightly whipped thickened cream (optional), 2 packets of sponge fingers (savoiardi), cocoa (for dusting), chocolate flakes, and strawberries for decoration (optional).
The tiramisu is made by pouring the coffee and marsala into a shallow dish. Set aside and keep refrigerated. Beat the egg yolks and sugar in a large bowl with electric beaters until pale and thick. Add mascarpone and mix well with an electric beater. Then add whipped cream. Using a wooden spoon, mix gently until just combined. Refrigerate the mascarpone mixture. Beat egg whites in a medium bowl with electric beaters until soft peaks form. Using a wooden spoon, gently fold egg whites into the mascarpone mixture. Dip enough biscuits into the coffee mixture to cover the base of a ceramic dish. Cover the Lady Fingers with 1/3 of the mascarpone mixture. Repeat layers 2 times, ending with the cream. Cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 6 hours. Dust generously with cocoa, decorate with chocolate flakes and serve.
Tiramisu has become one of the most popular desserts served in restaurants of all types, not just Italian restaurants. The recipe has been adapted into cakes, puddings, and other varieties of dessert.
tiramisu is my favourite food..
it's looks very nice until i feel very sad to eat it..
Music is an art form in which the medium is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses".[1]
The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.
To people in many cultures, music is inextricably intertwined into their way of life. Greek philosophers and ancient Indians defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."[2] According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez, "the border between music and noise is always culturally defined—which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus.… By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be, except that it is 'sound through time'."[3]
music??i'm sure that every one love to listen to music..it is because it is a way to release tension..
The Ants and the Grasshopper
THE ANTS were spending a fine winter's day drying grain collected
in the summertime. A Grasshopper, perishing with famine, passed
by and earnestly begged for a little food. The Ants inquired of
him, "Why did you not treasure up food during the summer?' He
replied, "I had not leisure enough. I passed the days in
singing." They then said in derision: "If you were foolish enough
to sing all the summer, you must dance supperless to bed in the
winter."
Comments:
This is a very common and we know this fable since we are still young. This story tells us that it is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow. However, although we know this story, how many of us really take the meaning behind it? Take an example in our now campus life, we can still see many of our friends still do things in the last minute and end with copying friends’ assignments, doing tricks in the exams and also quizzes! All these really a shame! As a human being, we are given the most brilliant thinking by the god and we should know how to plan for ours tomorrow before it is too late. If we fail to plan then we are plan to fail. As an undergraduate student, we should all realise that the planning of time is very crucial since time is gold. Off course spending time sleeping, playing game in dorm are absolutely a leisure, however, please remember, after 4 years time enjoying, it will only give us the rest years of suffer. Like what i’m doing now, i’m doing my works in the last minutes! I admit that this is my fault and that is why i choose this article. I feel ashame of myself for keeping delaying this works until it disturbed my study week’s schedule! We can never know what will happen tomorrow, so , i will take this lesson and try to make myself better.
The Lion and the Three Bulls
THREE BULLS for a long time pastured together. A Lion lay in
ambush in the hope of making them his prey, but was afraid to
attack them while they kept together. Having at last by guileful
speeches succeeded in separating them, he attacked them without
fear as they fed alone, and feasted on them one by one at his own
leisure.
Comments:
Union is strength. That’s the main moral I get from this story. In actual life, we can see many people are selfish. Nowadays, people tend to not behave like our ancestor. We feel stingy to lend our hands to others because we think that it is no need to trouble ourselves by others’ problems. That link to when we, ourselves facing hardship we will have to solve it by oneself. Our country is not really safe now. Kidnapping, raping, broke house stealing, murdering are all happen in our country now. My house has been a victim of broke house stealing, this incident happened in the noon, most my neighbours were in their house, but none of them realised my house was being intruded! The thieves had turned my house over and they gone eventually when my little brother came back from school. All the lights and fans in my house had been turned on, the gate was being cut off a part rudely, all doors of cupboards were being opened..... What a mess! My brother quickly phone my parents for help. A while later(4 hours later), the policeman came, and based on some of my helpful neighbour(they only came when they saw there was a cab car stopped in front of my house ), there was a Perdana black in colour ,(including the car window also cannot see through inside), stopped in front of my house , a man in dark coat came out and pressed our house’s bell several times, they didn’t even notice that my house was then being broke in. See , what a “helpful” neighbour. After that incident, every of my neighbour apply alarm in their house but useless, their alarms are too sensitive, ring at least once a day, haha... until every times their alarms ring we also pretend like the alarms have lost their control. Nothing happen after that incident, just we have to feel pity that we are not together even though we live very near. If the neighbour contact us as quickly as she can when she saw stranger in front our house, i wonder maybe that incident will not happen.
The Man and the Serpent
A Countryman's son by accident trod upon a Serpent's tail,
which turned and bit him so that he died. The father in a rage
got his axe, and pursuing the Serpent, cut off part of its tail.
So the Serpent in revenge began stinging several of the Farmer's
cattle and caused him severe loss. Well, the Farmer thought it
best to make it up with the Serpent, and brought food and honey to
the mouth of its lair, and said to it: "Let's forget and forgive;
perhaps you were right to punish my son, and take vengeance on my
cattle, but surely I was right in trying to revenge him; now that
we are both satisfied why should not we be friends again?"
"No, no," said the Serpent; "take away your gifts; you can
never forget the death of your son, nor I the loss of my tail."
Comment:
Never ever hurt a person because injuries may be forgiven, but not forgotten. This short story link me to one of my friend, she lose her mother last year ago. Her mother passed away because of tumour, not cancer based on her speech. She claimed that the doctor has caused the death of her mother. Until today we will also behave ourselves and try our best not to talk about the word “mother” in front of her. She hate the doctor very much because his carelessness had take way her most love one. In my opinion, we as human being should behave ourselves and always think wisely before we say or do something so that our action won’t hurt other people. I have read from a book declaring in Malay that : kecuaian seorang doctor hilang satu nyawa, kecuaian seorang guru musnah satu generasi. This shows that it is very crucial to think twice before action especially those with responsibilities on them. In conclusion, the sad memory maybe hard to forgotten but i wish my friend will not give up in future time.
Language is the soul of our nation
In countries where such birth was "fought" for, invariably with thousands of lives lost, it gave birth to a nation named after the distinct dominant community there.
After all, they were the community that laid down their lives for the noble cause. Hence, the Filipinos were "rewarded" with the Republic of Philippines. Similarly, Republik Indonesia.
Despite the presence of migrant groups in these newly independent countries, they quickly became part of the homogenous demographics in almost all aspects.
They took local names, regardless of their cultural beliefs and religious practices.
They spoke the dominant local language fluently, understood the deeper cultural nuances and, to a large extent, adopted them as though they were their own.
Their mother tongue gave way in preference to the national unifying language. It followed that there were no vernacular schools within the national education system.
In other words, the newer generations of these new nations, local and migrants alike, were very conversant with this way of life as citizens of the proudly independent country.
Even the older generation did their best to adapt and seemed resigned to accept their new way of life.
It is not surprising then that to the casual outsiders, including tourists, these were perfectly homogenous countries with virtually no discernible differences among the citizens.
This, however, was not the case for Malaya, or Malaysia, as its birth gave rise to a myriad of cultural, ethnic and religious distinctions.
For Malaya, history took a significantly different route, which is not necessarily bad. Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (literally Federation of Malay-land) existed long before independence in 1957.
The dominant Malay population, which at one time made up more than 90 per cent of the inhabitants, now had Chinese and Indian immigrants for company.
Over time, the original "Malay-land" designation was dropped. The language became known as Bahasa Malaysia, rather then Bahasa Melayu. In some ways, this was felt by the Malays as a loss of Malay-ness as they believed that "bahasa jiwa bangsa" (language is the soul of a nation).
Ironically, as this happened, the other ethnic communities clung ever more tightly to their roots in several aspects.
Thus, it is hardly surprising to come across Malaysians who can hardly speak good Bahasa Malaysia, including some members of parliament.
Given the current preoccupation with the English language, not mastering the national language is no big deal any more.
So the keris, songkok, position of sultans and the usage of certain words are seen now as problematic just because a few chose to flaunt their ignorance.
As though this is not enough to keep the others happy, another sacrifice is expected of them, this time in matters of the social contract.
The pressure will be mounting, as the indigenous and local communities continue to weaken further. It all began when, as a nation, we failed to understand the subtleties of bahasa jiwa bangsa.
This is the article that i take from new straits times...
TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE IN ENGLISH: Give them options
By : JANE LEE, Seremban
MUCH has been said about the pros and cons of teaching Mathematics and Science in English. Both sides have compelling arguments to support their case.
Whatever the decision, there are going to be unhappy people. So I say, let's make it a win-win situation -- designate certain schools as offering both these subjects in English while the rest of the schools can use their preferred language (Bahasa Malaysia or mother tongue). There are a number of advantages to this.
Firstly, parents get to choose which school to enrol their children in based on what they feel is best for their children. The parents will then have to accept the consequences of their choice and not blame the system for their children's failure.
Next, since teachers who can really teach these subjects in English are in short supply, they can then be pooled in such schools so that the quality of teaching is not compromised.
Those who prefer to teach in Bahasa Malaysia would be happier because they would not be forced to teach in English.
If schools offering different media of instruction are located near each other, it would not be a problem to relocate these teachers.
Planning by the Education Ministry also becomes easier in terms of resources and wastage can be minimised. Instead of supplying resources to all schools, they can channel the proper resources to the proper schools. The case of resources being not utilised for their set purpose (laptops being used for other purposes) would be better brought under control.
The ministry also needs to ensure that heads of schools selected to use English as the medium of instruction must themselves be fluent English speakers so as to spearhead the use of English in the school environment.
A non-supportive head will often close one eye if teachers choose to use "bahasa rojak" in class.
I agreed with what writer's says.just a simple solution...let everybody make their own dicision.it can make everybody will happy in their life.
I would like to share this article:
Catching early
This article in honor of October being Breast Cancer Awareness month. Most of us know someone within our close social circle who has been through this terrible ordeal. This is not surprising, as the National Cancer Institute estimates that there were about 2.4 million women breast cancer survivors in 2004, with a 3.5% increase annually in the incidence of breast cancer. Unfortunately, this means more deaths in 2008 and 2009, unless women respond to the pleas for regular screening so that the disease may be detected early.
The easiest method of screening is, of course, self-examination. This is easy and can be performed in the privacy of one’s home. Many reliable medical websites provide information on the step-by-step process of the breast self-examination. A new tool called Cue is being released this month — this is a small device that may be placed in the shower. It is a small disc like instrument that reminds women of the best time in the month for breast exams, and also provides reminders when it is time for a mammogram.
The DCD recommend s that women above 40 years schedule a mammogram every two years in addition to regular self-exams. A newer method of screening is the breast ultrasound, using the reflective properties of sonic waves to detect lumps and areas of calcification. When used as an adjunct to mammograms, more diagnoses of Cancer can be made. MRI is the most sensitive at detecting such potentially cancerous masses at much earlier stages of the disease. However, a MRI is recommended for women who are at a high risk (due to genetic, familial and environmental factors) of developing cancer. If lumps or masses are detected, a biopsy usually follows to check if the lump is malignant or benign.
Apart from these specific screening tools, a healthy daily lifestyle may also help decrease the risk of cancer. Foods high in beta-carotene and fiber such as carrots, legumes, squash, and whole grains may have anti-oxidant properties, lowering cancer risk. Foods high in saturated fats such as red meats, margarine, whole fat creams and cheeses may increase risk of all forms of cancer. Getting regular exercise and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption also contributes towards decreasing the risk of cancer.
Talking to friends and family to spread awareness is more important now than ever. Print, internet and broadcast media are doing an excellent job of promoting an understanding of this condition. Little steps can go a long way, and spreading awareness and encouraging everyone to do the same will help early detection and potentially save lives.
I want to share tihs article:
Dying to be a good mom-Eating Iisorders In Pregnancy.
Most people know the “typical” eating disorder patient: adolescent girl, over-achiever, perfectionist. This is an accurate description, since most patients with diagnosed eating disorders and patterns of disordered eating are females between the ages of 10 and 20. Currently, it is estimated that 1% of adolescent girls have anorexia. Nearly 30% of adolescent girls have disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, while not meeting the criteria for diagnosis of an eating disorder.
Women are three times more likely to develop an eating disorder than men. Recent reports indicate that the lifetime prevalence of anorexia is 0.6%, bulimia, 1%, and binge-eating disorders, 2.8%. While most of these cases do occur during adolescence, the face of the eating disorder patient is changing. Women are now experiencing disordered eating and body image issues much later in life — through early adulthood, pregnancy and motherhood, and midlife.
While all eating disorders pose serious mental and physical health risks to the patient, eating disorders throughout pregnancy and motherhood are particularly concerning, since the patterns of disordered eating may also pose health risks to the child. Some women with disordered eating may easily be able to cope with the weight gain and body changes associated with pregnancy, because they are able to put the health of the baby first. Others still may find ways to control their eating and weight gain, risking the health — and possibly life — of their unborn child. Disordered eating during pregnancy may lead to dehydration, cardiac abnormalities, diabetes, depression, and labor complications for the mother. Likewise, the baby may experience slowed development, premature birth, low birth weight, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties.
Women who are able to maintain healthy eating patterns during pregnancy may still be at risk for disordered eating during the transition into new motherhood. A recent study found that some women with pre-existing eating disorders were “desperate,” according to the survey, to return to their controlled, disordered eating practices. These women chose not to breastfeed their infants, allowing them to return more quickly to restrictive eating and intense exercise routines. Still other women chose to breastfeed for entirely the same reasons; they viewed nursing as a faster way to lose weight and would permit themselves to eat treats that they would not otherwise allow.
Women with a history of eating disorders were also more likely to experience depression in the postpartum period, not just a recurrence of the eating disorder. Postpartum depression, as well as eating disorders, can lead to serious complications for mothers, children, and entire families. Maternal-child bonding is impaired and the child is at risk for insufficient care and feeding.
Even women who did not have symptoms of eating disorders prior to pregnancy may experience eating disorders in the postpartum period. New mothers often experience extremes of stress, emotion, and exhaustion. For many new mothers, this is the first time they have experienced any lack of control over their lives and their bodies and they may find themselves seeking to gain some control through management and manipulation of their eating habits and weight loss. The consequences of disordered eating habits can lead to obvious health problems: malnutrition, dehydration, heart failure, even death. Researchers are now finding that mothers with eating disorders may place their children at increased risk for developing an eating disorder, also.
On the other hand, one study found some women whose eating practices improved after becoming a mother. This was likely due to a decrease in impulsive and self-destructive attitudes seen as women mature and become mothers. However, these same mothers did not have a satisfactory body image, even though they did not exhibit symptoms associated with disordered eating. Still, researchers found that motherhood had an overall positive effect on disordered eating.
The stress of motherhood and the corresponding body changes lead to depressive symptoms for many women, including eating and body image disorders. Add to this the ever-present notion that women should have it all and be it all, and the rail-thin celebrity moms on every television show and magazine cover, and it is no wonder mothers are at risk for unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes. Health care providers routinely screen for postpartum depression, but providers are critical to the evaluation of disordered eating practices. Unfortunately, there is little research to support standard treatment regimens in pregnant and postpartum women, once diagnosed. The best treatment likely remains a multidisciplinary approach, in which women can be open and honest about their fears, concerns, and anxieties about motherhood and family members and health care providers provide support, encouragement, and education for the new mom.
FINDING NEW WAYS TO TREAT DEPRESSION.
I think it’s good to think outside the box. Especially when it comes to finding solutions to some pretty major problems. Let’s take depression for example.
Starting in May 2007, the FDA started requiring that a warning be posted on antidepressant drugs. The warning was about the increased risk of suicide for patients in the 18-24 age range. This warning was the result of a FDA analysis of patient data.
So it seems to me that depressed young people need more options besides medication. Of course, all people who suffer from depression need options but for this age group, in light of this study, it seems necessary. So, let’s look at other possible options.
Therapy: This is a standard treatment and it can be a good one. But unfortunately this method of treatment requires a good therapist and this isn’t always easy to find. Not because there’s a shortage of capable therapist out there but because it can get complicated. Sometimes the therapist doesn’t practice the type of therapy that is best for your condition. Maybe you live in a very small town with only 1 or 2 practicing therapists. Many times therapists don’t accept insurance or don’t accept your insurance.
In the case of depression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of the better therapy choices. But it can be hard to find a therapist that specializes in this type of therapy. Many may offer some form of it but there’s something to be said for someone who knows the intricacies of treating depression using only this therapy.
Classes: This isn’t a usual treatment option but I think it’s a good one. It’s my outside the box contribution, if you will. Many people who are depressed suffer from various thinking patterns that make depression more likely to occur or enable the depression to stay around. Bringing these patterns to patients’ attention and then teaching them other ways to think can go a long way towards helping a depressed individual become healthier.
Other Support Systems: There are a myriad of options available for supporting those with depression. Whether it is some type of group therapy, support group, or study group. One option that I find alluring is telephone treatment. This type of treatment was offered to over 604 employees aged 18 years and over in various U.S. companies. The treatment involved telephone assessment and facilitation to inpatient treatment, a psycho-educational workbook, support and monitoring of treatment. The results were very positive.
Although medication is usually the first or second line of defense against depression, there are more options available. Since medication may not the best treatment choice for many, and since traditional therapy isn’t always accessible, I think it’s necessary to search for other ways to offer support and help so that those who need to treat their depression have a number of viable, encouraging choices at their disposal.
Band History
Lead singer/bassist Ian Lloyd (b. Ian Buonconciglio, 1947, Seattle) and keyboardist Michael Brown (b. Michael Lookofsky, April 25, 1949, Brooklyn) were introduced by their fathers, two old friends who had worked together for years as session violinists. Ian had been singing for years and had attracted local notice recording as Ian London. Michael had played with his group the Left Banke, which had made the U.S. charts with "Walk Away Renee" (#5, 1966) and "Pretty Ballerina" (#15, 1967). The two seemed to click and agreed to set about becoming a Beatlesque band. They recruited New Yorkers Steve Love (guitar) and Bryan Madey (drums) and located an interested record company in Kama Sutra. A self-titled album and a single – "I'm Coming Home" (#42, 1972) – followed. A second LP, About Us (1973), also did well, but primarily due to the inclusion of an afterthought, "Brother Louie." The song about a black girl and her white boyfriend had been a British hit for Hot Chocolate that year. Once issued as Stories' second single, it became a big hit reaching number one in the United States. This didn't sit well with the group. "All of a sudden," Lloyd explained to Triad's Russel Wiener, "we had a big hit with a song that did not represent our music and the direction we were trying to go in. I didn't think it would affect me that much, but it did. Consequently, I decided that I had to remove myself from that, so that I could come back and show what I really can do." Lloyd did remain with Stories for one more album – Traveling Underground (1973) – but Brown left immediately. Bassist Kenny Aaronson (b. April 14, 1952, Brooklyn) (formerly of Dust) and keyboardist Ken Bichel (b. 1945, Detroit) stepped in to fill the void. The new group made the Hot 100 with "Mammy Blue" (#50, 1973) and "If It Feels Good, Do It" which was a cover of a song by the band Climax (#88, 1974). Before the group's breakup, Love left and was replaced by Richie Ranno. Lloyd has since recorded several solo albums and done studio work for Foreigner, Fotomaker, and Peter Frampton. Brown next formed the Beckies, another Beatlesque band. Love reappeared in the early '80s as Landscape. Madey, after a two-LP stay with the Earl Slick Band, reportedly provided accompaniment for Peggy Lee. Aaronson has remained busy. He was co-founder (with Carmine Appice's brother Vinnie) of Axis, and he did sessions for Hall & Oates, Billy Squier, ex-Mountain Leslie West, Foghat, Bob Dylan, and Rick Derringer. Bichel has done session work, and so has Love. Raven Records released The Stories and About Us on a single cd with as a bonus track Another Love (the last single by the group - in 1974)
Mother Teresa was an Romanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship.
She founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta,India in 1950.For
over forty years she helped poor, sick, orphaned and dying while guiding Missionaries of Charity.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest Civilian honor Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.Mother Teresa Missionaries of Charity continued to expand and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries including hospitals and home for people with HIV or AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, children and family counseling programs, orphanage and schools.Following her death , she was beatified by Pope John Paul II and given the title 'Blessed Teresa Of Calcutta'.
GEORGE TOWN: The Ramadan spirit of charity was glaringly missing in Jalan P. Ramlee here when an elderly man's century-old wooden house was partially torn down last Saturday by the landowner.
Hamad Marican, 80, and his two sons, Jaafar Sidik, 50, and Mohamad Ali, 43, had gone out to buy food for the breaking of fast. When they returned at 7pm, almost the entire front portion of the house was gone.
They believe that the owner of the land, on which the one-storey house sits on, had brought in an excavator to tear down the front door, part of the roof and most of the living room.
Hamad claimed there was no prior notification about the demolition. "I had the shock of my life after seeing my home almost reduced to a pile of rubble," Hamad sobbed.
"This is ridiculous. How are we supposed to live here without a decent roof and walls?
"The coming Hari Raya will be very dismal and gloomy for me and my sons," said the distraught senior citizen.
Hamad claimed the land was jointly owned by an individual and the Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP).
Hamad's daughter, Anum Hamad, 40, who lives in another house next door, lamented the land-owner's high-handed approach.
"The owner does not have the right to tear down the property as the land is registered under him and the MPPP.
"He should have got the consent from MPPP before proceeding to demolish the house," she said.
To make matters worse, Anum said Hamad and her two brothers refused to move in with her.
The family have since lodged a police report.
"The coming Hari Raya will be very dismal and gloomy for me and my sons," said the distraught senior citizen.
Hamad claimed the land was jointly owned by an individual and the Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP).
Hamad's daughter, Anum Hamad, 40, who lives in another house next door, lamented the land-owner's high-handed approach.
"The owner does not have the right to tear down the property as the land is registered under him and the MPPP.
"He should have got the consent from MPPP before proceeding to demolish the house," she said.
To make matters worse, Anum said Hamad and her two brothers refused to move in with her.
The family have since lodged a police report.
Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of fast food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC was a wholly owned subsidiary of Tricon from 1997-2002, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands since 2002. The chain also advertises itself as Poulet Frit du Kentucky or PFK in the province of Quebec in Canada.
KFC primarily sells chicken in form of pieces, wraps, salads and burgers. While its primary focus is fried chicken KFC also offers a line of roasted chicken products, sides and desserts. Outside of North America, KFC offers beef based products such as burgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. The popularity and novelty of KFC has led to the general formula of the fried chicken fast-food restaurant being copied by restaurant owners worldwide.
The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFC's fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name, KFC, in 1991.[2] Starting in April 2007, the company began using its original appellation of Kentucky Fried Chicken again for its signage, packaging and advertisements in the United States as part of a new corporate re-branding program;[3][4] newer and remodeled restaurants will have the new logo and name while older stores will continue to use the 1980s signage. Additionally, the company continues to use the abbreviation KFC freely in its advertising. Internationally the company is still known as KFC.
History
The restaurant in North Corbin, KY where Colonel Sanders developed Kentucky Fried ChickenWorld's first KFC in South Salt Lake, Utah, since replaced by a new KFC on the same siteBorn and raised in Henryville, Indiana, Sanders passed through several professions in his lifetime.[5] Sanders first served his fried chicken in 1930 in the midst of the Great Depression at a gas station he owned in North Corbin, Kentucky. The dining area was named "Sanders Court & Café" and was so successful that in 1936 Kentucky Governor Ruby Laffoon granted Sanders the title of honorary Kentucky Colonel, in recognition of his contribution to the state's cuisine. The following year Sanders expanded his restaurant to 142 seats, and added a motel he bought across the street.[6] When Sanders prepared his chicken in his original restaurant in North Corbin, he prepared the chicken in an iron skillet, which took about 30 minutes to do, too long for a restaurant operation. In 1939, Sanders altered the cooking process for his fried chicken to use a pressure fryer, resulting in a greatly reduced cooking time comparable to that of deep frying.[7] In 1940 Sanders devised what came to be known as his Original Recipe.[8]
The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, often those headed to Florida, so when the route planned in the 1950s for what would become Interstate 75 bypassed Corbin, he sold his properties and traveled the U.S. to sell his chicken to restaurant owners. Sanders entered into franchise agreements paying him five cents for each piece of chicken sold.[citation needed] The first to take him up on the offer was Pete Harman in South Salt Lake, Utah; together, they opened the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" outlet in 1952.[9] By the early 1960s Kentucky Fried Chicken was sold in over 600 franchised outlets in both the United States and Canada. One of the longest-lived franchisees of the older Col. Sanders' chicken concept, as opposed to the KFC chain, was the Kenny Kings chain. The company owned many Northern Ohio diner-style restaurants, the last of which closed in 2004. Sanders sold the entire KFC franchising operation in 1964 for $2 million USD [10] Since that time, the chain has been sold three more times, most recently to PepsiCo, which made it part of its Tricon Global Restaurants division, which in turn was spun off in 1997, and has now been renamed to Yum! Brands. Additionally, Colonel Sanders' nephew, Lee Cummings, took his own Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises (and a chicken recipe of his own) and converted them to his own "spin-off" restaurant chain, Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken.Today, some of the older KFC restaurants have become famous in their own right. One such restaurant is located in Marietta, Georgia. This store is notable for a 56-foot (17 m) tall sign that looks like a chicken. The sign, known locally as the Big Chicken, was built for an earlier fast-food restaurant on the site called Johnny Reb's Chick, Chuck and Shake. It is often used as a travel reference point in the Atlanta area by locals and pilots.[11]The original handwritten recipe, along with vials containing samples of each of 11 herbs and spices, is kept locked away at the KFC corporate headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky. Only 2 executives have access to it and to maintain security, the company uses multiple suppliers each providing only a portion of the final ingredients.[12]
Products
Packaging
The famous paper bucket that KFC uses for its larger sized orders of chicken and has come to signify the company was originally created by Wendy's restaurants founder Dave Thomas.[citation needed] Thomas was originally a franchisee of the original Kentucky Fried Chicken and operated several outlets in the Columbus, Ohio area. His reasoning behind using the paper packaging was that it helped keep the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The rotating bucket sign was designed by Leonard Goldstein to advertise the availability of Kentucky Fried Chicken at his Lendy's Restaurants in Roanoke and Salem, VA. The signs first appeared in 1961, a year before Dave Thomas took over 4 Kentucky Fried Chicken stores in Columbus, OH.[citation needed]
Menu items
This is a list of menu items sold at KFC.KFC's Original Recipe fried chicken and French fries
• KFC's specialty is fried chicken served in various forms. KFC's primary product is pressure-fried pieces of chicken made with one of two types of breading: original recipe or extra crispy.
• KFC has two lines of sandwiches: its "regular" chicken sandwiches and its Snackers line. The regular sandwiches are served on either a sesame seed or corn dusted roll and are made from either whole breast fillets (fried or roasted), chopped chicken in a sauce or fried chicken strips. The Snackers line are value priced items that consist of chicken strips and various toppings. In the UK the main sandwiches are chicken fillet burger (a chicken breast fillet coated in an original-recipe coating with salad garnish and mayonnaise) and a Zinger Burger (as with the former but with a spicier coating and salsa). Both of these are available as "tower" variants, which include a slice of cheese and a hash brown.
• A variety of smaller finger food products are available at KFC including chicken strips, wings, nuggets and popcorn chicken. These products can be ordered plain or with various sauces, including several types of barbecue sauces and buffalo sauce. They also offer potato wedges.
• Several pies have been made available from KFC. The Pot Pie is a savory pie made with chicken, gravy and vegetables. In the second quarter of 2006, KFC introduced its variation on Shepherd's pie called the Famous Bowl. Served in a plastic bowl, it is layered with mashed potatoes or rice, gravy, corn, popcorn chicken, cheese, and a biscuit. The bowl had been available at KFC's special test market store in Louisville since the third quarter of 2005.
• The KFC Twister is a wrap that consists of either chicken strips or roasted chicken, tomato, lettuce and (pepper) mayonnaise wrapped in a tortilla.
• Shish kebab - in several markets KFC sells kebabs.
Other products
Coleslaw
• In some international locations, KFC may sell hamburgers, pork ribs or fish. In the U.S., KFC began offering the Fish Snacker sandwich during Lent in 2006. The Fish Snacker consists of a rectangular patty of Alaskan Pollock on a small bun, and is the fifth KFC menu item in the Snacker category.[13]
• Three types of salads (which can be topped with roasted or fried chicken) are available at KFC: Caesar, house, and BLT salads (in the US).
• The Bonus Banquet
• Zinger Burger - A regular sized burger which regularly consists of a boneless fillet of hot and spicy chicken, lettuce and mayonnaise in a burger bun. Cheese, tomato, bacon and pineapple can be added upon request. Barbecue sauce can also replace/join the mayonnaise.
• Parfait desserts - "Little Bucket Parfaits" in varieties such as Fudge Brownie, Chocolate Crème (once called the Colonel's Little Fudge Bucket), Lemon Crème and Strawberry Shortcake are available at most locations in the US. [14]
• Sara Lee Desserts - Available in either Cookies and Cream Cheesecake or Choc Caramel Mousse.
• "Variety Bucket": This has chicken, popcorn chicken, two sides, biscuit.
Sides
• Other than fried chicken, many KFC restaurants serve side dishes like coleslaw, various potato-based items (including potato wedges, french fries and mashed potatoes with gravy), biscuits, baked beans, macaroni and cheese, rice, steamed vegetables and corn on the cob.
Discontinued products
• The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold - This product was introduced in the 1990s as a response to the Boston Market chain's roasted chicken products, and a healthier mindset of the general public avoiding fried food. Purportedly made from a "lost" Col. Sanders recipe, it was sold as a whole roaster or a half bird.[15]
• Tender Roast Chicken - This product was an off-shoot of 'The Colonel's Rotisserie Gold'. Instead of whole and half birds, customers were given quarter roasted chicken pieces. For a time, customers could request chicken "original", "Extra Tasty Crispy", or "Tender Roast".
• Chicken Little sandwich - a value oriented sandwich that sold for $0.39(USD)[16] in the U.S. during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was a small chicken patty with mayonnaise on a small roll, similar to White Castle's mini chicken sandwich.[17]
• Extra Tasty Crispy (ETC) - Chicken much like the Extra Crispy served today, except ETC was prepared using chicken that had been soaking for at least a day in special marinade. There is some speculation that the marinade may have been made with trans-fats, and KFC boasts to no longer use trans-fats in their chicken. In the summer of 2007, KFC started marketing the chicken just as "Extra Crispy" without the marinade.
• Kentucky Nuggets were a chicken nugget product available at KFC until 1996. No reason has been given for their discontinuation.
• Fillers - A promotional item for a Cricket team, the filler was a nine inch (22cm) sub available in four different varieties from November 2007-Mid January 2008, only in Australia.
• Smokey Chipotle - Introduced in April 2008. The chicken was dipped in chipotle sauce then doubled breaded and fried. It has been discontinued since August 2008.
Nutritional value
KFC formerly used partially hydrogenated oil in its fried foods. This oil contains relatively high levels of trans fat, which increases the risk of heart disease. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) filed a court case against KFC, with the aim of making it use other types of oils or make sure customers know about trans fat content immediately before they buy food.
In October 2006, KFC announced that it would begin frying its chicken in trans fat-free oil. This would also apply to their potato wedges and other fried foods, however, the biscuits, macaroni and cheese, and mashed potatoes would still contain trans fat. Trans fat-free soybean oil was introduced in all KFC restaurants in the U.S. by 30 April 2007. CSPI announced that it would immediately drop its lawsuit against KFC and was hopeful that this would create a ripple effect on other restaurants or fast food chains that prepare food rich in trans fat. "If KFC, which deep-fries almost everything, can get the artificial trans fat out of its frying oil, anyone can," CSPI Executive Director Michael Jacobson said in a statement.[18]
Advertising
KFC's logo used from 1991 until November 2006
Early television advertisements for KFC regularly featured Colonel Sanders licking his fingers and talking to the viewer about his secret recipe and the importance of a family joining one another for a meal. Despite his death in 1980, this angle was quite common through the 1980s and up until the early-mid 1990s.
Throughout the mid 1980s, KFC called on Will Vinton Studios to produce a series of humorous, claymation ads. These most often featured a cartoon-like chicken illustrating the poor food quality of competing food chains, mentioning prolonged freezing and other negative aspects.[19] TV ads also featured Foghorn Leghorn advising Henery Hawk to visit the restaurant for better chicken.
In the 80s, KFC was an associate sponsor for Junior Johnson's NASCAR Winston Cup Series cars, with such drivers as Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, and Terry Labonte.
In 1997 KFC briefly re-entered the NASCAR Winston Cup Series as sponsor of the #26 Darrell Waltrip Motorsports Chevrolet with driver Rich Bickle at the Brickyard 400.
A co-branded Long John Silvers and KFC
By the late 1990s, the stylized likeness of Colonel Sanders as the KFC logo had been modified. KFC ads began featuring an animated version of "the Colonel" voiced by Randy Quaid with a lively and enthusiastic attitude. He would often start out saying "The Colonel here!" and moved across the screen with a cane in hand. The Colonel was often shown dancing, singing, and knocking on the TV screen as he spoke to the viewer about the product. In reference to these ads, William Shatner shouted "The Colonel is breakdancing! Give me a break!" in the song "I Can't Get Behind That"[20]
The animated Colonel is uncommon today. Still using a humorous slant, the current KFC campaign revolves mostly around customers enjoying the food. It also features a modified version of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" as the theme song for practically all its commercials, though the restaurant actually hails from Kentucky.
In 2006, KFC claimed to have made the first logo visible from outer space, though Readymix has had one since 1965.[21][22] KFC says "[It] marked the official debut of a massive global re-image campaign that will contemporize 14,000-plus KFC restaurants in over 80 countries over the next few years." The logo was built from 65,000 one-foot-square tiles, and it took six days on site to construct in early November. The logo measured a record-breaking 87,500 square feet (8,130 m2),[citation needed] and was placed in the Mojave Desert near Rachel, Nevada.[23]
Many KFC locations are co-located with one or more of Yum! Brands restaurants, Long John Silvers, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, or A&W Restaurants. Many of these locations behave like a single restaurant, offering a single menu with food items from both restaurants.[24]
The resurrected Kentucky Fried Chicken logo
One of KFC's latest advertisements is a commercial advertising its "wicked crunch box meal". The commercial features a fictional black metal band called "Hellvetica" performing live, the lead singer then swallows fire. The commercial then shows the lead singer at a KFC eating the "wicked crunch box meal" and saying "Oh man that is hot".
In 2007, the original, non-acronymic Kentucky Fried Chicken name was resurrected and began to reappear on company marketing literature and food packaging, as well as some restaurant signage.
HOW TO BE A LOVING PARENTS FOR YOURSELF
What does that mean?
First you need to develop an Inner Mother. If you were lucky and had a loving caring mother, you can take her as an exemple. Otherwise you need to invent, to create this Inner Mother, which is your feminine caring energy. Everytime you have an emotion, your Inner Mother should ask your Inner Child : “What happens, my darling?” Listen to what your Inner Child has to say. Than you go on with the dialogue. Inner Mother says : “Come here. Come in my arms, I love you as you are. I love you with what you feel.”
Doing that, the heaviness of the emotions will drop pretty much. Than you say these words : “I understand”. These words are very important, because most of the time we don’t feel very “normal” having the feelings we have and we try to ignore or suppress them, which makes them heavier. “I understand, my darling, come here in your Mothers arms, I love you.”
Stay with these words and feelings for a while, and than ask :” What do you need?”
Whatever the Child answers, you say : “We will ask this of your Father”.
And here starts the task of your Inner Father, who is there to protect you and to act for you in the outside world. You would never send a four-year old asking for a raise at work or getting to resolve a conflict at school or with the neighbours, would you? So why do you try it? Send out your Inner Father to take care of whatever you have to do in the outside world. Your Inner Father is your male energy, which enables you to make decisions, to take action, to follow your inner guidance (which is located in you Inner Child, also called Intuition) and to manifest your Child’s desires in the world.
When your Child has a need, for instance to call someone or to go somewhere to arrange something, imagine that your Inner Child stays at home with his Mother who takes care of his feelings (“I understand you’re afraid…”) and that your Inner Father (another part of your being) goes out there to act. Your Inner Father is that part of you which is able to handle stress, to take action, to arrange conflicts and all other stuff that has to do with the outside world. If that part is missing because you didn’t have a good model when you were little yourself, you will have to create and develop it.
Of course your Inner Child, Mother and Father are all parts of you. It is all you. It is just a model to understand what is happening inside you and how you can learn to love yourself.
Loving yourself is listening to your Inner Child, taking his emotions seriously, understanding what he feels and taking action in the desired direction. Loving yourself is having this dialogue with yourself every morning when you open your eyes, every evening when you go to bed, and every time you have an emotion.
Loving yourself is building a strong inner connection with yourself.
It is creating your own loving family, inside you. You will never feel alone anymore. You are already three! Call it your Trinity. Wherever you go, from now on you go with your Inner Family. Your are not alone. You are loved and you are protected. You listen to yourself and take care of that precious little Child that has been waiting for so long to get your attention and love.
*miEyda*
HOW TO SELECT PLAYER BEFORE MATCH IN FOOTBALL MANAGER 2008...???
Usually playing Football Manager 2008 I follow the next principles when it is necessary to select the first squad before a match:
• At first when you select players for participate in the match, look at their morale and conditions. Try to use players with the highest morale, and do not set to the first squad 'Very poor' or 'Poor' moraled footballers.
• As far as conditions concerned, usually I do not use players who has less then 94% giving them rest from the game or just placing them to the substitution.
• Another small hint is checking current level of fitness of a player. I never set a player to the first squad when he has fitness - 'Several lacking in match fitness', 'Tired' or something like that except matches with very weak opponent teams.
• Never set injured players with orange 'Inj' sign to participate in a match.
• It is also important to understand form of your footballer: how good he played last matches, what kind of performance he shows during this season, how often he gets injured, how good he is at that or other position where you use him. Follow statistics of a player!
• Talking with players during the matches, correct media comments and personal talks with a player really matter!Use them often to increase morale of your footballers. Try to avoid setting to the first squad a player who is being nervous before a match after your media comment.
.what-not-to-do.
Things can go from bad to worse very quickly if you focus on the wrong things. Here’s a list of things not to do when you’re faced with dead ends.
#1 don’t give up
Taking a defeatist attitude will get you no where in life. Keep trying, eventually you’ll make it.
#2 don’t label yourself a failure
One slip-up doesn’t make you a loser for the rest of your life. Negativity will only fuel more failure as you’ll have no motivation or drive to improve.
#3 don’t rush it
Whether it’s the process of feeling better or getting better at what you do, it all takes time. Time is not just the best healer, but the best trainer too. Be patient with yourself and in time you’ll reap the benefits.
#4 don’t be too hard on yourself
Ease up sister! Sometimes things are just out of your control, we all make mistakes. You can’t change what has happened, so accept responsibility, learn and move on.
#5 don’t just stick to plan A
While we love things to go our way, it’s not always the name of the game. Learn how to be flexible – that way you’ll get more out of life.
#6 don’t play the blame game
It’s much easier than accepting responsibility, but it only means you’re never going to learn. Grow up and swallow the bitter pill, it’s good for you
this tips gave me motivation to keep on focusing in a right way on what i learn.everyone have their 'brakedown' moment.ngeeee.especially me!i hope this tips help you guys out there if you are focusing on the wrong thing.
hello everyone..
thanks for reading my article..Actually it is not mine,but i just search it in the internet..
What i can conclude about that article,"How to be a loving parents for yourself",is try to become a matured person..it is because you are not a teenage anymore..you have your own family..try to give your fully loves and cares to them..its will makes they appriciated you..
Becomes a mother actually is more hard than a father..WHY???Because as we know,the child is more closer to their mother..Mum is a place where we can share ours problems,hapiness,success,and many more..And we can consider that a lot of ours time we spend with mums..
What about fathers??
Fathers is like ours guide..They supposed to do everythings to makes their childs live hapily..
So,to becoming a real parents we should understands what the responsibility and "task" when teaching ours child.
*miEyda*
Friendship is a gift of God. Some of us are blessed with good friends. But as it happens, these friendships are taken for granted in some cases and not valued. It is similar to a case of two couples. Say one has no child even after many years of marriage and the other has many children, more than they can manage. What do you think? Will the couple with many children value the children as much as the couple which has none? Everything is relative in life. We value what we don't have and give less valuable to what is freely available with us. Friendship is one such relationship.Why should we value friendships? What qualities does a good friend bring in our relationship that makes the friendship so valuable? Let us examine some of these.
>>from read this article i just want to said that i do really love all of my friends. hopefully it will be our everlasting friendship.
THIS IS HOW WE MISS OUT SOMETHING CALLED 'LIFE'
A boy was born to a couple after eleven years of marriage. They were a loving couple and the boy was the gem of their eyes. When the boy was around two years old, one morning the husband saw a medicine bottle open. He was late for office so he asked his wife to cap the bottle and keep it in the cupboard. His wife, preoccupied in the kitchen totally forgot the matter. The boy saw the bottle and playfully went to the bottle fascinated by its color and drank it all. It happened to be a poisonous medicine meant for adults in small dosages.
When the child collapsed the mother hurried him to the hospital, where he died. the mother was stunned. She was terrified how to face her husband. When the distraught father came to the hospital and saw the dead child, he looked at his wife and uttered just five words.
QUESTIONS :
1. What were the five words ?
2. What is the implication of this story?
ANSWER :
The husband just said ' I am with you Darling '
The husband's totally unexpected reaction is a proactive behavior. the child is dead. He can never be brought back to life. There is no point in finding fault with the mother. Besides, if only he had taken time to keep the bottle away, this would not have happened. No one is to be blamed. She had also lost her only child. What she needed at that moment was consolation and sympathy from the husband. That is what he gave her.
If everyone can look at life with this kind of perspective, there would be much fewer problems in the world."A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". Take off all your envies, jealousies, unforgiveness, selfishness, and fears. And you will find things are actually not as difficult as you think.
>>for me, this story is really worth reading...... Sometimes we spend time in asking who is responsible or whom to blame, whether in a relationship, in a job or with the people we know. By this way we miss out something called L.I.F.E.
8 Tips for Flying with Diabetes
Smart travel strategies for people with diabetes.
In the early days of air travel, travelers looked at flying as a great adventure. Nowadays we often see it as a chore to endure before the real trip can begin. Here's how to ensure that your next flight will be safe and pleasant so you'll be all set and ready to go when the fun starts.
1. Bring your own meal or snack. These days, few airlines offer free meals; you're probably out of luck if you're flying economy class or you're on a relatively short flight. The meals and snacks that airlines do offer are not only expensive and unsatisfying, but unhealthy to boot. So tuck a turkey sandwich, pasta salad, an apple, or whole-wheat crackers and low-fat cheese into your carry-on bag along with some napkins and a plastic fork if you need one.
2. Book an aisle seat. You might be tempted to pity the person on the end of the row who has to get up whenever someone else wants to leave their seat. But that's the person who will arrive at his or her destination less cramped and more energized than anyone else, so seek out that seat, and use every opportunity to get up out of it. Sitting in a plane seat for hours on end raises the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or blood clots in the legs. Many factors often associated with diabetes—being overweight, being 60 or older, having poor blood circulation, and having a history of heart disease—are also linked to DVT, which can be life-threatening if the clot travels through the bloodstream and blocks blood flow to the lungs.
3. Set a digital reminder to get up. Time can easily get away from you while you're flying if you're sleeping or watching an in-flight movie. The next time you fly, wear a digital watch with an alarm, and set it to go off 60 or 90 minutes after takeoff. When the alarm goes off, stroll to the restroom and back, then reset your alarm to go off in another 60 or 90 minutes. Repeat this exercise throughout the flight.
4. Use airport time to burn calories. Catching a plane involves a whole lot of hurry up and wait. While you're waiting for your plane to board, use that spare half-hour to tool around the terminal rather than grabbing an overpriced candy bar from the newsstand. If you combine the calories you'll burn moving your feet and the calories you save not chomping the chocolate, you'll end up a grand total of 420 calories behind where you would have been.
5. Buy some bottled water once you've cleared security. Yes, the flight attendants on the plane will come around with the beverage cart once or twice, depending on the length of your flight, but you should drink more often than that to avoid dehydration, which can give you a headache and possibly raise your blood sugar. If you have to get up more often to use the bathroom, that's not a bad thing. Don't buy your water before you pass through security or you may be required to throw it out.
6. Ask at the gate for an exit row seat. These are seats you can only book once you're at the airport, and you can do it even if you already have a seat assignment—something not many people know. In an exit row you'll have oodles more room to stretch your legs.
7. Keep your feet on the move. To keep the blood flowing, do these simple foot exercises every half hour. With your heels on the floor, lift your toes up as far as possible. Hold for a few seconds, then release. Next, lift one foot slightly off the floor and draw circles in each direction with your toes. Repeat with the other foot. Finally, lift one heel as high as possible, keeping your toes on the floor. Repeat with the other foot.
8. For less stress, time your arrival at the airport just right. Nervous fliers can reduce their flight anxiety by leaving plenty of time to travel to the airport safely, park, check in with the agent, and get through security. Not leaving enough time to do these things will surely stress you out, which in turn will increase your blood glucose levels. For domestic flights on which you're checking a bag, arrive at the airport 90 minutes before the flight. For international flights, show up at least two hours before departure. Arrive 30 to 60 minutes earlier than that if you're flying during the holidays.
taekwon-do history
"Taekwondo is an empty-hand combat form that entails the use of the whole body. Tae means "to Kick" or "Smash with the feet," Kwon implies "punching" or "destroying with the hand or fist," and Do means "way" or "method." Taekwondo thus, is the technique of unarmed combat for self defense that involves the skillful application of techniques that include punching, jumping kicks, blocks, dodges, parrying actions with hands and feet. It is more than a mere physical fighting skill, representing as it does a way of thinking and a pattern of life requiring strict discipline. It is a system of training both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the development of the trainee's moral character."
Taekwondo is a martial art that in "todays" form of self defense has evolved by combining many different styles of martial arts that existed in Korea over the last 2,000 years and some martial arts styles from countries that surround Korea. Taekwondo incorporates the abrupt linear movements of Karate and the flowing, circular patterns of Kung-fu with native kicking techniques. Over fifty typically Chinese circular hand movements can be identified in modern Taekwondo.(1) A few of the earlier martial arts styles that contributed to Taekwondo are: T'ang-su, Taek Kyon, also known as Subak, Tae Kwon, Kwonpup and Tae Kwonpup. There are also influences from Judo, Karate, and Kung-fu.
"The earliest records of Taekwondo practice date back to about 50 B.C. During this time, Korea was divided into three kingdoms: Silla, which was founded on the Kyongju plain in 57 B.C.; Koguryo, founded in the Yalu River Valley in 37 B.C.; and Paekche, founded in the southwestern area of the Korean peninsula in 18 B.C.."(2) Tae Kyon ( also called Subak) is considered the earliest known form of Taekwondo. Paintings from this time period have been found on the ceiling of the Muyong-chong, a royal tomb from the Koguryo dynasty. The paintings show unarmed people using techniques that are very similar to the ones used by Taekwondo today.
13 Things Your Bank Won't Tell You
1. Just because you deposited a check today doesn't mean you can start living it up tomorrow. It takes us three days on average to post the money to your account. (And why should we hurry? If you bounce a check, we collect around $30.)
2. Yes, we know the line is long and only one teller window is open, but no, the guy in the cubicle can't come over to help out. He may not be allowed to do a teller's job.
3. Call or visit in person to resolve a problem. Filling out online forms will usually get you the by-the-book reply, but a rep will often forgive a fee over the phone so we can all just get on with our lives.
4. Unless you're Wolfgang Puck, our loan officers have pretty much decided before you walk in that you're not getting a loan for your dream bistro. But they'll let you apply for one anyway. We're not crazy about lending to nonprofits and houses of worship either. We don't want the bad publicity when we go after them.
5. Our tellers routinely press you into opening new accounts because their jobs depend on it. Banks hire “mystery” customers who secretly test whether a teller is cross-selling services.
6. Don't blame us -- it's not our fault you can't control your spending. "The bank didn't make you swipe your card or write a check that you didn't have money for," says one teller in Akron, Ohio.
7. Postdating a check rarely works. With stacks of deposits to process, we look at account names, not dates. If the check bounces, you're liable.
8. Please don't haul in plastic bags of loose change. We really don't have the time or manpower to count it. Ask for free wrappers and bring in rolled coins next time.
9. Keep receipts for every ATM transaction -- and please don't feed cash directly into the machine without first putting it into an envelope (yes, people actually do this).
10. A consumer's brain registers an immediate "Ouch!" whenever he's hit with an itemized penalty, such as a bounced-check fee, so most people keep a much higher balance in their checking accounts than necessary, says personal-finance writer Jason Zweig. "Banks make a ton of money off this mental quirk since they would have to pay interest on the money if we left it in our savings accounts, where it belongs."
11. Banks don't always promote their checking accounts with the highest interest rate. Why tell you about those when you're already willing to sign up for an account that pays less?
12. A bank has the right to pay itself back out of your next deposit for any fees or overdraft loans that you owe.
13. Sorry, we can't afford to give out free toasters anymore to new customers. Business is brutal.
Interviews by Neena Samuel
Sources: David Bach, author of Fight for Your Money (spring 2009); Jason Zweig, author of Your Money & Your Brain (2007); Jean Ann Fox, director of financial services, Consumer Federation of America; anonymous bank employees in New York, Ohio, and Texas.
4 Ways of Looking at Breakfast
As a Weapon of Mass Construction
Sumo wrestlers credit chanko-nabe -- a chunky stew of vegetables, broth, noodles, and meat or seafood-for their girth. They down it as a late breakfast after training for several hours, and while it clearly bulks up the 300-plus pounders, the meaty mixture contains nothing controversial. (In fact, many restaurants in Japan serve a similar dish.) Protocol demands that junior grapplers cook the dish daily for the champs, who get first dibs. One famous wrestler is said to have consumed 65 bowls of it-that's about 29 pounds of beef-in a single sitting. Lucky for him, the next scheduled activity after chanko-nabe is a nap.
As the Un-Donut
If your shrinking budget can't lure you away from that 7 a.m. fancy coffee drink or sugary pastry, perhaps a nutritional news flash will. Recent studies have shown that eating a healthy breakfast can boost your memory and trim your waistline. So what makes the best morning meal? “A power shake packed with nutrients,” says nutritionist Oz Garcia. To turbocharge his own fruit smoothie, he adds flaxseed (with omega-3 fatty acids), pomegranate concentrate (with three times the antioxidants of red wine), almond butter, green tea extract, blueberries, wheat germ, garlic, and probiotic yogurt.
As a Marketing Marvel
Breakfast cereal is now a $9 billion business. But back in the day, when John Harvey Kellogg set out on a national health crusade, cereal had a more select fan club. In the late 1890s, Kellogg and other Seventh Day Adventists cooked up the first batch of cornflakes in his Battle Creek, Michigan, laboratory, touting it as a cure for constipation. But breakfast-in-a-box really took off in 1949, after the chairman of Kellogg's happened to share a train ride with legendary adman Leo Burnett. Soon after, the men joined forces to market cereal directly to kids. Brightly packaged boxes helped-Norman Rockwell designed the one above, which hit store shelves in 1955-as did big spending on some of the earliest color TV commercials.
As a Learning Incentive
When American kids eat breakfast, studies show, their test scores improve. In Third World countries, the morning meal has an even more pivotal role. In rural Cambodia, when a bowl or two of rice with split peas is provided first thing in school, children journey from miles away to learn. When free meals go away-as was the case for a month and a half last spring when rising rice prices forced the World Food Program to suspend its breakfast program-so do as many as one third of the kids. The students stay home, WFP program director Thomas Keusters explains, to search for frogs and crabs to eat instead.
A value that never ever get from book.... Appreciate your family...
I in my house now while writting this comment. This is my 1st sem break.. and this is my 6th day at here... I realise that my home town changed already (the enviroment- many trees been cut and many develoment, everything seems to become negative ), but the only thing that not change here is my family... Their LOVE never change but become stronger than ever.... FAMILY... only they will be right beside you when you are in trouble, when you are in sadness, when you are in happiness.... nothing is more important than your family... So, since they are still here with me, i should appreciate this moment.... And i will not forget this.. let it be a `uneraserable' memory...
Once a girl asked a boy..
"Do you think I'm pretty?"
The boy said "No"
The girl asked.. "Do you want to spend your life with me?"
The boy said.."No"
The girl asked.."Will you be sad if I go away from your life now?"
The boy said "No"
The girl had heard enough. She couldn't take it any longer. She loved the boy too much. So the girl turned around and started to walk away with tears running down her face, her silent tears blurring her vision.
But suddenly the boy grabbed her wrist from behind and gently turned her around.. kissed her....and said..
"I don't think you are pretty...you are Beautiful...
I don't WANT to spend my life with you...I NEED to spend life with you...
If you leave me now..and go away forever...I won't cry.....I’d die.."
Durian........mmmmm
The durian (pronounced /ˈdʊəriən/) is the fruit of trees from the genus Durio belonging to the Malvaceae, a large family which includes hibiscus, okra, cotton, mallows, and linden trees. Widely known and revered in Southeast Asia as the "King of Fruits", the fruit is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to four kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.
The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour, strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Regarded by some as fragrant, others as overpowering and offensive, the smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust. The odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia.
The durian, native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, has been known to the western world for about 600 years. The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace famously described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds" in the 19th century. The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked. The name durian comes from the Malay word duri (thorn) with suffix -an.
There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; most of them have a common name and a code number starting with "D". Many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.
Orang Utan.....
i read an article about orang utan.the summary that i can maje from it thatThe orangutans are two species of great apes. Known for their intelligence, they live in trees and they are the largest living arboreal animal. They have longer arms than other great apes, and their hair is reddish-brown, instead of the brown or black hair typical of other great apes. Native to Indonesia and Malaysia, they are currently found only in rainforests on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, though fossils have been found in Java, Vietnam and China. They are the only surviving species in the genus Pongo and the subfamily Ponginae (which also includes the extinct genera Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus). Their name derives from the Malay and Indonesian phrase orang hutan, meaning "man of the forest". The orangutan is an official state animal of Sabah in Malaysia.The word orangutan (also written orang-utan, orang utan and orangutang) is derived from the Malay and Indonesian words orang meaning "person" and hutan meaning "forest", thus "person of the forest". Orang Hutan is the common term in these two national languages, although local peoples may also refer to them by local languages. Maias and mawas are also used in Malay, but it is unclear if those words refer only to orangutans, or to all apes in general.
Cristiano Ronaldo arrived in Manchester amid a media storm. Manchester United had managed to sign the player without the Press suspecting anything. As the Stock Market was told that the player had been signed, hundreds of journalists flooded up to Manchester to get a proper look at one of Manchester United's youngest signings.
Ronaldo was born on the 5th February 1985, on the small island of Madeira, which is owned by the Portuguese. Named after Ronald Reagan, due to his father's respect for the man, few would have gambled that this child would make it to the very top of the Football tree, especially with Madeira mainly being used for farm-land. He has one brother and two sisters, and it is family whom he deems most important in his life at the moment.
It was on the dusty back-streets of this small island that Ronaldo learnt his first few tricks, and it was also on this Island that he was first scouted. By the age of twelve Ronaldo had established himself as the best player on the Island, able to use his ball skills and pace to get past full-grown defenders for Andorinha.
Having been recognised as a serious talent, all that was left was for the big Portuguese clubs to scrap it out for his signature. Though Porto and Boavista came in for him, he could only ever play for Sporting the club he supported as a boy.
He progressed slowly through the youth ranks, although all those who worked with him were impressed with the talent that he had for his age, as well as his maturity.
At the tender age of 17, Ronaldo was thrown in at the deep end with his first game against Moreirense. Two goals on his first appearance not only gave him his dream debut, but also endeared him to the fans, who soon learnt to chant for the ball to be passed to him. A goal against title-rivals Boavista also saw him rise to the top of the "Fan's Favourites" list.
His skills were watched closely by all of the big clubs in Europe, including Liverpool and Juventus, in the U-17 European Championships. His dazzling skills put England U-17s out, and everyone who watched felt they had seen something special.
At the end of his first season at Sporting he was linked to Liverpool. Though he claimed he was extremely happy at Sporting, he was also flattered by the interest of such a big club, who used to do well in the Premier League.
Sporting finished top in the league, and Ronaldo was hailed as the future of the club, alongside Quaresma, another Portuguese Starlet.
As it was, both moved away, with the money on the table to much for the Portuguese club to turn down. Best-friend Quaresma ended up at Barcelona, whilst Ronaldo came to the bright red of Manchester.
Anxiety
Feeling worried or nervous is a normal part of everyday life. Everyone frets or feels anxious from time to time. Mild to moderate anxiety can help you focus your attention, energy, and motivation. If anxiety is severe, you may have feelings of helplessness, confusion, and extreme worry that are out of proportion with the actual seriousness or likelihood of the feared event. Overwhelming anxiety that interferes with daily life is not normal. This type of anxiety may be a symptom of another problem, such as depression.
anxiety can cause physical and emotional symptoms. A specific situation or fear can cause some or all of these symptoms for a short time. When the situation passes, the symptoms usually go away.
Physical symptoms of anxiety include:
* Trembling, twitching, or shaking.
* Feeling of fullness in the throat or chest.
* Breathlessness or rapid heartbeat.
* Lightheadedness or dizziness.
* Sweating or cold, clammy hands.
* Feeling jumpy.
* Muscle tension, aches, or soreness (myalgias).
* Extreme tiredness.
* Sleep problems, such as the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, early waking, or restlessness (not feeling rested when you wake up).
Anxiety affects the part of the brain that helps control how you communicate. This makes it more difficult to express yourself creatively or function effectively in relationships. Emotional symptoms of anxiety include:
* Restlessness, irritability, or feeling on edge or keyed up.
* Worrying too much.
* Fearing that something bad is going to happen; feeling doomed.
* Inability to concentrate; feeling like your mind goes blank.
Cristiano Ronaldo's rise to the very top of the game continued. The season started off slowly, with Manchester United falling off the pace with their worst start to the Premier League ever!
It didn't take too long before Cristiano was knocking in the goals, however, and United soon started to win, adn win well.
Over the course of the season, Ronaldo went on to score 42 goals - which is phenomenal as a winger. He had a few misses that will be remembered less affectionately by the fans - penalty misses at West Ham (which would have got 3 points for United instead of one), a penalty miss in the first leg of the Champions League semis against Barcelona, in Barcelona, and the miss from the spot in the Champions League Final.
With Ronaldo able to guarantee goals for the team and an ultra-mean defence, United won the Premier League (again!), and a historic Double was completed when United beat Chelsea in Moscow on penalties - Ronaldo headed United in front, but was left in tears when he missed his shot. All John Terry needed to do was score from 12 yards to win the Champions League, but thankfully he missed! Ronaldo was saved, United went on to win in sudden death, adn everyone was ecstatic!
Moments after the victory Ronaldo told the fans 'I'm staying', but just days later there was confusion, which dragged on all summer, as to where Ronaldo would be playing in 08/09. The player himself made it clear he wanted to move to Real Madrid, describing it as a 'Dream Move', but United refused all offers.
Following a disappointing Quarter-Final exit in Euro 2008, Ronaldo had traetment for an ankle injury, and returned to Manchester United only after Sir Alex Ferguson had talked him round!
A reader recently asked whether it was abnormal for people to talk to themselves.
I don't believe there's anything unusual in someone speaking out loud to no one in particular, or when no one else is around. For some people, it's simply a habit; they may be using it to keep themselves organized, stay focused, and remind themselves what to do next.
Some people talk out loud when they feel lonely. Or others will reflect on their actions with comments such as "Great job," "I'm glad that's finally done," or "That was really stupid."
And who doesn't occasionally talk back to the radio or television, especially when engaged in viewing sports events or listening to a despised politician?
On the other hand, sometimes talking to oneself can indeed be a manifestation of mental illness. Some people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia may lose touch with reality and experience auditory hallucinations of voices. They feel compelled to respond to "their" voices and even carry on extensive conversations. It's not unusual in downtown areas of big cities to see homeless people, quite oblivious to their surroundings, conversing earnestly when no one else is nearby.
When people seem to be carrying on conversations with themselves these days, however, it most often means they have a Bluetooth earpiece and a cell phone. These one-sided conversations can be pretty annoying if you're stuck in front of such a caller in a line for any length of time.
So... there are plenty of situations when talking out loud to yourself or to no one in particular is perfectly appropriate and socially acceptable. But when we have to listen to lengthy one-sided conversations from a cell phone user, we call it "noise pollution."
Who, finally, are the crazy ones? It's the oblivious cell phone talkers who don't look where they are going, don't care who hears every mind-numbing detail about their business and personal affairs, and couldn't care less that they're driving everyone within earshot... a little mad. They should know better.
UFOs In Today's World
Do you believe in UFO? Let me tell you something, you have to believe in UFOs - these unidentified flying objects. I’m a firm believer and by the end of todays posting, you simply must agree with me.
Okay, most of us learn about UFOs in TV programs and movies. There’s plentiful of them ranging from crass comedy to seductively scientific. There are also various groups who’ve dedicated their lives in studying and trying to prove or disprove each UFO sighting claims.
Some claims that advanced construction demonstrated by ancient Egyptian and Mayan civilisations are due to visiting aliens that taught them how to build those fancy pyramids. We all have this images in our mind - the simple Mayan folks peacefully tending to their slash and burn crops and chasing after wild pigs, suddenly they came across these shining machinery with flashing lights and strange looking people with strange looking clothes. The Mayans gave them gifts, submit themselves and their women to this stranger and in return the aliens gave them new technology.
Fancy schmancy science fiction you said? What if I tell you that all this could be happening right now? I mean now.. as in year 2008 on our very own planet Earth?
Actually this could very well be the situation in Amazon, one of the few remaining unchartered territories of the world. A report on National Geographic highlights the plight of “Unseen Tribes” in the Amazon that may be threatened by Oil Explorations in the otherwise unspoilt thick tropical jungles.
Check out the following comments on Oil Company’s circular to their staffs where they take seriously the potential threat caused by meeting of two civilisations. (Bear in mind the UFO visualisation just now)
The two documents, obtained by National Geographic News, advise workers to be on the lookout for footprints, spears, arrows, and other signs of humans.
The Barrett manual advises workers that uncontacted natives might become curious about noises, helicopters, and lights, causing them to leave items that signal a desire to make contact with workers.
Such items may include “vessels containing valuable seeds or plantain drinks, necklaces, baskets, snails, gourds, feathers or other objects used for exchange,” the document says.
Both plans prohibit workers from having any contact with natives or giving them food or other objects.
The documents order workers to treat Indians peacefully, making efforts to protect them from illnesses. If unintended contact is made, the manuals instruct guides to initiate communication with natives in local tongues.
If peaceful dialogue cannot be established, according to the Repsol document, workers should attempt to make loud noises with whistles, shouts, and megaphones.
Now, replace the “natives” with ancient Mayans or Egyptians and the helicopter of the Oil Company with the UFOs. You can bet that these natives will see the Oil Company’s staff with colorful overall very much like those Aliens.
Maybe not as dramatic, but we are as alien to them (big head, shiny glasses, etc..etc) as the aliens-from-space. Now…if you add to that the element of time-slip or parallel world….
Microsoft sees end of Windows era
Microsoft has kicked off a research project to create software that will take over when it retires Windows.
Called Midori, the cut-down operating system is radically different to Microsoft's older programs.
It is centred on the internet and does away with the dependencies that tie Windows to a single PC.
It is seen as Microsoft's answer to rivals' use of "virtualisation" as a way to solve many of the problems of modern-day computing.
Tie breaking
Although Midori has been heard about before now, more details have now been published by Software Development Times after viewing internal Microsoft documents describing the technology.
Midori is believed to be under development because Windows is unlikely to be able to cope with the pace of change in future technology and the way people use it.
Windows worked well in an age when most people used one machine to do all their work. The operating system acted as the holder for the common elements Windows programs needed to call on.
"If you think about how an operating system is loaded," said Dave Austin, European director of products at Citrix, "it's loaded onto a hard disk physically located on that machine.
"The operating system is tied very tightly to that hardware," he said.
That, he said, created all kinds of dependencies that arose out of the collection of hardware in a particular machine.
If Windows ends up being less important over time as applications become more OS agnostic where will Microsoft make its money?
Michael Silver, Gartner
This means, he said, that Windows can struggle with more modern ways of working in which people are very mobile and very promiscuous in the devices they use to get at their data - be that pictures, spreadsheets or e-mail.
Equally, he said, when people worked or played now, they did it using a combination of data and processes held locally or in any of a number of other places online.
When asked about Midori by BBC News, Microsoft issued a statement that said: "Midori is one of many incubation projects underway at Microsoft. It's simply a matter of being too early in the incubation to talk about it."
Virtual machines
Midori is widely seen as an ambitious attempt by Microsoft to catch up on the work on virtualisation being undertaken in the wider computer industry.
Darren Brown, data centre lead at consulting firm Avanade, said virtualisation had first established itself in data centres among companies with huge numbers of servers to manage.
Putting applications, such as an e-mail engine or a database, on one machine brought up all kinds of problems when those machines had to undergo maintenance, needed updating or required a security patch to be applied.
By putting virtual servers on one physical box, companies had been able to shrink the numbers of machines they managed and get more out of them, he said.
"The real savings are around physical management of the devices and associated licensing," he said. "Physically, there is less tin to manage."
Equally, said Mr Brown, if one physical server failed the virtualised application could easily be moved to a separate machine.
"The same benefits apply to the PC," he said. "Within the Microsoft environment, we have struggled for years with applications that are written so poorly that they will not work with others.
"Virtualising this gives you a couple of new ways to tackle those traditional problems," he said.
Many companies were still using very old applications that existing operating systems would not run, he said. By putting a virtual machine on a PC, those older programs can be kept going.
A virtual machine, like its name implies, is a software copy of a computer complete with operating system and associated programs.
Closing Windows
"On the desktop we are seeing people place great value in being able to abstract the desktop from actual physical hardware," said Dan Chu, vice president of emerging products and markets at virtualisation specialist VMWare.
Some virtual machines, he said, acted like Windows PCs to all intents and purposes. But many virtual machines were now emerging that were tuned for a particular industry, sector or job.
"People take their application, the operating system they want to run it against, package it up along with policy and security they want and use that as a virtual client," he said.
In such virtual machines, the core of the operating system can be very small and easy to transfer to different devices. This, many believe, is the idea behind Midori - to create a lightweight portable operating system that can easily be mated to many different applications.
Microsoft's licensing terms for Windows currently prohibited it acting this way within a virtual appliance, said Mr Chu.
Michael Silver, research vice president at Gartner, said the development of Midori was a sensible step for Microsoft.
"The value of Microsoft Windows, of what that product is today, will diminish as more applications move to the web and Microsoft needs to edge out in front of that," he said.
"I would be surprised if there was definitive evidence that nothing like this was not kicking around," he said.
The big problem that Microsoft faced in doing away with Windows, he said, was how to re-make its business to cope.
"Eighty percent of Windows sales are made when a new PC is sold," he said. "That's a huge amount of money for them that they do not have to go out and get.
"If Windows ends up being less important over time as applications become more OS agnostic where will Microsoft make its money?" he asked.
Here is one interesting facts that I found in the web.
The history of rock music isn't cut and dry. Many individuals debate who the first rock singer was and what the first rock song was. However, it is known that the history of rock music comes from the old R&B mixed with some country and western and fused with a little rockabilly.
The exact time period that the history or rock music started in is not known. There were rock and roll elements showing up in blues songs and old country western songs as far back as the 20's and 30's. By the 1950's the history or rock music had begun.
The phrase rock and roll used to have a sexual connotation attached to it. The phrase sometimes contained to two meanings. It appeared to mean dancing but was also associated with sex. It was first used in the title of Trixi Smith's 1920's song, “My baby rocks me with one steady roll.” However, it was Alan Freed a disc jockey from Ohio that first came up with the phrase rock and roll in 1955. With that, the history of rock music was well under way.
As stated before, just who started the history of rock music is under debate. This is because rock and roll music evolved from different genres and some songs that belonged to the blues, jazz, country, and gospel genres offered elements that could be considered rock and roll. However, it was Bill Haley's song, “Rock around the clock” that became popular enough to top the Billboard music charts.
In the history or rock music there have been many icons. Among the earliest rock stars are names like Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard. These early stars of the history or rock music led to the popularization or rock and a culture change that shocked the world. The dance crazes, fashion styles, and pop culture that followed the early history of rock music were made possible by these early stars.so,rock on UMPians!
~hariz~
Make friends guys..
Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, and affection and respect along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis. Friends will welcome each other's company and exhibit loyalty towards each other, often to the point of altruism. Their tastes will usually be similar and may converge, and they will share enjoyable activities. They will also engage in mutually helping behavior, such as exchange of advice and the sharing of hardship. A friend is someone who may often demonstrate reciprocating and reflective behaviors. Yet for many, friendship is nothing more than the trust that someone or something will not harm them.
Value that is found in friendships is often the result of a friend demonstrating the following on a consistent basis:
* the tendency to desire what is best for the other,
* sympathy and empathy,
* honesty, perhaps in situations where it may be difficult for others to speak the truth, especially in terms of pointing out the perceived faults of one's counterpart
* mutual understanding.
In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although there is a range of degrees of intimacy in both friendships and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Various theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social psychology, social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.
~hariz~
mampir nich...
menarik sekali blog anda dan saya menyukainya..
salam....
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